The Judgment of Animals in Classical Greece: Animal Sculpture and ...

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Aristophanes, Lysistrata 1203-1215 V B.C. Text and translation: J. Henderson, ed., tr., Aristophanes. Birds. Lysistrata. Women at the Thesmophoria (Cambridge, Mass. and London, 2000). XOROS ei0 de/ tw| mh_ si=toj u(mw~n e0sti, bo&skei d' oi0ke/taj kai\ smikra_ polla_ paidi/a, 1205 e1sti par' e0mou~ labei=n puri/dia lepta_ me/n, o( d' a1rtoj a)po_ xoi/nikoj i0- dei=n ma&la neani/aj. 1210 3Ostij ou}n bou&letai tw~n penh&twn i1tw ei0j e0mou~ sa&kouj e1xwn kai\ kwru&kouj: w(j lh&yetai purou&j. 9O ma- nh~j d' ou(mo_j au)toi=j e0mbalei=. pro&j ge me/ntoi th_n qu&ran proagoreu&w mh_ badi/zein th_n e0mh&n, a)ll' 1215 eu)labei=sqai th_n ku&na. CHORUS If anyone’s out of bread but has slaves to feed and lots of little kids, you can get flour from my house— puny grains, true, but a pound of them grow up to be a loaf that’s very hearty to see. And of the poor are welcome to come to my house with sacks and bags to carry the flour away; my houseboy will pour it in for them. A warning though: Don’t come to my door— beware of the watchdog there! 42 Aristophanes, Pax 19-28 V B.C. Text and translation: J. Henderson, ed., tr., Aristophanes. Clouds. Wasps. Peace (Cambridge, Mass. and London, 1998). OIKETHS B & nh_ to_n Di/' e0j ko&raka&j ge, kai\ sauto&n ge pro&j. 20 u(mw~n de/ g' ei1 tij oi]de/ moi kateipa&tw po&qen a2n priai/mhn r(i=na mh_ tetrhme/nhn. 352
ou)de\n ga_r e1rgon h}n a1r' a)qliw&teron h2 kanqa&rw| ma&ttonta pare/xein e0sqi/ein. u{j me\n ga&r, w3sper a2n xe/sh| tij, h2 ku&wn 25 fau&lwj e0rei/dei tou~q': o( d' u(po_ fronh&matoj brenqu&etai/ te kai\ fagei=n ou)k a)cioi=, h2n mh_ paraqw~ tri/yaj di' h(me/raj o3lhj w3sper gunaiki\ goggu&lhn memagme/nhn. SECOND SLAVE By heaven, you can take it to hell, and yourself with it! (to the spectators) If any of you knows where I can buy an unperforated nose, please tell me! Because there’s no job more wretched than kneading food to serve to a beetle. A pig or a dog will simply gobble up any shit that falls, but this conceited thing puts on airs and won’t deign to eat anything that I don’t spend the whole day mashing and serve kneaded into a ball, as for a lady. 43 Aristophanes, Plutus 594-597 Text: V. Coulon and H. van Daele, eds., Aristophane V (Paris, 1930; repr. 1963). Translation: A. H. Sommerstein, ed., tr., Wealth (The Comedies of Aristophanes 11; Warminster, 2001). XREMULOS Para_ th~j 9Eka&thj e1cestin tou~to puqe/sqai, 595 ei1te to_ ploutei=n ei1te to_ peinh~n be/ltion. Fhsi\ ga_r au3th tou_j me\n e1xontaj kai\ ploutou~ntaj dei=pnon kata_ mh~n' a)pope/mpein, tou_j de\ pe/nhtaj tw~n a)nqrw&pwn a(rpa&zein pri\n kataqei=nai. CHREMYLUS You can get the answer from Hecate as to whether it is better to be rich or to be hungry. She says that the “haves,” the rich, offer her a dinner every month, but the poor people snatch it away before it’s even set down! 44 Aristophanes, Plutus 1100-1105 Text: V. Coulon and H. van Daele, eds., Aristophane V (Paris, 1930; repr. 1963). Translation: A. H. Sommerstein, ed., tr., Wealth (The Comedies of Aristophanes 11; Warminster, 2001). KARIWN 353
Page 1 and 2:
The Judgment of Animals in Classica
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the meaning of the term zw|~on—us
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Table of Contents Acknowledgments .
