Decree-law no. 3347, in <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> Official Gazette, October 5, 1940; and no. 3810 in <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> Official Gazette, November 17, 1940, in L.A., no. 39, pp. 144-147. Radu Ioanid, Evreii sub regimul Ant<strong>on</strong>escu (Bucharest: Hasefer, 1997), p. 34. Trei ani de guvernare, September 6, 1940-September 6, 1943 (Bucharest, 1944), p. 144. Decree-law no. 2507, September 3, 1941, in L.A., no. 46, pp. 164-165. Trei ani de guvernare, p. 145. L.A., no. 73, pp. 227-228. L.A., no. 13, pp. 68-69. Problema evreiască în stenogramele C<strong>on</strong>siliului de miniştri, 1940-1944, ed., Lya Benjamin (Bucharest: Hasefer, 1996), no. 60, p. 168 (hereafter: Benjamin, Stenograme). L.A., no. 28, pp. 101-103. Ibid., p. 101. L.A., no. 28, p.101. Titus Dragoş, supra, p. 52. Ibid., supra, p. 52. L.A., no. 62, pp. 195-198. Supra, footnote 56. Decree-law no. 533 <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> March 3, 1941, loc. cit., no. 32, pp. 117-119. Jean Ancel, C<strong>on</strong>tributii la istoria Romaniei. Problema evreiasca, trans. Carol Bienes (Bucharest: Hasefer, 2001), vol. 1, part 2 (1933-1944): p. 68. Curierul Israelit, Organul Uniunii Evreilor Romani, vol. 34, series 2, no. 3 (October 1, 1944), p. 6. A. Simi<strong>on</strong>, Preliminarii politico-diplomatice ale insurectiei romane <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> August 1944, Editura Dacia, Cluj Napoca, 1979, p. 122. ANIC f<strong>on</strong>d <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> Ministerul de Justiţie. Direcţia Judiciară, file 154/1942, filele 1-2. L.A., doc.11, p.64-65. L.A., no. 11, p. 64-65. L.A., doc. 17, p. 79-81. L.A., no. 22, p. 21-22. See M<strong>on</strong>itorul Oficial, March 1, 1941, no. 51, p. 260. M<strong>on</strong>itorul Oficial, no. 62, March 14, 1941, p. 530. L.A., p.138. Ibid. L.A., no. 39, pp. 144-147. L.A., no. 52, pp. 175-177. L.A., no. 70, p. 222. L.A., no. 83, pp. 253-255. M<strong>on</strong>itorul Oficial, no.100, April 30, 1941. Dragoş, supra, p. 78. Curierul Israelit, loc. cit. Ibid. Stenograme, p. 199-200. Curierul Israelit, loc. cit. Curierul Israelit, loc. cit. Simi<strong>on</strong>, Preliminarii, p. 119. L.A., no. 35, pp. 122-131. Decree-law no. 903, October 9, 1941, in Official Gazette, no. 240, October 10, 1941, p. 6079.
L.A., no. 99, p. 344. Trei ani de guvernare, p. 146. Ibid. L.A., no. 67, p. 217-220. L.A., no. 82, p. 252-253. L.A., appendix, pp. 429-485. L.A., no. 99, p. 345. Decree-law no. 231, February 2, 1944, in L.A., no. 86, pp. 259-261. Ancel, p. 51. F<strong>on</strong>dul de fise individuale completate in cadrul anchetei organizate de C<strong>on</strong>gresul M<strong>on</strong>dial Evreiesc intre anii 1945-1947 in legatura cu pierderile suferite de populatia evreiasc din Romania in anii prigoanei. Unregistered document, Archive <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> CSIER. Resoluti<strong>on</strong> no. 42181, L.A., no. 6, pp. 57-58. Resoluti<strong>on</strong> no. 44400, September 21, 1940, L.A., no. 10, p. 63. Decree-law no. 3294, October 1940, and Decree-law no. 3275, November 28, 1941, in L.A., no. 11, pp. 64-65 and no. 52, pp. 175-177. Decree-law no. 3487, October 16, 1940, in L.A., no. 15, pp. 71-73. See paragraph entitled, “Caracterul rasial al legislatiei antievreiesti.” L.A., no. 16, pp. 74-82. L.A., p. 363. L.A., no. 16, pp. 74-82. Stenograme, no.169, p.74-82. Decree-law no. 3789, November 12, 1940, in L.A., no. 19, pp. 85-88. Ioanid, Evreii sub regimul Ant<strong>on</strong>escu, pp.40. Hotararea C<strong>on</strong>siliului Colegiului Inginerilor, February 3, 1942, in L.A., no. 58, pp. 191-192. Decizia Presedentiei C<strong>on</strong>siliului de Ministri no. 17 <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> June 15, 1943, in L.A., no. 76, p. 242. Decree-law no. 1981 <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> July 10, 1942, in L.A., no. 68, pp. 220-221; Decizia Ministerului Muncii, Sănătăţii şi Ocrotirilor Sociale no. 97484 <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> March 8, 1941, in L.A., no. 34, p. 121-122. Matatias Carp, in <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> archive <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> CSIER. Supra, fn. 85. Directive no. 38811, January 5, 1942, in L.A., no. 55, p. 181-183. L.A., no. 85, p. 256-257. L.A., no. 14, p. 70-71. Decree-law <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> February 20, 1941, see Carp, list, CSIER Archive. Memorandum, September 22, 1944, in L.A., no. 101, pp. 351-358. Eliza Campus, Viata evreilor din Bucureşti. 1940-1944. M<strong>on</strong>ografie, dactilograma, Archive <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> CSIER, file 5. Supra, fn. 89. Supra fn. 6. Resoluti<strong>on</strong> no. 42352, September 9, 1940, in L.A., nos. 7, pp. 58-59. See Decisi<strong>on</strong> no. 43832. Decree-law no. 846; see Carp, list, CSIER. Decree-law no. 3415 <strong>on</strong> December 16, 1941, in L.A., no. 53, p. 178. Carp, list, CSIER. Supra, fn. 6. Stenograme, doc.22, p.62.
