Energy and Human Ambitions on a Finite Planet, 2021a

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440 fossil fuel intensity, 138 historical emissions, 139, 142, 143 life cycle emissions, 181, 194, 218, 221, 264 measurements, 139–140 oceanic uptake, 142, 143 possible trajectories, 148–150 coal, see fossil fuels, coal communication, 46–47, 310, 330–332 concentrated solar power, see solar thermal Concorde, 22, 58 conservation, see behavioral adaptation cooling, 88, 95, 95,98 COP (heat pump), 97 COVID-19 p<strong>and</strong>emic, 33, 351 current, see electrical, current Daly, Herman, 322, 323 death rate, see population,birth/death rate decoupling, 20–21, 23 deer, see logistic model, deer examples democracy, 309, 319, 330 demographic transition, 39, 38–46 benefits, 39, 40, 48 geography, 41–44 limitations, 41, 44–46, 48 population surge, 44–45 resource implications, 45 time sequence, 44 trajectory, 40 density air, 185 energy, see energy density water, 176 diet, see food doubling time, see exponential, doubling time Dyson Sphere, 9 Earth energy budget, 11, 166, 167 Earth, cost of, 317 economic decoupling, 20–21, 23 end of growth, 27 growth, 17, 24–27, 318–319 monopoly, 25 pioneers, 27 rabbits, 22, 124 regimes, 323, 322–325 services, 20 steady state, 324–325 substitution, 21 U.S. history, 18 EER (heat pump), 97–98 efficiency electricity generation, 94, 104, 106, 170 geothermal, 276–277 heat engine, 94 heat pump, 95 human metabolism, 397 hydroelectricity, 175 lighting, 21 limits, 23 photosynthesis, 228–229 photovoltaics, 204 rebound, 23 solar thermal, 220 thermodynamic limits, 90–94 transportation, 402 wind energy, 188–189 Ehrlich, Paul, 32 EIA, see <strong>Energy</strong> Information Administration electric transportation, 212, 290, 291, 397–402 electrical current, 77, 202, 205 power, 76–78, 205 electricity, 165 generation efficiency, 94, 104, 106, 170 sector, 104 electron charge, 78 energy chemical, 121, 227, 379–380 comparison matrix, 292, 293, 289–299 conservation of, 69, 69–71, 91, 246, 393–396 conservation principles, 334–337 conservation, quantitative, 337–343 definition, 68 efficiency, see efficiency familiar scales, 69 food labels, 74, 81, 121, 380 forms, 70, 164 global scale, 7, 12, 168 global usage, 108–110 gravitational, 174, 173–175 © 2021 T. W. Murphy, Jr.; Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Lic.; Freely available at: https://escholarship.org/uc/energy_ambitions.
441 historical use, 7, 30, 107–111 kinetic, 184, 184–185 mass-energy, 246, 246–249 matrix, 289–299 mix, 106, 108 money analog, 70 sectors, 104 thermal, 71, 84–88, 396 thermal equivalent, 106, 170 trap, see energy trap trends, 107–111 U.S. usage, 7, 102–108, 110–111 units, see units energy density, 118, 121, 121, 122, 122, 175, 254, 277, 290, 380, 398 <strong>Energy</strong> Information Administration, 7, 102 energy intensity, 18–21, 24 energy return on investment, see EROEI energy trap, 132, 301, 310–311 entertainment, 54, 58, 330 entropy, 90, 91 arrow of time, 91 change, 92 Second Law, 91 equations, see formula hunting EROEI, 231–235, 295, 310–311 estimates, 232, 234 food, 233 estimation, value of, 156, 186, 334 exponential, 2 absurdity, 9 bacteria, 3 doubling time, 2 energy extrapolation, 8 interest, 5 math, 4–6, 32 rule of 70, 2, 6 thermal extrapolation, 12 feedback delay, 36 negative, 33, 36, 48, 50 positive, 33, 50 Fermi paradox, 312–313, 408 Feynman, Richard, 353 fireworks, v, 116, 120, 169 fission, see nuclear, fission flexibility, see behavioral adaptation, flexibility food diet choices, 341–342 dietary energy factor, 340 energy, 74, 81, 121, 380, 380 energy input, 123, 233, 339–341 flexitarianism, 342 formula hunting, v–vi, 74, 368 fossil fuels, 117–134, 292 blip, 115–116 case studies, 128–130 cheap, 122 chemical reactions, 121 coal, 117 discovery, 117, 128–130 finite nature, 115, 124, 126–130 food production, 123, 136, 233 fracking, 124, 128, 130 future prospects, 125–132 gap to alternatives, 126, 300 geology, 120, 128 geopolitics, 131 historical usage, 118, 140 key plot, 116 making more, 169 natural gas, 120 oil, see fossil fuels, petroleum overview, 117 peak oil, 116, 129, 133 petroleum, 118 price control, 133 pros <strong>and</strong> cons, 125, 122–125, 292 R/P ratio, 126–129 reserves, 126, 127 running out, 133 share of energy, 106–111 superiority, 300 fracking, see fossil fuels, fracking fusion, see nuclear, fusion future fossil fuels, see fossil fuels, future prospects hard to predict, 117, 126, 130, 404–408 GDP, 18 generator, 89, 175, 185, 250 geothermal © 2021 T. W. Murphy, Jr.; Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Lic.; Freely available at: https://escholarship.org/uc/energy_ambitions.
