Grove's dictionary of music and musicians

402 SCOTTISH MUSIC SCEIABIN
(This Important work caosiatB maliUy of Scots Sougs
collected by Johnson and his friends from printed and
other sources. Bums interested himself in the publication,
and some of his songs were here first issued with
music. The first vol. was published in 1787, 2nd 1788
3rd 1790, 4th 1792, 6th 17»7, 6th 1803.)
Gow. (The publications of the Gow family have a strong
bearing on the subject of Scottish music. Niel Gow the
father and Nathaniel the sou, composed, arranged, and
adapted a great deal of what now constitutes Scottish
National music. Their sheet puhllcatiouB are innumerable,
and their collections of Strathspey reels and vocal
melodies are named in vol, li. at p. 2126 of the present
worlc.)
Later collections of Scottish Bongs with music were those issued
by Wm. Napier, 3 vols., 1790-92; Corri,2vols. 0.1790; Urbani,6voiB
c. 1792, 1794, 1799, 1800, 1805 ; Dales, ' Sixty Favourite Scottish Songs,'
3 vols. (180 songs), c. 1794-95 : George Thomson's collections, 1793,
etc. (see separate articles) ; Whyte, 2 vols. 1806-7 ; J. Elouis, 2 vols
1806-7 ;
R. A. Smith, Scotish ' Minstrel,' 6 vols. 1820-4. 8vo ; Patersou
and Eoy, ' Vocal Melodies of Scotland,' 4 vols. 1837-38. Among
annotated collections of Scottish music, the following are noteworthy:
'Scotish Songs in two Volumes' [Joseph Bitson], 1794,
8vo (reprinted
'
in 1869) ; Wood's Songs of Scotland,' edited by G. P.
Graham, 3 vols. 1848, etc., 8vo; 'The Lyric Gems of Scotland,'
Cameron, Glasgow,
'
2 vols. sm. 4to, 1856 ; The Select Songs of Scotlaud,'
Hamilton, Glasgow, folio, 1857; 'TheSongsof Scoliland, prior
to Burns,' Chambers, 1862, 8vo
'
; The Minstrelsy of Scotland,'
Alfred Moffat, Augener, 1895 ; 'liarly Scottish Melodies,' John Glen,
1900, 8vo; 'The Glen Collection of Scottish dance music,' 1891-95;
John Glen, 2vols, folio. JacobiteSongsarebestrepresentediuHogg's
*
Jacobite Belies,' 1819-21, 2 vols- 8vo (reprinted in 1874) ; Gaelic
music is found scattered through Cow's publications, and other
collections of Scottish dance music, and elsewhere, but the best
known gatherings into volume form are—Rev. Peter M'Donald's
'(Highland Airs,' folio [1783]; Simon Praeer's 'Airs and Melodies,
peculiar to the Highlands and lelands of Scotland,' 1816, folio
(reprinted 1876); Alexander Campbell's 'Albyn's Anthology,'
1816-18, 2 vols, folio * ; Grain na h-Albain, collected by Miss G. A.
Bell, Edinburgh, c. 1840; 'A Treatise on the Language, Poetry,
and Music of the Highland Clans,' Donald Campbell, Edinburgh,
1867, 8vo
'
; Ancient Orkney Melodies, collected by Col. Balfour,'
1885: 'The Minstrelsy of the Scottish Highlands,' Alfred Moffat,
Bayley and Ferguson, Glasgow, 1907, and other works.
'
The alsove bibliography represents but a tithe
of what mightjustly be included in it. Although
there is much traditional Scottish music found
among the quantity of dance Golleotions issued
by individual Scottish musicians it is difficult
to classify it. Besides the Scottish publications
enumerated above, the London country-dance
books, from the early part of the 18th century
onward, contain much interesting matter in
connection with both Scottish and Irish music.
Walsh and others issued collections of Scottish
Songs and Airs, but they were mainly taken
from Thomson's Orpheus ' Caledonius. ' His
Caledonian country dances,' and those published
by John Johnson are, however, of much antiquarian
interest.
The attention recently paid to folk-song has
brought forth enough evidence to show that the
published Scottish national music is but a small
proportion of what, even now, exists in a traditionary
form. Mr. Gavin Greig, Miss Lucy
Broadwood, and other workers, have, without
much search, brought to light a wealth of
Gaelic music of a purely traditional kind. In
the Lowlands of Scotland folk-song exists as
it does in England, and much of this lowland
Scottish folk-song is either almost identical
with that found in different parts of England,
or consists of variants of it. There is, of course,
a certain proportion which may be classed as
purely confined to Scotland. One of the first
of the modern attempts to tap this stream of
traditional music was made by Dean Christie,
who published his two volumes of Traditional
Ballad Airs in 1876 and 1881. This collection
of between three and four hundred tunes,
noted down with the words in the north of
Scotland, would have been much more valuable
if the Dean had been content to present them
exactly as noted. Another valuable contribution
to the publication of Scottish folk-song is
Robert Ford's Vagabond Songs of Scotland, first
and second series, 1899 and 1900. In both
these works folk-song as known in England is
largely present. The New Spalding Club of
Aberdeen in 1903 made an initial movement
towards the rescue of traditional Scottish song.
Mr. Gavin Greig (who is also a grantee under
the Carnegie Trust given to the Universities of
Scotland for research work) was commissioned
to collect systematically in the north-east of
Scotland. Mr. Greig's able paper, Folk-Song
in Buchan, being part of the Transactions of
the Buchan Field Club, gives some of the results
of his labours. The Scottish National Song
Society, recently founded, is also turning its
attention to folk-song research. f. k.
SCOTTISH OECHESTRA, THE. The Scottish
Orchestra Company, Limited, was formed
in 1891 with the object of fostering the study
and love of orchestral music in Scotland, and
for the purpose of organising and maintaining
an efficient orchestra available for concerts
throughout Scotland. To this end a fully
equipped band of eighty performers, named
'
The Scottish Orchestra,' was recruited in 1893
under the leadership of Mr. Maurice Sons, and
conducted by Mr. George Henschel. Its headquarters
are in Glasgow ; and during the autumn
and winter season concerts are given not only in
Glasgow, but also in Edinburgh (in thelattercity
at the series of concerts under the management
of Messrs. Paterson & Sons), and less frequently
at Aberdeen, Dundee, Dunfermline, Paisley,
Greenock, and in many other towns, by this fine
combination of players.
Apart from the presentation of purely orchestral
compositions the Scottish orchestra has
frequently been associated with the principal
Scottish choral societies in the production of
important choral works. In 1895 Mr. Henschel
resigned the post of conductor, and was succeeded
first by Herr "Wilhelm Kes (1895 to 1898), and
later by Herr Wilhelm Bruch (1898 to 1900).
Since 1900 the band has been conducted by
Dr. Frederic Cowen. In 1903 Mr. Henri
Verbrugghen replaced Mr. Sons as leader.
In the absence of the regular conductor, the
Scottish Orchestra has played under thedu-ection
of many famous conductors, including Richard
Strauss, Fritz Steinbaoh, Edouard Colonne,
Hans Richter, Henry J. Wood, and others,
and though, in accorciance with the purpose for
which it was founded, the appearances of this
band are appropriately confined mainly to the
country north of the Tweed, it has played in
London, Leeds, Newcastle, Huddersfield, and
elsewhere. E. p. m'=e.
SCEIABIN, Alexander Nicholaevich,
composer and pianist, born in Moscow, Jan. 10,