Grove's dictionary of music and musicians

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284 1814— SCHUBERT — 1815
and Schubert to him, and make them willing
*
to style themselves ' scholars of Salieri. i ' His
permanent influence on Schubert may be
measured by the fact that he warned him
against Goethe and Schiller, a warning which
Schubert attended to so far as to compose sixtyseven
songs of the one pqet, and fifty-four of
the other
Franz's next eflbrt was an opera—a light and
absurd supernatural 'op4ra-comique ' in three
'
acts, Des Teufels Lustschloss,' words by
Kot2ebue. He probably began it while at the
Gonvict, the first act having "been completed
Jan. 11, 1814 ; the second, March 16 ; and
the third. May 15. Two days afterwards he
began the mass. That over, he had leisure to
look again at the earlier work. The experience
gained in writing the mass probably revealed
many an imperfection in the opera. He at
once rewrote it, and finished the revision of it
on Oct. 22. The work was never performed.
With all these and other labours he found time
to visit the Convict ^ in the evenings, take part
in the practices, and try over his new compositions.
Besides the pieces already mentioned,
the productions of 1814 embrace a Salve Begina
for tenor and orchestra. Also two string
quartets in D and minor respectively, and a
third in Bb, published as op. 168, and remarkable
for the circumstances of its composition.
It was begun as a string trio, and ten lines
were written in that form. It was then begun
again and finished as a quartet. The movements
are more fully dated than usual.' Also
five minuets and six Deutsche (or waltzes) for
strings and horns ; and seventeen songs, among
them 'Gretchen am Spinnrade' (Oct. 19), and
Schiller's 'Der Taucher,' a composition of
enormous length, begun Sept. 1813, and finished
in the following August. On Deo. 10 he began
his second symphony, in Bl>.* The autograph
shows that the short Introduction and Allegro
vivace were finished by the twenty-sixth of the
same mouth, but its completion falls in 1815.
Before the year closed he made the acquaintance
of Mayrhofer, a man of eccentric, almost hypochondriac
character, and a poet of grand and
gloomy cast, who became his firm friend, and
fifty- four of whose poems' (besides the operas
of Adrast ' ' and ' Die beiden Freunde von
Salamanka '), fortunately for Mayrhofer's immortality,
he set to music—some of them
> For Beethoven eee vol. i. p. 222A. Schubert so styles himself
on the title-pages of his 'Fernando' and 'Clandlne von Villahella.'
2 K.n. p. 18 (1. 19).
'The Allegro has at beginning,
'
6 Sept. 1814,' at end, ' den B Sept.
In 4i Btunden angefertigt," apparently Implying that it was dashed
off before and after twelve o'clock at night. Andante, at beginning,
'
den 6 Sept. 1814,' at end, den ' 10 Sept. 1814.' Minnet, at end, ' 11
Sept. 1814.' Finale, at end den ' 13 Sept. 1814.' Autograph Trlth
Spina.
* At beginning, '10 Dec. 1814'; at end of Allegro, '26 Deo. 1814';
at beginning of Finale, '25 Feb. 3816,' and at end, '24 March 1816."
The movements are Lar^ and Allegro vivace (BlJl ; Andan1» (Bb)
Minuet and Trio (C minor) ; Finale, Presto vivace (w). Played
from MS. at the Cryatal'Palace, Oct. 20, IS"/?.
Dumba.
Autograph with Herr
Forty.eight published, and six in MS.
c
among his very finest songs. The acquaintance
began by Schubert's setting Mayrhofer's Am
'
See.' He composed it on Dec. 7, and a few
days afterwards visited the poet at his lodgings
in the Wipplinger Strasse 420 (since destroyed),
a small dark room rendered illustrious by being
the residence of Theodor Kbrner, and afterwards
of Schubert, who lived there in 1819
and 1820. The visit was the beginning of a
friendship which ended only with Schubert's
death.
1815 is literally crowded with compositions.
Two orchestral symphonies of full dimensions,
Nos. 2 and 3 (that in Bl> ended March 24, that
in D,° May 24-July 19); a string quartet in
G minor (March 25-April J.) ; PF. sonatas in
C, F, E (Feb. 11) and E (Feb. 18) ; an adagio
in G .(April 8), twelve Wiener Deutsche,
eight Ecossaises (Oct. 3), and ten variations
for PF. solo ; two masses, in G ^ (March
2-7) and Bb (Nov. 11~) ; a new 'Dona'^ for
the mass in F ; a Stabat Mater in G minor
(April 4) a Salve Eegina (July ; 5) ; five large
dramatic pieces
—
' Der vierjahrige Posten,' oneact
operetta (ended May 16)
'
;
Fernando,' oneact
Singspiel (July 3-9) ; Claudine von Villa-
'
bella,' three-act Singspiel (Act 1, July 26-
August 5), originally composed complete, but
Acts 2 and 3 were used by an officious
'
maid-servant for lighting fires ; Die beiden
Freunde von Salamanka,' a two-act Singspiel
by Mayrhofer (Nov. 18-Dec. 31); 'Der
Spiegelritter,' three-act opera, of which eight
numbers are with the Gesellschaft des Musikfreunde
at Vienna ;
perhaps also a Singspiel
called 'Die Minnesanger,' and 'Adrast,' an
opera by Mayrhofer, of which but seven numbers
exist.' In addition to all these there are no
less than 146 songs. In August alone there
are over thirty, and in October over twenty,
of which eight are dated the 15th and seven
the 19th ! And of these 146 songs some are of
such enormous length as would seem to have
'
prevented their publication. Minona ' (MS.
Feb. 8), the first one of the year, contains sixteen,
and Adelwold and Emma' ' (MS., June 5)
no less than fifty-five closely written sides. Of
those published, 'Die Biirgschaft' ('Aug. 1815 ')
fills twenty-two pages of LitolfFs edition, Elysium
' thirteen, and ' Loda's Gespenst ' fifteen of
'
the same. It was the length of such compositions
as these— 'pas une histoire, mais des
histoires'— that caused Beethoven's exclamas
It is in the usual number of movements : Adagio maestoso and
Allegro con brio (D) ; Allegretto /G) ; Minuet and Trio (D) ; Finale.
Presto vivace (D). Dates ;—Allegro, at beginning, 24 May 1815 ' '
end, 'July 12, 1815.' Allegretto, at beginning, 'July 15, 1816.'
End of Finale, 'July 19, 1815.' Autograph with Herr Dumba.
1 Published by M. fieiTa, of Prague, in 1846, as the composition of
R. Fllhrer. [See vol. li. p. 1135]. 'rhe fraud was not exposed till 1847,
when it wasannounced by Ferd. Schubert in the AUg. Wiener Sfusikteitung
of Dec. 14. Ferdinand mentions this mass in his list under
1815. A copy, evidently copied closely from the autograph, but with
the addition of oboes (or clarinets) and bassoons by Ferd. Schubert
(July 23, 1847). is in the Library of the Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde.
8 Mentioned by Ferdinand, p. 339a.
B Autographs of Fernando, Teufels Lustschloss, and Adrast, are
with Herr Dumba.