Grove's dictionary of music and musicians

'
78 EESZKE EEUTTEE
his intention of opening a school of singing dramatic side, without losing sight of vocal
in London, and appeared there on June 13. purity. He sang for several seasons in America
His brother, Jean (more correctly Jan Mec- with his brother, and at Warsaw and St. Petersburg.
OnDec. 11, 1890, he assisted gratuitously
ZISLAW) born at Warsaw, Jan. 14, 1850,1 ^^s
the
'
eldest son of the controller of the government in the performance of Carmen ' at the Op&arailways,
was taught singing by his mother, a Comique in Paris, where Mme. Galli-Mari^ reappeared
in her original part, and Melba and
distinguished amateur, and at the age of twelve
sang solos in the Cathedral there. He was Lassalle were in the cast. He reappeared at in..
taught later by Ciaffel, Cotogni, and Sbriglia. tervals at the Paris Opera, singing in 'Siegfried'
Under the name De Reschl ' ' he made his debut and ' Pagliaoci ' on the Paris production of those
at Venice as Alfonso (' Favorita ') in Jan. 1874, operas. He was announced in Keyer's Sigurd '
according to an eye-witness with success. ^ He in 1904, but was unable to appear through illness.
He is living in Paris, and devotes himself
made his d^but at Drury Lane on April 11 of
the same year, and in the same part, and played to teaching.
there two seasons as Don Giovanni, Almaviva, Their sister, Josephine, educated at the Conservatorium
of St. Petersburg, attracted the notice
De Nevers, and Valentine. A contemporary '
spoke of him as one of whom the highest ex-
of M. Halanzier at Venice, and was engaged by
pectations might be entertained, having a voice
of delicious quality ; he phrased artistically and
possessed sensibility, but lacked experience such
as would enable him to turn his vocal gifts to
greater account and to become an eSective actor.
It is interesting to find that the quality of the
organ was even then considered to be more of the
robust tenor timbre than a baritone. Under his
own name he made his debut at the Italiens as
FraMelitone('ForzadelDestino'), Oct. 31, 1876,
with some success, and as Severo (Donizetti's
' Poliuto ') Dec. 5, Figaro (' Barbiere ') Dec. 19.
He made his tenor d^but as Robert ' ' at Madrid
in 1879 with great success, and was engaged at
the Thi&tve des Nations in 1884. He played
there the part of St. John the Baptist on the
production of ' H^rodiade ' so much to the satisfaction
of Massenet, that he procured him an
engagement at the Academic to create the titlepart
of 'Le Cid,' in which he made his debut
on its production, Nov. 30, 1885. He was
engaged there for four years, and sang the usual
tenor parts, notably Don Ottavio (' Don Juan '
centenary) and Romeo (in 1888, on the production
of Gounod's opera at the Grand Op^ra).
On June 13, 1887, he reappeared at Drury Lane
as Radames, and sang as Lohengrin, Faust, and
Raoul. He worthily fulfilled his early promise
by the marked improvement both in his singing
and acting, and by his ease and gentlemanly
bearing, the improvements being almost entirely
due to his own hard work and exertions. On
June 4, 1888, as Vasco de Gama, he made his
first appearance at Covent Garden, and from that
season dates the revival of opera as a fashionable
amusement in London. Till 1900 inclusive, he
sang nearly every year here, his parts including
John of Leyden, the Duke in Un ' Ballo,' Don
Jos^, Phoebus in Goring Thomas's 'Esmeralda,'
Lancelot in Bemberg's ' Elaine,' Werther (in
Massenet's opera). In the great parts of Wagner,
such as Walther, Tristan, and Siegfried, he was
unrivalled, throwing new light upon the music
by his wonderful power of interpreting the
I See Trua, July 15, llBf!.
2 Letter o< Hr. Hiehael Wllllsmii In Mmieal World, Jan. 31, 1674.
3 Athmaum, April 18, and Ju]y 28. 1874.
him at the Academic, where she made her d^but
as Ophelia, June 21, 1875. She sang there with
success for some time, where she was the original
Sita (' Roi de Lahore '),
April 27, 1877. Later
she was very successful at Madrid, Lisbon, etc. ;
sang at Covent Garden as Aida, April 18, 1881,
and again in Paris at the Th. des Nations as
Salome (' H^rodiade '),
March 13, 1884. She
retired from public on her marriage with M.
Leopold de Kronenburg of Warsaw ; she died
there Feb. 22, 1891. a. c.
RETARDATION is a word used by some
theorists to distinguish a small group of discords
which are similar in nature to suspensions, but
resolve upwards, as in Ex. 1.
Ex. 1. Ex. 2.
. The ground for making this sub-class is that
it appears inaccurate to describe as suspensions
notes which are delayed or retarded in ascending.
A comparison of Ex. 2, which would be distinguished
as a suspension, with Ex. 1, will show
the identity of principle which underlies the two
discords ; while the fact of their ascending or
descending is clearly not an attribute but an accident.
So in this case there is no other ostensible
reason for breaking up a well-defined class
but the fact that the common designation in use
is supposed, perhaps erroneously, to be insufficient
to denote all that ought to come und er it. On the
other hand it requires to be noted that as all discords
of this cla.ss are discords of retardation, and
as those which rise are very much less common
than those which descend in resolution, the
name which might describe the whole class is
reserved for the smallest and least conspicuous
group in that class. c. h. h. p
^EUTTER, Geoeg, born 1656 at Vienna,
became in 1686 organist of St. Stephen's, and
in 1700 Hof- and Kammer-organist He also
played the theorbo in the Hofcapelle from