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UC San Diego Energy</strong
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Copyright: © 2021 T. W. Murphy, Jr
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v Preface: Before Taking the Plunge
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vii to internalize (“own") the co
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facilitating a quick return to the
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xi Contents Preface: Before Taking
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8.4 Fossil Fuel Pros and</s
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15.4.8 Pros and Co
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D.2 Cosmic Energy
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2 1 Exponential Growth Huma
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1 Exponential Growth 4 The populati
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1 Exponential Growth 6 case we get:
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1 Exponential Growth 8 10 13 <stron
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1 Exponential Growth 10 the impossi
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1 Exponential Growth 12 which we ca
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1 Exponential Growth 14 3. Our exam
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1 Exponential Growth 16 22. Adapt E
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2 Economic Growth Limits 18 But res
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2 Economic Growth Limits 20 perhaps
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2 Economic Growth Limits 22 theoret
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2 Economic Growth Limits 24 2.3 Phy
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2 Economic Growth Limits 26 who wan
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2 Economic Growth Limits 28 Just be
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30 3 Population Underlying virtuall
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3 Population 32 In more recent year
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3 Population 34 which is really jus
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3 Population 36 Definition 3.2.3 Ov
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3 Population 38 halfway to the limi
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3 Population 40 50 Niger Birth rate
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3 Population 42 Figure 3.14: Absolu
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3 Population 44 Country Population
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3 Population 46 continue until all
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3 Population 48 began to climb, lea
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3 Population 50 think that is (hint
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3 Population 52 22. The set of diag
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54 4 Space Exploration vs. Coloniza
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4 Space Colonization 56 Body Symbol
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4 Space Colonization 58 scale of th
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4 Space Colonization 60 4.3 A Host
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4 Space Colonization 62 Hum
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4 Space Colonization 64 4.5 Upshot:
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4 Space Colonization 66 Americans g
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Summary of Current Charges (See pag
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5 Energy a
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5 Energy a
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5 Energy a
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5 Energy a
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5 Energy a
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5 Energy a
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5 Energy a
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84 6 Putting Thermal Energy
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6 Putting Thermal Energy</s
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102 7 The Energy L
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7 The Energy L<str
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7 The Energy L<str
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7 The Energy L<str
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7 The Energy L<str
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7 The Energy L<str
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114 8 Fossil Fuels We are now ready
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8 Fossil Fuels 116 ultimately consi
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8 Fossil Fuels 118 16 14 12 gas 2 T
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8 Fossil Fuels 120 barrel of crude
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8 Fossil Fuels 122 Note that fossil
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8 Fossil Fuels 124 problem of uncer
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8 Fossil Fuels 126 4. Increased dif
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8 Fossil Fuels 128 rate at which it
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8 Fossil Fuels 130 The U.S. experie
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8 Fossil Fuels 132 Box 8.3: Resourc
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8 Fossil Fuels 134 scarcity <strong
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8 Fossil Fuels 136 occupies 7.4 mL
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138 9 Climate Change Climate change
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9 Climate Change 140 When the measu
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9 Climate Change 142 80 CO2 ppmV an
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9 Climate Change 144 (p. 10) that t
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9 Climate Change 146 change, but a
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9 Climate Change 148 9.3 Possible T
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9 Climate Change 150 140 CO2 ppmV a
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9 Climate Change 152 directly escap
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9 Climate Change 154 component math
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9 Climate Change 156 1880, sea leve
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9 Climate Change 158 The last chapt
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9 Climate Change 160 skeptic” who
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9 Climate Change 162 forcing is 3
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164 10 Renewable Overview We now un
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10 Renewable Overview 166 The sun w
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10 Renewable Overview 168 Treating
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10 Renewable Overview 170 Source qB
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10 Renewable Overview 172 sun overh
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11 Hydroelectric Energy</st
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184 12 Wind Energy
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12 Wind Energy 186
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12 Wind Energy 188
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12 Wind Energy 190
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12 Wind Energy 192
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12 Wind Energy 194
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12 Wind Energy 196
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13 Solar Energy 19
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13 Solar Energy 20
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13 Solar Energy 20
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13 Solar Energy 20
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13 Solar Energy 20
