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<strong>early</strong> childhood sett<strong>in</strong>g. In particular, it was reasoned, action research would<br />

benefit children because when <strong>in</strong>dividual teachers work to improve their own<br />

practice the performance and learn<strong>in</strong>g of children <strong>in</strong>variably grows as well. A<br />

feature of such action research is that there is a high priority put on shar<strong>in</strong>g of<br />

knowledge, collaboration, and aim<strong>in</strong>g to be egalitarian and non-hierarchical (Bruce<br />

Ferguson, 1999). These characteristics have been emphasised s<strong>in</strong>ce this<br />

methodology was first advocated as an approach to research <strong>in</strong> the 1940s.<br />

What emerges from practically all of the literature on action research is an<br />

understand<strong>in</strong>g that it is a systematic process or cycle <strong>in</strong> which the problem is<br />

identified as a predicate to concerned parties, <strong>in</strong>stigat<strong>in</strong>g some form of critical<br />

reflection and remedial action (Bruce Ferguson, 1999; Cardno, 2003; Costello,<br />

2003; Davidson & Tolich, 1999; Kemmis & McTaggart, 1988).<br />

Figure 3.2 Action Research Spiral (Source: Kemmis & McTaggart, 1988, p. 8)<br />

91

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