Tsurkan, Peotr Tsurkan, Yevgeniya Savchuk, Makar Savchuk, Akseniya Peotr and Yevgeniya Tsurkan lived in <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> village <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> Bulayeshty, Orgeyev district. In December 1941, <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g>y took into <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g>ir home a Jewish family, Tselnik, from <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> town <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> Grigoriopol. For several m<strong>on</strong>ths, <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> Tselniks stayed in <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> cellar or <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> attic, and at <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> end <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> summer <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> 1942, <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g>y were moved to <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> home <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> Makar and Akseniya Savchuk, relatives <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> Tsurkans, who lived in <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> same village. --------- Michael Shafir, “Marshal Ant<strong>on</strong>escu’s Post-Communist Rehabilitati<strong>on</strong>: Cui B<strong>on</strong>o,” in The Destructi<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> Romanian and Ukrainian Jews during <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> Ant<strong>on</strong>escu Era, ed. Randolph Braham (New York, 1997), pp. 349-410. Marius Mircu, Din nou şapte momente - din istoria evreilor în România: Oameni de omenie, în vremuri de neomenie (Tel Aviv: Glob, 1987), 190 pp. Writen in a journalistic style <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> book does not provide a critical examinati<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> documentary sources used in <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> evaluati<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> described events. Le<strong>on</strong> Volovici, “The Victim as Eyewitness: Jewish Intellectual Diaries during <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> Ant<strong>on</strong>escu Period,” in The Destructi<strong>on</strong>, ed. Randolph L. Braham, pp. 195-213; Andrei Pippidi, “Dictatorship and Oppositi<strong>on</strong> in Wartime Romania,” paper presented at <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, May 20, 2004. Jean Ancel, C<strong>on</strong>tribuţii la istoria României: Problema evreiască, 1933-1944 (Bucharest, Hasefer, 2002), vol. 2, part 2: pp. 243-254. Nicuşor Graur, In preajma altei lumi… (Bucharest, 1946), pp. 158. Jean Ancel, ed., Documents C<strong>on</strong>cerning <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> Fate <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> Romanian Jewry during <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> Holocaust (Jerusalem, 1986), vol. 10: no. 131, pp. 354-355; Lya Benjamin, ed., Problema evreiască în stenogramele C<strong>on</strong>siliului de Miniştri (Bucharest: Hasefer, 1996), no. 179, pp.535-541. Dumitru Hîncu, Un licăr în beznă: Acţiuni necunoscute ale diplomaţiei române (Bucharest, 1997). Adrian Radu-Cernea, Pogromul de la Iaşi. Depoziţie de martor (Bucharest: Hasefer), 2002, p. 66. Marius Mircu, op. cit., p. 37. Dimitrie Olenici, “Un protector al evreilor: <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g>iţerul român I.D. Popescu,” Studia et Acta Historiae Iudaeorum Romaniae 7 (2002): pp. 353-376. Radu Ioanid, Evreii sub regimul Ant<strong>on</strong>escu (Bucuresti, 1998), p. 183. Letter <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> Anna Pal, Yad Vashem Archives, file no. 6540. Randolph L. Braham, Romanian Nati<strong>on</strong>alists and <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> Holocaust: The Political Exploitati<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> Unfounded Rescue Accounts (New York, 1998), pp. 95-119; Zoltán Tibori Szabó, Élet és halál mezsgyéjén. Zsidók menekülése és mentése a magyar-román határ<strong>on</strong> 1940-1944 között (Between Life and Death: The Escape and Rescue <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> Jews across <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> Hungarian-Romanian Border between 1940-1944) (Cluj-Napoca, 2001). Traian Popovici, Spovedania unei c<strong>on</strong>ştiinţe, in Matatias Carp, Cartea Neagra (Bucharest, 1946), vol. 3: pp. 150-181. Marius Mircu, Oameni de omenie în vremuri de neomenie (Bucharest: Hasefer, 1996), p.210. Ibid., pp. 212-213. Ibid., p. 213. Ibid., p. 122. M<strong>on</strong>itorul <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g>ficial, no. 164, July 14, 1941. Arhiva SRI, f<strong>on</strong>d Documentar, dos. 3.116, f. 14. Marius Mircu, op. cit., p.215. Ibid., p. 216.
