Grove's dictionary of music and musicians

438 SHAKE SHALIAPIN
The above arrangement constitutes what is
called a false trill, the effect of a complete trill
being produced in spite of the occasional omission
of one of the notes. There are also other kinds
of false triUs, intended to produce the effect of
real ones, when the latter would be too difficult.
Thus Ex. 39 represents a shake in thirds, Ex.
40 a shake in octaves, and £x. 41 a three-part
shake in sixths.
39. Mendelssohn, Concerto in D minor.
tr.
40. Liszt, Transcription of Mendelssohn's
'
Wedding March.'
Sdo.
tr.
J^^^ f -f f ^ f-
The above method of producing a shake in
three parts is generally resorted to when great
force is requii-ed, otherwise the ordinary method
is quite practicable, and both double and triple
shakes are frequently met with in modem
brilliant music (Ex. 42, 43).
42. Chopin, Polonaise, Op. 25.
43. Beethoven, Polonaise, Op. 89.
"m^t
The speed of a shake cannot be exactly defined
in notes, since it is usually better, except in the
case of very short trills (as in Ex. 23), that the
notes of the shake should bear no definite proportion
to the value of the written note.
Generally, the shake should be as rapid as is
consistent with distinctness. When a proportional
shake is required it is usually written
out in full, as at the end of the Adagio of
Beethoven's Sonata in Eb, op. 72, No. 1. r. T.
SHAKESPEARE, William, composer, vocalist,
pianist, born at Croydon, June 16, 1849.
At the age of thirteen he was appointed organist
at the church where formerly he had attracted
attention in the choir. In 1862 he commenced
a three years' course of study of harmony and
counterpoint under Moliqxie ; but after that
master's death, having in 1866 gained the
King's Scholarship at the Koyal Academy of
Music, continued his studies there for five years
under Sir W. Sterndale Bennett. Whilst at
the Royal Academy he produced and performed
at the students' concerts a pianoforte sonata, a
pianoforte trio, a capricoio for pianoforte and
orchestra, and a pianoforte concerto ; and
attracted some notice as a solo-player.
He was elected Mendelssohn Scholar in 1871,
for composition and pianoforte - playing, and
in accordance with the wish of the Committee
entered the Conservatorium at Leipzig. There,
whilst under the instruction of the director,
Carl Reinecke, he produced and conducted in the
Gewandhaus a symphony in C minor. Having
discovered himself to be the possessor of a tenor
voice he was sent by the Mendelssohn Scholarship
Committee to study singing with Lamperti
at Milan, and there remained for two and a half
years. But though singing was his chief pursuit
he did not neglect composition, and while in Italy
wrote two overtures, two string quartets, and
other works.
In 1875 he returned to England, and entered
upon the career of a concert and oratorio singer.
He was appointed in 1878 Professor of Singing,
and in 1880 conductor of the concerts, at the
Royal Academy of Music. [This latter office he
resigned in 1886. Shakespeare was conductor
of the Strolling Players' Orchestral Society in
1901-5.]
His voice, though both sweet and sympathetic
in quality, is somewhat deficient in power ;
and
his success as a singer must therefore be attributed
to the purity of his vocal production and
to his complete mastery of all styles of music.
His compositions, which are marked by considerable
charm and elegance, show the influence
of Schumann and Bennett ; and in his overture,
performed at the Crystal Palace in 1874, and
his Pianoforte Concerto, at the Brighton Festival
of 1879, he proves himself an adept at musical
form. J. c. e.
SHALIAPIN, Fedoe. Ivanovioh, celebrated
opera-singer, born Feb. 11,,1873, at Kazan. His
father was a peasant, and unable to give his son
any educational advantages, musical or otherwise.
At seventeen the young man joined
a provincial opera-company, and was soon entrusted
with leading parts. In 1892, after a
tour in the region of the Caspian Sea and the
Caucasus, he found himself in Tiflis, where
he studied for a year with Oussatov. Two
years later he began to sing in St. Petersburg,
at the Summer Theatre, the Aquarium and