Grove's dictionary of music and musicians

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EAVENSCROFT
Fischer, Cervetto, Stamitz, Decamp, and dementi.
He also gave brilliant concerts in the
new Assembly Rooms (built 1771) at Bath,
where he took up his abode on leaving London.
Here he invited Haydn and Dr. Burney to visit
him, and the three spent several pleasant days
together in 1794. On this occasion Haydn
wrote a four-part canon (or more strictly a
round) to an epitaph on a favourite dog buried
iu Rauzzini's garden, Turk was ' a faithful dog
and not a man.' (See Turk.) Rauzzini's
operas performed in London were Piramo ' e
'nsbe' (March 16, 1775, and afterwards in
Vienna), 'Le Ali d'Amore' (Feb. 27, 1776);
'Creusa in Delfo' (1783); 'La Regina di
Golconda' (1784); and 'La Vestale' (1787).
L' Eroe Cinese,' originally given at Munich in
'
1771, was performed in London in 1782.
(These dates are from the Public Advertiser.)
He composed string-quartets, sonatas for PF.,
Italian arias and duets, and English songs
also a Requiem produced at the little Haymarket
Theatre in 1801, by Dr. Arnold and Salomon.
He died, universally regretted, at Bath, April 8,
1810. His brother
Matteo, bom in Rome 1754, made his iirst
appearance at Munich in 1772, followed his
brother to England, and settled in Dublin,
where he produced an opera, ' II Rfe pastore, ' in
1784. He had written Le ' finte Gemelli ' for
Munich in 1772, and 'L' opera nuova' for Venice
in 1781. He employed himself in teaching
singing, and died in 1791. o. F. p.
RAVENSCROFT, John, one of the Tower
Hamlets waits, and vioUnist at Goodman's Fields
Theatre, was noted for his skill in the composition
of hornpipes, a collection of which he published.
Two of them are printed in Hawkins's
History, and another in vol. iii. of 'The Dancing
Master.' A set of sonatas for two violins and
violone or arch-lute, were printed at Rome in
1695. He died about 1745. w. H. H.
RAVENSCROFT, Thomas, Mus.B., born
about 1582, was a chorister of St. Paul's under
Edward Pearce, and graduated at Cambridge in
1607. In 1609 he edited and published Pammelia.
'
Musickes Miscellanie : or Mixed Varietie
'
of pleasant Roundelayes and delightful Catches
of 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 Parts in one '—the earliest
collection of rounds, catches, and canons printed
in this country. A second impression appeared
in 1618. Later in 1609 he put forth 'Deuteromelia
; or the Second Part of Musiok's Melodic,
or melodius Musioke of Pleasant Roundelaies ;
K. H. mirth, or Freemen's Songs and such
delightfull Catches' ; containing the catch,
Hold thy peace, thou knave,' sung in Shakespeare's
'
'Twelfth Night.' In 1611 he published
' Melismata. Musicall Fhansies, fitting the
Court, Citie, and Countrey Humours, to 3, 4
and 5 Voyces.' In 1614 he published 'A Briefe
Discourse of the true (but neglected) use of
Charact'ring the Degrees by their Perfection,
KAWLINGS
Imperfection, and Diminution in Mensurable
Musicke against the Common Practise and Custome
of these Times ;
Examples whereof are
exprest in the Harmony of 4 Voyces Concerning
the Pleasure of 5 vsuall Recreations. 1. Hunting.
2. Hawking. 3. Dancing. 4. Drinking.
5. Enamouring '—a vain attempt to resuscitate
an obsolete practice. The musical examples
were composed by Edward Pearce, John Bennet,
and Ravensoroft himself. [Much of the material
is found in a MS. in the Brit. Mus. Add. MS.
19,758 {Diet, of Nat. Biog.). In 1618-22 he
was music -meister at Christ's Hospital {Mus.
Times, 1905, p. 580.)] In 1621 he published
the work by which he is best known, 'The
Whole Booke of Psalmes : With the Hymnes
Evangelicall and Spirituall. Composed into four
parts by Sundry Authors with severall Tunes as
have been and are usually sung in England,
Scotland, Wales, Germany, Italy, France, and
the Netherlands.' Another edition was published
in 1633. Four anthems or motets by
Ravenscroft are among the MSS. in the library
of Christ Church, Oxford. [For other music by
him see the Quellen-Lexilcon.^ The date of his
death is not known. It is said by some to
have been about 1630, and by others about
1635. w. H. H.
RAVINA, Jean Henki, a pianoforte composer,
was bom May 20, 1818, at Bordeaux,
where his mother was a prominent musician.
At the instance of Rode and Zimmermann the
lad was admitted to the Conservatoire of Paris
in 1831. His progress was rapid-—second prize
for PF. in 1832; first prize for the same in
1834; first for harmony and accompaniment in
1835, ajoint professorship of PF. Nov. 1835. In
Feb. 1 837 he left the Conservatoire and embarked
on the world as a virtuoso and teacher. He
resided exclusively at Paris, with the exception
of a journey to Russia in 1853, and Spain
in 1871. He received the Legion of Honour in
1861. His compositions are almost all salon
pieces, many of them very popular in their time,
graceful and effective, but with no permanent
qualities. He also published a 4 -hand arrangement
of Beethoven's nine symphonies. Ravina
died in Paris, Sept. 30, 1906.— The above
sketch is indebted to M. Pougin's supplement
to F^tis. G.
RAWLINGS, or RAWLINS, Thomas, bom
about 1703, was a pupil of Dr. Pepusch, and
a member of Handel's orchestra at both opera
and oratorio performances. On March 14,
1753, he was appointed organist of Chelsea
Hospital. He died in 1767. His son, Robert,
bom in 1742, was =t pupil of his father, and
afterwards of Barsanti. At seventeen he was
appointed musical page to the Duke of York,
with whom he travelled on the continent until
his death in 1767, when he returned to England
and became a violinist in the King's band and
Queen's private band. He died in 1 8 1 4, leaving