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Vertrouwen in de school - Wetenschappelijke Raad voor het ...

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Box 8.1 Een an<strong>de</strong>re <strong>school</strong><br />

aanbevel<strong>in</strong>gen<br />

In dit rapport is enkele malen verwezen naar <strong>het</strong> rapport Engag<strong>in</strong>g <strong>school</strong>s; foster<strong>in</strong>g high <strong>school</strong>s<br />

stu<strong>de</strong>nts’ motivation to learn van <strong>de</strong> National Research Council uit 2004. Deze organisatie is een<br />

on<strong>de</strong>r<strong>de</strong>el van <strong>de</strong> Amerikaanse National Aca<strong>de</strong>my of Sciences. De centrale vraag van <strong>het</strong> rapport<br />

luid<strong>de</strong> hoe, gezien <strong>de</strong> actuele wetenschappelijke kennis van <strong>de</strong> empirie en van ‘wat werkt’, <strong>school</strong><br />

en les<strong>in</strong>houd zo (her)<strong>in</strong>gericht kunnen wor<strong>de</strong>n dat zij zoveel mogelijk jongeren weet vast te<br />

hou<strong>de</strong>n en hen zoveel mogelijk kan leren. Eén van <strong>de</strong> hoofdstukken gaat over ‘meet<strong>in</strong>g stu<strong>de</strong>nts’<br />

nonaca<strong>de</strong>mic needs’. Daar<strong>in</strong> pleit <strong>de</strong> nrc <strong>voor</strong> een wezenlijk an<strong>de</strong>re visie op scholen:<br />

“The new vision that we advocate […] shifts attention from and exclusive focus on the <strong>in</strong>dividual<br />

stu<strong>de</strong>nt to a focus on the larger high <strong>school</strong> context, reconceptualizes the roles and responsibilities<br />

of all adults <strong>in</strong> the <strong>school</strong>, and makes the high <strong>school</strong> part of a network (and sometimes the hub) of<br />

community resources rather than an <strong>in</strong><strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nt organization” (2004: 146 ).<br />

De huidige, meer traditionele wijze waarop scholen omgaan met <strong>de</strong> niet-aca<strong>de</strong>mische behoeften is<br />

volgens <strong>de</strong> NRC ‘fundamentally flawed’, en wel om <strong>de</strong> volgen<strong>de</strong> re<strong>de</strong>nen:<br />

“First, no <strong>in</strong>tervention or services offered on the si<strong>de</strong> are potent enough to promote high levels of<br />

aca<strong>de</strong>mic engagement <strong>in</strong> a dysfunctional, unsupportive <strong>school</strong>. Although we recognize that some<br />

stu<strong>de</strong>nts have serious physical and mental health problems that require far more <strong>in</strong>tensive <strong>in</strong>dividual<br />

attention than they are now receiv<strong>in</strong>g, we believe that at least as much weight must be given to<br />

the broa<strong>de</strong>r <strong>school</strong> context.<br />

Second, because stu<strong>de</strong>nts as learners cannot be divorced from stu<strong>de</strong>nts as people with socialemotional,<br />

physical, and mental health needs, strict dist<strong>in</strong>ctions among the roles of <strong>school</strong> personnel<br />

<strong>in</strong> all of their relations to stu<strong>de</strong>nts do not make sense. We recommend restructur<strong>in</strong>g the roles of<br />

all <strong>school</strong> personnel, elim<strong>in</strong>at<strong>in</strong>g the notion that only counselors, social workers, and nurses are<br />

responsible for i<strong>de</strong>ntify<strong>in</strong>g and address<strong>in</strong>g stu<strong>de</strong>nts’ nonaca<strong>de</strong>mic needs.<br />

Third, although <strong>school</strong>s cannot ignore stu<strong>de</strong>nts’ nonaca<strong>de</strong>mic needs, tak<strong>in</strong>g responsibility for<br />

meet<strong>in</strong>g these needs can distract them from their central mission, which is to engage stu<strong>de</strong>nts <strong>in</strong><br />

aca<strong>de</strong>mic work. We strongly endorse strategies that l<strong>in</strong>k high <strong>school</strong>s to a larger network of service<br />

provi<strong>de</strong>rs and supports. The community must be encouraged to assume some responsibility for<br />

stu<strong>de</strong>nts’ <strong>de</strong>velopmental needs, as neither the <strong>school</strong> nor the family can do this alone.<br />

Fourth, we recommend a refram<strong>in</strong>g of our approach to address<strong>in</strong>g adolescents’ nonaca<strong>de</strong>mic needs<br />

to achieve a sharper focus on strategies for build<strong>in</strong>g assets rather than <strong>in</strong>terventions <strong>de</strong>signed to<br />

address problems that have already <strong>de</strong>veloped” (2004: 157).<br />

tuur en verbon<strong>de</strong>nheid is <strong>voor</strong> ‘overbelasten’ zo’n <strong>voor</strong>waar<strong>de</strong>. Ook heeft <strong>de</strong> <strong>Raad</strong><br />

<strong>in</strong> <strong>de</strong> rapporten De verzorg<strong>in</strong>gsstaat herwogen en I<strong>de</strong>ntificatie met Ne<strong>de</strong>rland een<br />

pleidooi gehou<strong>de</strong>n om <strong>de</strong> opdracht tot verb<strong>in</strong><strong>de</strong>n als één van <strong>de</strong> lei<strong>de</strong>n<strong>de</strong> pr<strong>in</strong>cipes<br />

van <strong>het</strong> on<strong>de</strong>rwijsbeleid te hanteren. Het betreft hier overigens niet zozeer verb<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>g<br />

tussen leraar en leerl<strong>in</strong>g, maar tussen leerl<strong>in</strong>gen on<strong>de</strong>rl<strong>in</strong>g. Dit is een thema<br />

waarop we <strong>in</strong> paragraaf 8.3. nog uitgebreid terugkomen.<br />

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