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13 Solar Energy 20
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13 Solar Energy 21
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13 Solar Energy 21
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13 Solar Energy 21
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13 Solar Energy 21
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13 Solar Energy 21
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13 Solar Energy 22
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13 Solar Energy 22
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13 Solar Energy 22
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13 Solar Energy 22
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14 Biological Energy</stron
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15 Nuclear Energy
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15 Nuclear Energy
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15 Nuclear Energy
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15 Nuclear Energy
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15 Nuclear Energy
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15 Nuclear Energy
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15 Nuclear Energy
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15 Nuclear Energy
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15 Nuclear Energy
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15 Nuclear Energy
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15 Nuclear Energy
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15 Nuclear Energy
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15 Nuclear Energy
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15 Nuclear Energy
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15 Nuclear Energy
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15 Nuclear Energy
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15 Nuclear Energy
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15 Nuclear Energy
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16 Small Players 276 0.1 W/m 2 , ma
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16 Small Players 278 heat to diffus
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16 Small Players 280 not expect geo
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16 Small Players 282 almost 200 tim
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16 Small Players 284 It’s not an
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16 Small Players 286 16.5 Hydrogen
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16 Small Players 288 5. What are yo
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17 Comparison of Alternatives 290 v
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17 Comparison of Alternatives 292 p
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17 Comparison of Alternatives 294 <
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17 Comparison of Alternatives 296 T
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17 Comparison of Alternatives 298 I
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17 Comparison of Alternatives 300 T
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17 Comparison of Alternatives 302 5
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304 18 Human Facto
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18 Human Factors 3
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18 Human Factors 3
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18 Human Factors 3
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18 Human Factors 3
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18 Human Factors 3
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316 19 A Plan Might Be Welcome Havi
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19 A Plan Might Be Welcome 318 ther
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19 A Plan Might Be Welcome 320 Box
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19 A Plan Might Be Welcome 322 econ
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19 A Plan Might Be Welcome 324 In e
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19 A Plan Might Be Welcome 326 19.4
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328 20 Adaptation Strategies We mad
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20 Adaptation Strategies 330 debate
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20 Adaptation Strategies 332 the en
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20 Adaptation Strategies 334 20.3.2
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20 Adaptation Strategies 336 Exampl
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20 Adaptation Strategies 338 Exampl
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20 Adaptation Strategies 340 Defini
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20 Adaptation Strategies 342 Since
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20 Adaptation Strategies 344 2. kee
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20 Adaptation Strategies 346 Try mo
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20 Adaptation Strategies 348 a) lap
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350 Epilogue This book may be distr
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Epilogue 352 ◮ Fossil fuels are a
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354 Image Attributions 1. Cover Pho
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356 Changes and Co
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Part V Appendices
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A.1 Relax on the Decimals 360 What
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A.3 Areas and Volu
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A.4 Fractions 364 Figure A.1: Paral
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A.6 Fractional Powers 366 writing t
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A.8 Equation Hunting 368 to perform
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A.10 Units Manipulation 370 Looks l
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A.10 Units Manipulation 372 we soug
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A.11 Just the Start 374 useful foun
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B.2 Stoichiometry 376 other element
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B.2 Stoichiometry 378 + C + O 2 CO
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B.3 Chemical Energy</strong
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B.4 Ideal Gas Law 382 Example B.4.2
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C Selected Answers 384 10. May help
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C Selected Answers 386 19. Twice, t
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C Selected Answers 388 Chapter 11 1
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Page 412 and 413: Alluring Tangents D This Appendix c
Page 414 and 415: D.2 Cosmic Energy
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Page 418 and 419: D.3 Electrified Transport 398 Box 1
Page 420 and 421: D.3 Electrified Transport 400 It is
Page 422 and 423: D.4 Pushing Out the Moon 402 D.3.6
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Page 428 and 429: D.6 Too Smart to Succeed? 408 Can i
Page 430 and 431: D.6 Too Smart to Succeed? 410 as we
Page 432 and 433: 412 Bibliography References are in
Page 434 and 435: 414 [30] International Space Statio
Page 436 and 437: 416 [63] NASA. The NASA Earth’s <
Page 438 and 439: 418 [97] D A Pfeiffer. Eating Fossi
Page 440 and 441: 420 Notation This list describes se
Page 442 and 443: 422 Glossary AC alternating current
Page 444 and 445: 424 thing as a kilocalorie. Note th
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Page 448 and 449: 428 EROEI Energy R
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Page 452 and 453: 432 kWh kilowatt-hour. 76, 159, 214
Page 454 and 455: 434 parts per million by mass (ppm
Page 456 and 457: 436 refinement is the process by wh
Page 458 and 459: 438 triton is the nucleus of tritiu
Page 462 and 463: 442 heat pump, 99, 297 geothermal e
Page 464 and 465: 444 capacity factor, 216, 217 cell
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