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Section 2 a. Dogs Stealing and Gobb
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Acknowledgements First and foremost
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Introduction It is generally though
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of their art while maintaining awar
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connection between animals and life
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Chapter three, “The Classical Gre
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turn, shaped by contemporary ideas
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with the animal kingdom. 5 Regardin
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The examples just cited show that r
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studying freestanding statues of li
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particular, has dominated twentieth
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Regarding classical antiquity, the
Page 31 and 32:
their grip, for a “tooth” on ea
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discussion of the sculpture to whic
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them. Consequently the Athenians wi
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subjects on the basis of which arti
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of the later (Hellenistic) developm
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The theory that naturalism played t
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we have seen or sensed in the past,
Page 45 and 46:
valued criterion of judging works o
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more accurate observation and rende
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judged by the ancient Greeks? As su
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is still central to his argument, b
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wars, the symmetry of their tense p
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Archaic and Classical phases, follo
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the acquired skill of craftsmanship
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prevalence of naturalism in his vie
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The statement shows clearly that Bo
Page 63 and 64:
of Kollytos in the Athenian Keramei
Page 65 and 66:
Having expressed this idea, he pres
Page 67 and 68:
5. Not Naturalism and Realism. The
Page 69 and 70:
animals, but rather highlights thei
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instead of a message highlights the
Page 73 and 74:
quality of Cleiton’s statues, or,
Page 75 and 76:
valuable guide to the ancient inter
Page 77 and 78:
importance of these notions in defi
Page 79 and 80:
made of bronze, if Myron had worked
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first century A.D., the statue pres
Page 83 and 84:
lifelikeness of the statue, in quit
Page 85 and 86:
Wilt thou not lead me into the hous
Page 87 and 88:
a real animal might act in the real
Page 89 and 90:
The fourth epigram, an anonymous, a
Page 91 and 92:
In the fourth epigram, also an anon
Page 93 and 94:
mistaken a bronze cow for a real on
Page 95 and 96:
The statue proclaims its lifelikene
Page 97 and 98:
and the man leading it, and the wom
Page 99 and 100:
orrowed voice, the boundary between
Page 101 and 102:
oundary between lifeless art and re
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had made a success of that as well,
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eference to the error of the Pliny
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form of equine connoisseurship resp
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Chapter 2: Representations of Anima
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markers of both sexes.” 138 He ca
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little in the way of explanation. I
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een noted, a confluence of three di
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The Possibility of Influence from B
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“in the later fifth and fourth ce
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speaking of the style of Classical
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It is perhaps Xenophon’s use of t
Page 125 and 126:
William Brown suggests that this pa
Page 127 and 128:
the expense of realism, or to a com
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B.C. 178 Although not described in
Page 131 and 132:
inconsistent style. That of Vermeul
Page 133 and 134:
and degrees in which this combinati
Page 135 and 136:
2. Two Cases Studies: The Lion and
Page 137 and 138:
just as odd a man and the beast doe
Page 139 and 140:
The Motif of the Lion Holding the H
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ehavior, the description of Hector
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Despite its unclear authorship and
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animals and have the softest hair;
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with it. He provides this descripti
Page 149 and 150:
Further, Willemsen’s observation
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The body of the Kerameikos hound ap
Page 153 and 154:
that the author of the Physiognomic
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Those [animals] who have thin lips
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knowledge of the dog mating with ot
Page 159 and 160:
serve their arrangement in Classica
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Chapter 3: The Classical Greek Cont
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SECTION 1 a. Dogs Living in the Hou
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eferring first to the human family
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Aristotle’s Politics, so pervasiv
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that of a dog: his location on the
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In contrast to this suggestion, Joh
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Aeschylus’s intention to liken th
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thing is possible then,” said I,
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If anyone’s out of bread but has
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c. Molossian Dogs as Guardians of t
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incident, Aegeas was a ferocious Mo
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Aristotle indicates that Molossian
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untrustworthy animal. So pervasive
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the dog’s stealing of food within
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mythological dogs, such as those of
