Grove's dictionary of music and musicians

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586 SONG
folk-song spirit, and are powerful and expressive,
but Lindblad's won wider fame.
These also bear the national stamp ; they are
pure, natural, unaffected, and withal really
poetic and graceful compositions. Among the
most interesting are those to Atterbom's words,
especially 'Trohet. '1 And others worthy of
mention are ' Saknad,' kom, ' nij droj,' Am
'
Aareu See,' 'Strykningsvisa,' and the nine
Heine songs which have more developed and
original accompaniments. Lindblad's songs
owe their fame and popularity in a great
measure to having been sung by Jenny Lind.
Josephson surpasses the others in the real lyric
and the melancholy tenderness which pervades
his songs is a racial chareicteristic. Wennerberg's
collection of duets, ' Gluntarne ' (Scenes
of student-life in Upsala), were once famous,
but though his thoughts show independence,
his musical treatment is somewhat amateurish.
Norman was a truly idyllic composer, and
amongst his songs the beautiful Skogs Sanger
'
and ManestrSlar ' ' should be better known.
With the great ballad composer, A. Sbdermann,
Swedish romanticism reached its highest
point. Among his solo -ballads and songs,
such as Tannhauser, ' ' 'Kvamruinen,' and the
'
Black Knight, ' we find a great development
in the accompaniment. Sodermann filled the
old Jorms with new dramatic life, and is therefore
considered the great reformer of Swedish
Song. Less well-known names are those of
J. A. Hagg, A. Korling (whose songs ' Weisse
Rosen' and 'Abendstimmung,' of the Mendelssohn
type, are favourites), A. Myrberg, V. Svedbom,
F. Arlberg (also a fine singer), Henneberg,
Kjelander, Bystrbm, Nordquist, A. Bergenson,
etc. Among living song-writers, Emil Sjogren
holds an important place. Grieg's influence may
be traced in his harmonies and Schumann's in
his rhythms, but withal he is an independent and
interesting composer. The constant repetition
of melodic phrases, and the sequences of harsh
and ugly discords which occur in his songs,
always have their meaning and justification.
His settings of Geibel's Spanish Cycle cannot
rank with Jensen's, but the beauty of such
songs as ' I drommen du ar,' ' Sa far di val,' or
' Urdm, ' with its lovely vague harmony, and
' Alia mina drommer, ' with its strange impressive
tonality, is incontestable.
During the last twenty-five years a change
has come over Swedish music. The genius of
Berlioz, Liszt, and Wagner has dominated the
talents of the living representatives of Swedish
romanticism. Of the youngest school of
song-writers, Vilhelm Stenhammar, born 1871,
stands pre-eminent. His father, P. W. Stenhammar,
was a prolific composer of ultra-simple
religious, old-fashioned songs. V. Stenhammar
is equally successful in any form of song he
touches, whether it be the ballad, such as his
1 Written on the death of the poet's wife.
fine setting of Florez and Blanchiflur,' or a
'
little folk-song like ' Irmelin Rose,' or the true
lyric, such as the splendid song Fylgia.' In
'
freshness, warmth, and wealth of harmony and
melody, none of the younger composers have
surpassed Stenhammar. In W. Peterson-
Berger's Swedish songs, 'Svensk Lyrik' and
the cycle entitled Ut ' Fridolin's Lustgard,' the
tender, melancholy national tone is reflected ;
whereas in his German songs, such as the
'
Gesange nach Nietzsche, ' he is more directly
under Wagner's ^spell. Hugo Altvin, Tor
Aulin, and E. Akerberg belong also, with
others, to this group.
In all
the modern Scandinavian composers'
songs there is the same strong feeling for tonecolour,
which may be traced to the innate,
deep-rooted love and reverence for the folk-music
of their respective homes. And nowhere in
Europe has the spirit of romanticism exercised
a stronger and higher influence than in
northern countries.
Scandinavian BisLlOGBApny
these
Bavn, Dr. von. SkandinaviscJte SIv*ik [Mendel).
HUIpher, A. nistor. Afhamdling 07n 3lu8Uc och Imtrumenter.
Weateriia, 1773.
Alte Tolkanelodien dee Norderw. {Alia. Mwiikal. Zeitwng). Augoet
1816.
Lindgren, A. Ur Sverulca Afmikeru Hdfder.
