Grove's dictionary of music and musicians

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42 REDOWA EEED
and others private.
Special nights were reserved
for the court and the nobility. The ' Redoutentanze
'—Minuets, AUemandes, Contredanses,
Schottisches, Anglaises, and Landler— were
composed for full orchestra, and published
(mostly by Artaria) for pianoforte. Mozart,'
Haydn, Beethoven, ^ Hummel, Woelfl, Gyrowetz,
and others, have left dances viritten for this
purpose. c. F. s.
REDOWA, a Bohemian dance which was
introduced into Paris in 1846 or 1847, and
quickly attained for a short time great popularity,
both there and in London, although it is
now never danced. In Bohemia there are two
variations of the dance, the Rejdovak, in 3-4
or 3-8 time, which is more like a waltz, and
the Rejdovaoka, in 2-4 time, which is something
like a polka. The ordinary Redowa is
written in 3-4 time (M.M. J=160). The
dance is something like a Mazurka, with the
rhythm less strongly marked. The following
example is part of a Rejdovak which is given
in Kohler's Volkstanze '
aller Nationen '
m^^^^^^
-M^!
s&t
h^
-r-e-^iiii^^^^
W. B. S.
REED (fi.AncAe; Ital. Aneia; Germ. Matt,
Mohr). The speaking part ofmany instruments,
both ancient and modern ; the name being derived
from the material of which it has been
immemorially constructed. The plant used for
it is a tall grass or reed, the Arundo Donax or
Saliva, growing in the South of Europe. The
substance in its rough state is commonly called
'
cane,' though differing from real cane in many
respects. The chief supply is now obtained from
Frejus on the Mediterranean coast. Many other
materials, such as lance-wood, ivory, silver, and
'ebonite,' or hardened india-rubber, have been
experimentally substituted for the material iirst
named ; but hitherto without success. Organ
reeds were formerly made of hard wood, more
recently of brass, German silver, and steel.
The name Reed is, however, applied by organbuilders
to the metal tube or channel against
which the vibrating tongue beats, rather than
to the vibrator itself.
Reeds are divided into the Free and the
Beating ; the latter again into the Single and
the Double forms. The Free reed is used in
1 Sn KSchers Catalogue, No. S99. etc.
' 8e« Nottelwlim'B Thematic Catalogue, Section 11. pagei 136-37.
the harmonium and" concertina, its union with
Beating reeds in the organ not having proved
successful. [See Fkbe Reed, vol. ii. p. 106.]
The vibrator, as its name implies, passes freely
through the long slotted brass plate to which
it is adapted ;
the first impulse of the wind
tending to push it within the slot and thus
close the apertm-e. In
' percussion ' harmoniums
the vibrator is set suddenly in motion by a blow
from a hammer connected with the keyboard.
[See Hakmonium, vol. ii. p. 308.] [The
Beating reed in its single form is that of the
organ and the clarinet. In this the edges of
the vibrator overlap the slot leading into the
resonating pipe or tube, and so close it periodically
during vibration. The reed, which is a
thin blade or lamina, has roughly the form of a
long parallelogram, and it is firmly secured for a
portion of its length to the bed or table of the
tube or mouthpiece in which the slot is cut. In
the organ reed the necessary opening for the
entrance of the wind at the free end is obtained
by giving a slight curvature to the blade or
reed ; the pressure of the wind tends to close
this opening, and vibration is thus set up.
In the clarinet the same result is obtained by
giving a slight curvature to the bed of the
mouthpiece towards its tip, the under side of
the reed itself being left perfectly flat (see
Clarinet).
The Double reed, as used in the oboe and
the bassoon, is constructed of two segments
united in a tubular form at one end, and
splayed out and flattened at the other so as to
leave a slight opening in shape like the section
of a double-convex lens. The bassoon reed is
placed directly upon the ' crook ' of the instrument,
but the oboe reed is built up upon a
small tube or ' staple. ' The exact appearance
of both single and double reeds will be gathered
better from the drawings than from a more
detailed description.
f
°"""'" "'^•"^ •>«'« t» ">» mouthpiece
metaufBrta:"^'
by a
Double R6ed»:-2.BM«ooii reed. 3. Baeeoon reed, toeehortened
to »ho» the opeulns between the two blades. 4. Oboe reei.
The single reed is used also on the saxophone,
and the double reed for the ohaunter of the
Highland bagpipe, but the drones of the bag-