Ibid., pp. 224-225. Ibid., pp. 46-47. Ibid., p. 123. Ibid., pp. 185-192. Ibid., pp. 134-143. Ibid., pp. 50-56. Ibid., pp. 82-83. Marius Mircu, op. cit., pp. 103-104. Radu Ioanid, op. cit., p. 167. Ibid. Ibid., pp. 192-194. A.N.I.C. f<strong>on</strong>d Inspectoratul General al Jandarmeriei, dosar 121/1943, fila 287; dosar 79/1943, fila 347; dosar 78/1943, filele 42, 191. Arh. SRI, f<strong>on</strong>d Documentar, dos. 3.118, f. 225; dos. 3.116, f. 14 Lya Benjamin, “Realitatea evreiască,” no. 5, May 1995. Adrian Radu-Cernea, Pogromul de la Iaşi. Depoziţie de martor (Bucharest: Hasefer, 2002), p. 66. Ibid. Radu Ioanid, Evreii sub regimul Ant<strong>on</strong>escu (Bucharest: Hasefer, 1998), p. 101. Iorgu Iordan, Memorii (Bucharest: Eminescu, 1977), vol. 2: p. 328. Marius Mircu, op. cit., p. 27. Ibid., p. 30. Ibid., p. 60. Emil Dorian, Jurnal din vremuri de prigoană. 1937–1944, ed. Marguerite Dorian (Bucharest: Hasefer, 1996). Marius Mircu, op. cit, p. 87. Ibid., pp. 157-182. Arh. SRI, f<strong>on</strong>d Documentar, dos. 3.118, ff. 225-226. Tudor Teodorecu-Braniste, Jurnalul de dimineata, January 25, 1945. Marius Mircu, op. cit., pp. 153–154. Marcu Rozen, 60 de ani de la deportarea evreilor din România în Transnistria (Bucharest: Matrix Rom, 2001), p. 76. Ibid., p. 51. Marius Mircu, op. cit., pp. 103-105 Ibid., p.91. Ibid., pp. 96-99. Ibid., pp. 99-100. Ibid., p. 101. Ibid., p. 110. Ibid., pp. 101-102. Ibid., p. 102. Marcu Rozen, op.cit., p. 110. Braham, The Politics <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> Genocide, I, p.631, II, pp. 1191-1192. Moshe Carmilly-Weinberger, Istoria evreilor din Transilvania (1623-1944) (Bucharest: Editura Enciclopedica, 1994), p. 175.The existence <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> this appeal is disputed by Pr<str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g>essor Braham in Romanian Nati<strong>on</strong>alists and <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> Holocaust (New York: Columbia University Press, 1998), pp.207-208. Mircu, op. cit., p. 102.
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Final Repo
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Germany’s war against the
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which includes reputed experts led
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BACKGROUND AND PRECURSORS TO THE HO
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against which antisemites in <stron
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declaring in the p
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them. Thus, he con
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We must organize ourselves for a wa
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ureaucracy of wart
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this direction by Nicolae C. Paules
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promising leader of</strong
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organized a tariff and tax strike.
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Legion of
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less so in Romanian society as a wh
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This ambiguous, self-contradictory
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The Gigurtu government began to con
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The Case of Român
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Cuza’s argument that it is possib
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Românesc,” Sociologie Româneasc
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ole in the early 1
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European states, notably Romania an
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Germany's immediate interests at <s
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eligious communities, the</
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counterpart, “when [he] first met
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de Istorie şi Arheologie, “A. D.
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Romania. Muler to Luthe</st
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demands on territorial revisions an
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military mission to come to Romania
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High Command, informing the
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The Jews and the R
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Romanian army. Thus, in Ciudei in <
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antisemitism in Romanian society an
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Ibid., fond Micro-films, roll I.II,
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manifestations of
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power, as this power colonized West
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attraction, many Jews resettled in
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to defend itself; hence its support
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about the Holocaus
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Nichifor Crainic, “Dupa douazeci
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Isaia Tolan, “Revizuirea incetate
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X. Y. Z., “Rezolvarea problemei e
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andom searches and arrests, robberi
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Bucharest Prefectura. Almost two th
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epression was not ordered by Antone
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from villages and small towns. On J
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accident; it was contrived by <stro
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The second train to leave Iasi for
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care of th
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"premilitary," were also placed at
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according to the o
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Tighina Agreement On August 30, Tra
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elieved Transnistria would be occup
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the 331,000 Ukrain
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those inside to take the</s
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[longer] move.” After several wee
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eappear a few seconds later and sig
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operation and that “some
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Bukovina and Bessarabia. Einsatzkom
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other things, <str
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Berezovka district and burn <strong
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them in exchange f
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transport of 2,000
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Bulgarian, Turkish, Italian, or Swi
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were at least 122,000 Jews. Bukovin
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Wilhelm Hoettl, The Secret Front: T
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Ancel, Documents, vol. 2: no. 136,
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Carp, Cartea neagra, vol. 3: pp. 30
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Gosudartsveni Archiv Odeskoi Oblast
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Cable from the Mil
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1-1087, p. 114; list of</st
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Ibid. “Rezolvarea problemei evrei
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child’s birth, would be considere
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Indeed, the system
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Romanianization instead of<
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The Cultural Ghettoization
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The Status of Jewi
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give up any radios able to send and
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Conclusions The anti-Jewish legisla
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L.A., no. 99, p. 344. Trei ani de g
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moral, social, and intellectual nee
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gradually, in reality the</
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except being defined as a Jew. I be
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egulate and authorize, under <stron
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y Lecca: Jews were privileged, and
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through the activi
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oth as a cry of re
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After coming to power, the<
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and then to send <
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their non-evacuate
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villages of <stron
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Return of Roma Sur
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(in many cases, the</strong
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in Romania. History and Contemporar
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THE ROLE OF ION ANTONESCU IN THE PL
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December 16, 1941, meeting
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me from carrying out the</s
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did not do it because…the
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See, for example, Giurescu who make
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Randolph L. Braham, Romanian Nation
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Mediafax, March 18, 2002, Monitorul
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See Ibidem, pp. 3, 54-55. Ibidem, p
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Radu Theodoru, Mareşalul, Editura
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egained from the U
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was a record of an
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secondary school use. Those institu
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including erecting statues, mountin