Final Report of the International Commission on the - Minority Rights ...

The Case <strong>of</strong> Românian Intellectuals in <strong>the</strong> 1930’s (Oxford, Pergamon Press, 1991), pp.10-13; G.
Ibraileanu, Spiritul critic în cultura Românească, 3rd. Ed. (Bucureşti, 1929), pp.153-192; and for an Iron
Guard perspective published after World War II, D. Murăraşu, Naţionalismul lui Eminescu (Madrid,
Editura Carpaţii, 1955), esp. pp. 183-202. In many respects, Eminescu’s opinions were similar to those <strong>of</strong>
nationalist poets in o<strong>the</strong>r European countries in this era.
See A.D. Xenopol, “La Question Israelite en Roumanie,” La Renaissance Latine, October 15, 1902,
pp.165-192; and “Naţionalism şi Antisemitism,” Noua Revista Română, Vol. V, pp.277-280.
N. Iorga, Problema evreiască la Cameră (Valenii-de-Munte, Tipografia Neamul Românesc, 1910).
Parliamentary speech “În chestia manifestatiilor studenţeşti: Ce Represintă Adevărul,” December
17, 1909, published in N. Iorga, Doăa Cuvîntari în chestia muncitorilor/în chestia agitaţiilor evreieşti
(Vălenii-de-Munte, Tipografia Neamul Românesc, 1910), p. 48.
Iorga’s relationship with A.C. Cuza preceded creation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Nationalistic Democratic Party. In 1906
Cuza was writing articles for Iorga’s journal Neamul Românesc; see Enciclopedia Cugetarea, Bucharest,
Georgescu Delafras, 1940. Iorga expressed his opinions about Cuza and his political activity in several
<strong>of</strong> his books. See, for example, N. Iorga Istoria Românilor – Întregitorii, vol.10, Bucharest, 1938, pp.305,
460, 489-493; and N. Iorga, Supt trei Regi, second edition, Bucharest, 1932, p.77. See also William O.
Oldson, The Historical and Nationalistic Thought <strong>of</strong> Nicolae Iorga (Boulder, East European
Quarterly/Columbia University Press, 1973), pp.84-88.
On Iorga’s shifting attitudes, see Volovici, op.cit., passim; and Oldson, op.cit.
N. Iorga, Iudaica (Bucureşti, Bucovina E. Toroutiu, 1937).
Antisemitic violence broke out in Bucharest and Braila immediately after <strong>the</strong> withdrawal <strong>of</strong> German
troops in November 1918, and occurred in different localities with regularity throughout <strong>the</strong> interwar
period; see, for example, Andrei Pippidi, Despre statui şi morminte, Iasi, 2000. For a description <strong>of</strong>
developments under National Liberal and National Peasantist governments, see chapter 6 in Carol Iancu,
Les juifs en Roumanie, 1919-1938: De l’emancipation a la marginalisation (Paris-Louvain, E. Peeters,
1996).
For a short analysis <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> economic issue by one <strong>of</strong> România’s leading interwar sociologists, see
Stefan Zeletin, “Finanţa si Antisemitismul,” in his Neoliberalismul, originally published in 1927,
republished (Bucureşti, Editura Nemira, 1997). For <strong>the</strong> classic discussion <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> peasant uprising <strong>of</strong>
1907, see Radu Rosetti, Pentru ce s’au răsculat ţăranii (Bucureşti, Atelierele grafice SOCEC, 1907);
Rosetti, writing under <strong>the</strong> pseudonym Verax, had published four years earlier La Roumanie et les Juifs
(Bucarest, I.V. SOCECU, 1903), a detailed study <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> status <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Jews in România that focused
attention on <strong>the</strong> direct contact between Jews and <strong>the</strong> Românian peasantry and called for continued denial
<strong>of</strong> citizenship rights to <strong>the</strong> Jews. For a modern analysis, see Philip G. Eidelberg, The Great Rumanian
Peasant Revolt <strong>of</strong> 1907 (Leiden, E.J. Brill, 1974).
“Lege pentru utilizarea personalului românesc în întreprinderi” (Bucureşti, Monitorul Oficial si
Imprimeriile Statului, 1934).
On <strong>the</strong> Tătărescu government and <strong>the</strong> restrictive measures introduced in 1937, see Iancu, Les Juifs en
Roumanie, op.cit., pp.295-303.
For useful definitions and distinctions between <strong>the</strong> “conservative Right,” “radical Right,” and
“reactionary Right,” see Eugen Weber, “The Right,” in Hans Rogger and Eugen Weber, Eds., The
European Right: A Historical Pr<strong>of</strong>ile (Berkeley and Los Angeles, University <strong>of</strong> California Press, 1966),
pp.1-28.
Armin Heinen, Legiunea Arhanghelului Mihail – o contribuţie la problema fascismului internaţional,
Bucharest, Humanitas, 1999, pp.314-319 (original in German: Die Legion Erzengel Michael in
Rumanien – Soziale Bewegung und politische Organization, Muenchen, R. Oldenbourg, 1986. Also