Grove's dictionary of music and musicians

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1826 SCHUBERT 1826 307
this date ; for on the 6th of April we find
op. 56 (three songs) announced by Pennauer,
and opp. 57 and 58 (each three songs) by Weigl
on June 10, op. 60 (' Greisengesang ' and
'
Dithyrambe ') by Cappi and Czemy ; in Sept.
op. 59 (four songs, including Dass ' sie hier
gewesen,' Du ' bist die Ruh,' and Lachen und
'
Weinen ') by Leidesdorf ; and op. 64 (three
part-songs for men's voices) by Pennauer ; and
on Nov. 24, op. 65 (three songs) by Cappi and
Czemy. Some of these were composed as early
as 1814, 1815, 1816 ; others again in 1820,
1822, and 1823. The Mass in C (op. 48), and
three early pieces of church music, 'Tantum
ergo ' (op. 45), ' Totus in corde ' (op. 46), and
'Salve Regina' (op. 47), were all issued in this
year by Diabelll. Of dances and marches for
piano there are eight numbers :—a Galop and
; thirty-four Talses
eight Ecossaises (op. 49)
sentimentales (op. 50) ;.
'
Hommage aux belles
Viennoises ' (sixteen Landler and two Ecossaises,
op. 67) ; three Marches (four hands, op. 51)
all published by Diabelli ; the two Russian
Marches (opp. 55, 56),.by Pennauer; six Polonaises
(op. 61), Cappi and Czemy ; and a
Divertissement, or ' Marche brillante et raisonnte,'
on French motifs (op. 63), Weigl. In
all, twenty -two publications, divided among
six publishers, and containing 106 works.
We have been thus particular to name the
numbers and publishers of these works, because
they show conclusively how much Schubert's
music was coming into demand. Pennauer and
Leidesdorf were his personal friends, and may
possibly have printed his pieces from chivalrous
motives ; but no one can suspect hard and experienced
men of business like Diabelli and
Artaria of publishing the music of any one at
their own risk unless they believed that there
was a demand for it. The list is a remarkable
one, and will compare for extent and variety
with that of most years of Beethoven's Ufe.
And even at the incredibly low prices ^ which his
publishers gave for the exclusive copyright of
his works, there is enough in the above to produce
an income sufficient for Schubert's wants.
But the fact is that he was mixed up with a set
of young fellows who regarded him as a Croesus,^
and who virtually lived upon his carelessness
and good -nature, under the guise of keeping
house in common. Bauernfeld, in an article in
the Vienna Presse of April 17, 1869, has given
us the account with some TuiiveU. A league or
partnership was made between himself, Schwind
the painter, and Schubert. They had nominally
1 It is said by Bchindlerthat tlie prices agreed on with him were
ten Vienna golden per Heffcofsongs, and twelveperpianofortepiece.
(The Vienna golden waa then worth jost one franc. Heft ' meant
then a single song, not a ' Part ' of two or three. This is conclusively
proved hy Ferdinand Schobert'f letter of 1824.) These prices were
not adhered to. l^ns for the seven Lady of the I^ke ' ' songs he had
500 paper giilden = JE20, or nearly £3 per song. Even that is low
enoogK On the other hand F. Lachner told Mr. Bany that in the
last year of Schuberfs life, he took half-a-dozen of the Winterreise'
'
songs to Haslinger at Schohert's reqoest, and bronght back one
gulden a piece ( = lOd.) for them I
2 The expression is Banemield's.
their own lodgings, but often slept aU together
in the room of one. The affection between them
was extraordinary. Schubert used to call
Schwind seine Geliebte '—his inna/nwrata ' ! A
kind of common property was established in
clothes and money ; hats, coats, boots, and
cravats were worn in common, and the one who
was in cash paid the score of the others. As
Schwind and Bauernfeld were considerably
younger than Schubert, that duty naturally
fell on him.' When he had sold a piece of
music he seemed to this happy trio to 'swim
in money," which was then spent 'right and
left ' in the most reckless manner, till it was all
gone, and the period of reverse came. Under
these circumstances life was a series of fluctuations,
in which the party were never rich, and
often very poor. On one occasion Bauernfeld
and Schubert met in a coffee-house near the
Kamthnerthor theatre, and each detected the
other in ordering a mSlange (cafi mi lait) and
biscuits, because neither had the money to pay
for dinner. And this in Schubert's twentyninth
year, when he had already written immortal
works quite sufficient to make a good
livelihood ! Outside the circle of this trio were
a number of other young people, artists and
literary men, Schober, Jenger, Kupelwieser, etc.,
attracted by Schubert's genius, good-nature, and
love of fun, and all more or less profiting by
the generosity of one who never knew what it
was to deny a friend. The evenings of this
jolly company were usually passed in the
Gasthaus, and then they would wander about,
till daybreak drove them to their several quarters,
or to the room of one of the party. It would
be absurd to judge Vienna manners from an
English point of view. The Gasthaus took the
place of a modern club, and the drink consumed
probably did not much exceed that which some
distinguished Vienna artists now imbibe night
after night, and does not imply the excess that
it would infallibly lead to in a Northern climate
but it must be obvious that few constitutions
could stand such racket, and that the exertion
of thus trying his strength by night and his
brain by day, must have been more than any
frame could stand. In fact his health did not
stand the wear and tear. We have seen that
in February 1823, he could not leave the house ;
that in the summer of the same year he was
confined to the hospital ; that in March 1824,
he speaks of his health as irrecoverably gone ;
and the dedication of the six four-hand Marches,
op. 40, to his friend Bernhardt, doctor of medicine,
' as a token of gratitude, ' is strong evidence
that in 1826, the year of their publication, he
had had another severe attack.
It was probably a sense of the precarious
nature of such a life that led some of his friends
in the autumn of 1826 to urge Schubert to stand
for the post of Vice-capellmeister in the Imperial
Court, vacant by the promotion of Eybler to that