Cristal, M. VArt Sctmdtnave. Farie, 1874.
OrOnvoId, Aimar. IforBjce MuslTKrs. Christlania, 1883.
Valentin, Cai-1. Stvdien ilber die Schwedtschen VolJcsmeledien.
Leipzig. 1885.
Schweitzer. Qeschichte d. SkandinaviKhen Literatur. Leipzig,
1886.89.
Spitta, P. Niels Gade, Zwp Mu^k. Berlin, 1892.
Norlind, Tobias. Setmcditelie ifusikgeschichte, Lund. 1901. Zur
OeachicJite der ScliwedigcJien Mujiik {Die Musik). August 1904.
Die Mvsihgeschichte BchvtedeTis in den Jahren 1630-1730.
{SammelbdTide. I.M.G., I. ii. 1900.)
Thuren, Hjalmar. Tamz, THcJitung und Qesa/ruj avf den Farijem,
{Sammetbd^, I.M.G., Itl. U. 1902.)
Soubies, A. £tats Scwndinaves. {Histtdre de la Jftiszque.) Paris,
1901-3.
Niem.inn, W. Die Schwediache Tonkungt. ISammelbdnde, I.M.Cr..
V. i. 1903).
Niemann, W. Die Musik Skandinaviens. Leipzig, 1906.
COLLEOrlONS
Abrahameon, Nyerup, and Kahbelc. 'Udvalgte dansTte Viser fra
Kiddelalderen.' Copenhagen. 1812-14.
Ahlstr&m and Afzeliufl. '
Traditioner af Svenska Folkviser,' 1814.
Oeijer and Afzelliis. 'Svenska Folk-visor fr4n Fomtiden.'
Stockholm. 1814-16.
EiiamuBsen und Nyerup. ' Udvalg af Danske Viser.' Conenhacen.
1821.
Lyngbye, H. C. 'Foerffske Qvoeder." Panders, 1822 (no music).
Arwidsson, A. ' Svenska Fornsftnger.' Stockholm, 1834-42.
Lindemann, L. 'Aeldre og nyere Norake Fjeldmelodier.' Christiania,
1840.
Dyheck, E. ' Svenslca Vallviser och Homliitar.' Stockholm, 1848
'
Schwediflche Weisen,' 1847-48
'
1 Svenske Viaer,' 1853-56.
Landatad, M. B. ' Korake Folke-iiser.' Christiania, 1853.
Berggreen, A. P. 'Danake, Norske, and Svenske Folkeaange og
melodier.' Copenhagen, 1861-63.
Lundquiat. ' 100 Svenaka Folkviser.' Stockholm, 1866.
Kriatenaen, E. ' Jydake Folkeviser,' 1871-76-91.
Bohlin. K. T. P. ' Folktoner frjln Jiimtland.' Stockholm, 1883.
Hansen, W. ' Danske Melodier.' (Melodier fia alle Lande, vol. i.)
Copenhagen. 1885.
Bammerahairab, V. 'Foer^sk Antiiologi.' Copenhagen, 1891.
(Chiefly dancea and dance-songs.)
Carlheim.(>yllensld51d. V. 'Viser och Melodier.' Stockholm, 1892.
Lanb, T. 'Danake Folkeviser med gamle Melodier.' Copenhagen, f fls
1899.
Gai-borg, H. 'Norske Folkevisor.' (In progreaa) 1903. No. 8 of
the Norske '
Folkeakriften.')
• August Bondeson'a Visbok.' Stockholm, 1903.
Hansen, W. 'Svenske og Norske Melodier.' (Melodier fra alle
Lande, vol. ii.) Copenhagen.
Eocke, L. ' Nordiache Volkslieder.'
AhlatrSm. J. '300 Svenaka Polkeyiser.' Stockholm. 'Nordiaka
Folkeviser,' Stockholm,
Bogge, J. '7SPolkakorfranGotthlnd.' Stockholm.
Woyae, C. E. F. '50 gamle ICampevise melodier,'
Blmnenthal, I. G. 'Delsboatintena Visor' (in pi-ogreas).
ICBLANDIO.—BIBI.IOGKAFHV AND COLT,ECTIONS
De la Borde, J. B. JEssai swr la Musique ancienne et moderne,
(Several Icelandic songs in voL ii. p. 397 et seg.) Paris, 1780.