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Cleon of embezzling money while cam
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Although not provoked by the act of
Page 195 and 196:
Apart from labeling dogs as indiscr
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190 B.C.), and cited in Athenaeus
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Detienne and Vernant that wisdom an
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egarding mh~tij, the canine behavio
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e. The Savage Nature of Dogs Histor
Page 205 and 206:
The textual evidence discussed in t
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efers to some countries as consumer
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living together with humans brings
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example, states that “these lines
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and thus poor men. 317 On the basis
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with dog flesh. 322 Further, on the
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flesh as medicinal food notwithstan
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ordinary food, but is not connected
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2. Disease of the Back Similar to t
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ensured only if one is willing to
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The literary evidence contained in
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practice of eating dog meat indicat
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product of an artistic process,”
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Georgopapadakos. 344 On the basis o
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that is Friendship. They made her k
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assume that they referred to images
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the meaning of zw|~on in the fifth
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tendency not to distinguish between
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zw|~a. Thus, they translate the fir
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econstructed as five consecutive fr
Page 245 and 246:
To conclude the discussing of Herod
Page 247 and 248:
Turning to zw|~a, one sees that Her
Page 249 and 250:
With regard to the modern definitio
Page 251 and 252:
Regarding modern translations of zw
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length of the causeway was 5 sta&di
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The fragment was initially assigned
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estates, whereas the middle part wo
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of sand and limestone chips. The po
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limestone mantle. 441 Its poor cond
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Undoubtedly, these zw|~a did show s
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statement accords well with the pro
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pyramid in Egypt. Tu&pon is the acc
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Herodotus provides further insight
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evidence should be also added an Ar
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g. The Zw|~a of Mandrocles’ Paint
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The passage is instructive for the
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the representations of enthroned Da
Page 279 and 280:
Herodotus gives no details about th
Page 281 and 282:
Grene, who says “little figures.
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theory has dominated scholarship. 5
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iders on horses that gallop to the
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inscription is in the form of a hea
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The existing blocks that form the b
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suggests a distinctive technique of
Page 293 and 294:
The same type of information is rec
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addition, the inscriptions provide
Page 297 and 298:
stone and zw~ia suggests a standard
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description for something, and ther
Page 301 and 302:
Erechtheion, and also fragments of
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uilding, and also marked a technica
Page 305 and 306:
Socrates likens the use of colors b
Page 307 and 308:
on a surface produced by painting,
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outstanding allotment of happiness
Page 311 and 312: indicates that it was a term of gen
Page 313 and 314: government of the state. Four perso
Page 315 and 316: form a group of discussants on the
Page 317 and 318: prominently in Plato’s discussion
Page 319 and 320: “animals,” and Pangle, as “li
Page 321 and 322: general. Trevor Saunders attempts t
Page 323 and 324: And I do not think it is right that
Page 325 and 326: contrasted to the representations o
Page 327 and 328: Aristotle likens the formation of t
Page 329 and 330: paintings—also connected with zw&
Page 331 and 332: The third occurrence of the term in
Page 333 and 334: kaq' au(to_ ei]nai…qew&rhma), and
Page 335 and 336: temple.” Now the statue [a1galma]
Page 337 and 338: of real bodies. When this meaning i
Page 339 and 340: Conclusions Animals are fundamental
Page 341 and 342: animals—as essential elements of
Page 343 and 344: scholarly interpretations of the pr
Page 345 and 346: The literary, epigraphical, and scu
Page 347 and 348: APPENDIX: TESTIMONIA Note to the re
Page 349 and 350: Eu)po&lidi tw|~ th~j kwmw|di/aj poi
Page 351 and 352: with no seal broken in the length o
Page 353 and 354: ku&nej de\ e0cai/fnhj oi0kouroi\ pe
Page 355 and 356: 17 Anonymous, Anthologia Palatina 9
Page 357 and 358: 26 Anonymous, Anthologia Palatina 9
Page 359 and 360: 33 Antipater of Sidon, Anthologia P
Page 361: watches, and when you happen to gap
Page 365 and 366: 835 ba&ll' e0j ko&rakaj. toioutoni\
Page 367 and 368: Prw~ton me\n ou}n to_ a1nw ku&toj a
Page 369 and 370: xai/rousin a)lla_ th|~ brw&sei, th_
Page 371 and 372: In Phasis there is a breed of small
Page 373 and 374: Text and translation: D. M. Balme,
Page 375 and 376: ou)de\n de\ oi[on eu)nh_ malqakh_ k
Page 377 and 378: e1ti de\ kai\ eu)w&desi ta_j xei=ra
Page 379 and 380: μέν[a έν f]ρo[uρ ί k ]do[ς
Page 381 and 382: λίθος πρὸς ℎο̑ι τ
Page 383 and 384: the horse and the man appearing beh
Page 385 and 386: As for dogs, what can I say? In som
Page 387 and 388: Tou&twn te w}n ei3neken oi9 Lakedai
Page 389 and 390: Herodotus 2.148 oi9 ga_r e0pestew~t
Page 391 and 392: asile/a te Darei=on e0n proedri/h|
Page 393 and 394: 110 Hippocrates, De affectionibus i
Page 395 and 396: Hippocrates, De morbis ii 44.16-44.
