Grove's dictionary of music and musicians

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QUARENGHI
QUAETET
any other combination being more fully particularised
is generally understood ;
This passed through three (or four)
of, the ' string quartet ' It is not our province here to speak of the
; and it is to the string quartet we will >
German editions, and was also published in
French and Dutch. He left also a serenata, a turn our principal attention. The origin of the
few songs, music to twenty -two of Gellert's quartet was the invention of four- part harmony,
hymns, Neue ' Kirchenmelodien, ' etc. (Berlin, but it was long before a composition for four
1760), and an autobiography (in Marpurg's instruments came to be regarded as a distinct
Beiirdge). Three of the Melodien are given and worthy means for the expression of musical
by von Winterfeld, Evang. Kinheng. iii. 272. ideas. Even the prolific J. S. Bach does not
Besides the key which he added to the flute, he appear to have favoured this combination,
invented the sliding top for tuning the instrument.
though he wrote trios in plenty. With the
His playing, which was unusually symphony was born the string quartet as we
correct for the imperfect instruments of the now understand it—the symphony in miniature
day, delighted not only Frederick, but Marpurg,
and both were bom of the same father, Haydn.
a more fastidious critic. He married, not [See FoiiM.]
happily, in 1737 ; and died in easy circumstances
The early quartets of Haydn seem to ns
and generally respected at Potsdam, sadly feeble in the present day ; there is not
July 12, 1773.
enough flesh to cover the skeleton, and the
All details regarding him may be found in joints are terribly awkward ; but therfe is the
Lebenund JVerken, etc., by his grandson Albert unmistakable infant quartet, and certainly not
Quantz (Berlin, 1877). F. G. more clumsy and \inpromising than the human
QUARENGHI, Gugliblmo, violoncellist and infant. In the course of his long life and incessant
composer, born at Casalmaggiore, Oct. 22,
practice in symphonic composition,
1826, died at Milan, Feb. 4, 1882. He studied Haydn made vast progress, so that the later
at the Milan Conservatoire, 1839-42, occupied quartets (op. 71, etc.) begin to show, in the
the post of first violoncello at the Scala Theatre lower parts, some of the boldness which had
in 1850 ; became professor of his instrument at before been only allowed to the 1st violin.
the Milan Conservatoire in 1851, and in 1879 Eighty-three quartets of Haydn are catalogued
Maestro di Cappella at the Milan Cathedral. and printed, while of the ninety-three of his
As a composer he contributed an opera entitled contemporary Boooherini, scarcely one survives.
'II didi Michel'; published in 1863 some church Mozart, with his splendid genius for polyphony
music and transcriptions, as well as an interesting
as well as melody, at once opened up a
method for the violoncello ;
a valuable new world. In the set of six dedicated to
treatise upon the origin of bow instruments Haydn we notice, besides the development in
precedes this Metodo di Violoncello (Milan, form, the development of the idea, which it
1876), in which he compares the earliest forms has only been given to Beethoven fully to
with the various barbaric and semi-- barbaric carry out— the making each part of equal
instruments previously in use amongst primitive
interest and importance. Theoretically, in a
nations. In addition the author gives perfect quartet, whether vocal or instrumental,
the ' Personaggi ' of Monteverde's ' Orfeo, ' and there should be no 'principal part.' The six
the tuning of the earliest viols. — Riemann, quartets just spoken of were so far in advance
Lexikon; Baker, £iog. Diet, of Shisic. E. h-a. of their time as to be considered on all sides as
QUARLES, Chakles, Mus.B., graduated at 'hideous stuff.' In our time we find little
Cambridge in 1698. He was organist of Trinity that is startling in them, except, perhaps, the
College, Cambridge, from 1688 to 1709. He famous opening of No. 6, which will always
was appointed organist of York Minster, June 30, sound harsh from the false relations in the
1722 ; and died at York early in 1727. 'A second and fourth bars.
Lesson '
for the harpsichord by him was printed
by Goodison about 1788. w. h. h.
QUART-GEIGE. See Violin.
QUART-POSAUNE. See Tkombonb.
QUARTERLY MUSICAL MAGAZINE
AND REVIEW, conducted by R. M. Bacon
Adagio. i35:4
of Norwich. [See vol. i. p. 181 ; vol. iii. p.
680.] G.
QUARTET (Fr. Quaiuor ; Ital. Quartetto). A
composition for four solo instruments or voices. Mozart's twenty-six quartets all live, the six
I. With regard to instrumental quartets the dedicated to Haydn and the last three composed
favourite combination has naturally been always
for the King of Prussia being immortal.
that of two violins, viola, and violoncello, the Those writers whose quartets were simply the
chief representatives since the days of Monteverde
of soprano, alto, tenor, and bass, in the Ries, and Fesca—made no advance in the treat-
echo of Mozart's—such as Romberg, Onslow,
orchestra: in fact, when 'quartet' only is spoken ment of the four instruments.