Final Report of the International Commission on the - Minority Rights ...
Final Report of the International Commission on the - Minority Rights ...
Final Report of the International Commission on the - Minority Rights ...
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Românesc,” Sociologie Româneasca, II:11-12 (November-December 1937), pp.512-526.<br />
On <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> King’s motivati<strong>on</strong> to call <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> PNC to govern, see Shapiro, “Prelude...,” loc.cit. The quote is<br />
from A.L. Easterman, King Carol, Hitler and Lupescu (L<strong>on</strong>d<strong>on</strong>, 1942), p.101.<br />
As cited in Jerome et Jean Tharaud, L’Envoyee de l’archange (Paris, Librairie Pl<strong>on</strong>, 1939), p.186.<br />
On <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> PNC government’s antisemitic decrees and ord<strong>on</strong>ances, <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g>ir effects, and <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> reacti<strong>on</strong>s <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g>y<br />
evoked inside România and abroad, see Ancel, C<strong>on</strong>tribuţii…, op.cit., pp.65-84; Iancu, Les juifs en<br />
Roumanie, op.cit., pp.303-13; and Shapiro, “Prelude...,” loc.cit., pp.72-74. Once it had been seized, <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g><br />
Jewish Center was turned over to <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> Metropolitan Church <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> Bucovina.<br />
For <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> Government’s referat and <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> text <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> decree, see Lya Benjamin, Ed., Evreii din România<br />
între anii 1940-1944, Vol.I, Legislaţia Antievreiască (Bucureşti, Editura Hasefer, 1993), pp.25-32.<br />
See Ancel, C<strong>on</strong>tribuţii…, op.cit., p.81; and <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g>ficial report Studiu asupra problemei evreieşti în<br />
România, 1942, from which his statistics are drawn, in Jean Ancel, Ed., Documents C<strong>on</strong>cerning <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> Fate<br />
<str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> Românian Jewry during <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> Holocaust (Jerusalem, Beate Klarsfeld Foundati<strong>on</strong>, 1986), Vol.10, Nr.<br />
107, p.255. Iancu provides slightly different statistics in Iancu, Les juifs en Roumanie, op.cit., p.312. An<br />
<str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g>ficial tabulati<strong>on</strong> presented under <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> Royal Dictatorship appeared in M<strong>on</strong>itorul Oficial, November 24,<br />
1939, cited in part in Benjamin, Legislaţia Antievreiască, op.cit., pp.33-36.<br />
Shapiro, “Prelude...,” loc.cit., pp.73-75.<br />
Ciano’s Hidden Diary, 1937-1938, trans. By Andreas Mayor (New York, 1953), p.62, entry <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g><br />
January 7, 1938.<br />
Documents <strong>on</strong> German Foreign Policy, 1918-1945 (DGFP), Series D (Washingt<strong>on</strong>, 1957- 66), Vol.V,<br />
Document 157, Memorandum <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> Presidential Chancellery, January 1, 1938.<br />
Heinburg <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> Foreign Ministry to War Ministry, Abteilung Ausland, January 3, 1938; and Foreign<br />
Ministry to Presidential Chancellery and Reich Chancellery, January 5, 1938; in Captured German<br />
Documents, U.S. Nati<strong>on</strong>al Archives Microcopy Number T-120, series 1945, frame 435399-400 and<br />
435408. Also DGFP, Series D, Vol.V, Document 164, Chief <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> Reich Chancellery to Foreign Minister,<br />
January 18, 1938.<br />
Andreas Hillgruber, Hitler, K<strong>on</strong>ig Carol und Marschall Ant<strong>on</strong>escu–Die Deutsch- Rumanische<br />
Beziehungen, 1938-1944 (Wiesbaden, Franz Steiner Verlag, 1954), p.16; and Fabricius to Foreign<br />
Ministry, February 12, 1938, in Captured German Documents, U.S. Nati<strong>on</strong>al Archives Microcopy<br />
Number T-120, series 1988, frame 440988-997.<br />
ISISP, Studii privind politica externă a României (Bucureşti, 1969), p.201.<br />
Fabricius to Foreign Ministry, February 9, 1938, in Captured German Documents, U.S. Nati<strong>on</strong>al<br />
Archives Microcopy Number T-120, series 1988, frame 440972-975.<br />
Nagy-Talavera, op.cit., p.295.<br />
On Goga’s anger and his own claim to have served as intermediary, see <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> account by Michel<br />
Sturdza, future Ir<strong>on</strong> Guard foreign minister in <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> Nati<strong>on</strong>al Legi<strong>on</strong>ary State, in Michel Sturdza, The<br />
Suicide <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> Europe (Bost<strong>on</strong>, Western Islands Publishers, 1968), pp.104-05. On <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> Goga- Codreanu<br />
agreement, see Weber, “România,” loc.cit, p.551; Fabricius to Foreign Ministry, February 9, 1938, in<br />
Captured German Documents, U.S. Nati<strong>on</strong>al Archives Microcopy Number T- 120, series 1988, frame<br />
440972-975; and Shapiro, “Prelude...” pp.83-84. Codreanu’s order to <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> Ir<strong>on</strong> Guard to cease electoral<br />
activity is in a Manifesto dated February 8, 1937, in Corneliu Zelea Codreanu, Circulări şi Manifeste<br />
(Colecţia Omul Nou, 1951), pp.232-33.<br />
“Brief <str<strong>on</strong>g>Report</str<strong>on</strong>g> <strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> Activities <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> APA <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> NSDAP from 1933 to 1943,” loc.cit., p.40.<br />
Blood Bath in Rumania (New York, The Record, 1942), p.33.<br />
Nagy-Talavera, op.cit., p.328-29.<br />
Numerous scholarly studies <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> Ir<strong>on</strong> Guard exist, and an abundance <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> ideological, historical and