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Final Repo
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Germany’s war against the
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which includes reputed experts led
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BACKGROUND AND PRECURSORS TO THE HO
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against which antisemites in <stron
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declaring in the p
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them. Thus, he con
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We must organize ourselves for a wa
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ureaucracy of wart
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this direction by Nicolae C. Paules
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promising leader of</strong
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organized a tariff and tax strike.
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Legion of
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less so in Romanian society as a wh
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This ambiguous, self-contradictory
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The Gigurtu government began to con
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The Case of Român
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Cuza’s argument that it is possib
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Românesc,” Sociologie Româneasc
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ole in the early 1
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European states, notably Romania an
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Germany's immediate interests at <s
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eligious communities, the</
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counterpart, “when [he] first met
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de Istorie şi Arheologie, “A. D.
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Romania. Muler to Luthe</st
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demands on territorial revisions an
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military mission to come to Romania
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High Command, informing the
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The Jews and the R
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Romanian army. Thus, in Ciudei in <
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antisemitism in Romanian society an
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Ibid., fond Micro-films, roll I.II,
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manifestations of
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power, as this power colonized West
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attraction, many Jews resettled in
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to defend itself; hence its support
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about the Holocaus
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Nichifor Crainic, “Dupa douazeci
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Isaia Tolan, “Revizuirea incetate
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X. Y. Z., “Rezolvarea problemei e
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andom searches and arrests, robberi
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Bucharest Prefectura. Almost two th
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epression was not ordered by Antone
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from villages and small towns. On J
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accident; it was contrived by <stro
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The second train to leave Iasi for
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care of th
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"premilitary," were also placed at
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according to the o
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Tighina Agreement On August 30, Tra
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elieved Transnistria would be occup
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Huedin. The Jews of</strong
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authorities set up two ghettos in <
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Secuilor counties was carried out i
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the procedure foll
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deportation trains per day. While E
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Deportation Trains from Nor
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Câtcău Kackó Ciuc Csík Ciucea C
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Rona de Sus Felsöróna Rozavica Ro
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Bözödújfalu Bezidu Nou Budfalva
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Nagysajó Şieu (Bistrita-Nasaud Co
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(Indictment of Naz
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Randolph L. Braham, comp. and ed. (
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perceived by a significant part <st
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Romanian government not to adopt <s
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still alive in the
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the Jews who worke
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We have been informed that various
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church bells announce the</
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Mitropolit pleaded with Mihai Anton
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Pozdnyakova, Yefrosiniya Starostina
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Ibid., pp. 224-225. Ibid., pp. 46-4
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the examined cases
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escape with negligible punishment;
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immense scale, enslaved millions <s
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means. The “ethnic Christian stat
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it is evident that the</str
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face să pară evident că victimel
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viaţă, 100 milioane lei amendă
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Articolul 15 al Convenţiei de armi
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members accepted as authoritative s
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camp in January 1945, for several m
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Beginning in the 1
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such access was strictly supervised
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enefit from translation into Englis
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furthermore, he ha
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lucrative Jewish business ever,”
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deaths of thousand
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Treptow who was residing in Romania
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Finally, it must b
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A.) Integral Negationism Although <
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other genocides re
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mankind, such as wars; the<
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age of 44, only on
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After deploring the</strong
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Michael Shafir, “Ex Occidente Obs
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See, for example, Giurescu who make
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Randolph L. Braham, Romanian Nation
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Mediafax, March 18, 2002, Monitorul
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See Ibidem, pp. 3, 54-55. Ibidem, p
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Radu Theodoru, Mareşalul, Editura
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egained from the U
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was a record of an
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secondary school use. Those institu
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including erecting statues, mountin