Page 397 and 398: Rub well silphium equal to one grai
Page 399 and 400: that on the peaks of a mountain fig
Page 401 and 402: Text and translation: W. R. Paton,
Page 403 and 404: a)festhko&j. e0ntau~qa e9kate/ra mo
Page 405 and 406: Text and translation: W. R. Paton,
Page 407 and 408: The accounts given by all us must b
Page 409 and 410: a1frona gegone/nai nomoqe/thn, w3st
Page 411 and 412: The eyes, the most beautiful featur
Page 413 and 414:
153 Pliny 34.72 A.D. I Text and tra
Page 415 and 416:
Another habit of his was when he ha
Page 417 and 418:
for the earth-goddess Hecate, it ha
Page 419 and 420:
dia_ pollw~n de\ o( Qeo&frastoj e0k
Page 421 and 422:
The characteristics of the brave ma
Page 423 and 424:
oi[j ta_ xei/lh lepta_ kai\ e0p' a1
Page 425 and 426:
185 Sophocles, Antigone 198-206 V B
Page 427 and 428:
the taste will make them less incli
Page 429 and 430:
“Cleiton, that your statues of ru
Page 431 and 432:
B. Arntsen, Dog On The Roof…No La
Page 433 and 434:
_____, Early Greek Vase Painting. 1
Page 435 and 436:
A. Campana, “The Origin of the Wo
Page 437 and 438:
_____, “The Greek Images of the G
Page 439 and 440:
E. Fudge, “A Left-Handed Blow: Wr
Page 441 and 442:
M. Haase, Eine Stätte für die Ewi
Page 443 and 444:
W. W. How and J. Wells, A Commentar
Page 445 and 446:
R. G. Kent, Old Persian. Grammar. T
Page 447 and 448:
A. Linzey and T. Regan, eds., Anima
Page 449 and 450:
H. W. Miller, “Aristophanes and M
Page 451 and 452:
_____, “Cario and the New World o
Page 453 and 454:
S. B. Pomeroy, Xenophon. Oeconomicu
Page 455 and 456:
C. Rolley, La tombe princière de V
Page 457 and 458:
W. Smith, ed., Dictionary of Greek
Page 459 and 460:
C. Thorne, “Feeding Behavior of D
Page 461 and 462:
S. Simpson, eds., Pictorial Narrati
Page 463 and 464:
Young, Archaic Marble Sculpture fro
Page 465 and 466:
Fig. 1 Classical statue of a dog fr
Page 467 and 468:
Fig. 4 Classical Inscription from a
Page 469 and 470:
Fig. 7 Classical statue of a lion f
Page 471 and 472:
Fig. 10 The lion of Amphipolis (fou
Page 473 and 474:
Fig. 13 Late Geometric II stand fro
Page 475 and 476:
Fig. 16 Late Archaic Boeotian terra
Page 477 and 478:
Fig. 21 Reconstruction of part of a
Page 479 and 480:
Fig. 24 Capstone of the pyramid of
Page 481 and 482:
Fig. 26 Archaic bronze krater from
Page 483:
Fig. 29 Figure of a horrified femal
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