Grove's dictionary of music and musicians

eturned
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ROUGET DE LISLE ROUND 165
three books of madrigals, two a 5 (Venice, 1579-
' the information contained in the above ai-ticle has been derived.
Girondins,' which was set to music by Varney,
1589), one a i (1592) ; two books of motets a, and played a distinguished part in the Revolution
5-10 (1584, 1595) ; and one book of masses a of 1848. [He wrote another set of twenty-five
4-6 (1595). A very pleasing madrigal a 5 is republished
romances with violin obbligato, and two opera-
,
in Torchi's ' L' Arte Musicale in Italia, librettos,
'
Jaoquot, ou I'^cole des meres ' for
Delia Maria, and Macbeth ' ' for Chelard, produced
in 1827.] His ' Relation du d^sastre de
Quiberon,' is in vol. ii. of the Mimoires de tons.
There exists a fine medallion of Rouget by
'
a 10.
J. K. M. David d'Angers, which is engraved in a pamphlet
ROUGET DE LISLE, Claude Joseph, by his nephew, entitled La vMti sur la pater^
author of the 'Marseillaise,' born at Montaigu, niti de la Marseillaise (Paris, 1865). See the
Lons-le-Saulnier, May 10, 1760. He entered volume of M. Le Roy de Ste. Croix (Strasburg,
the School of Royal Engineers (' feole royale du 1880). G. c.
'
g^nie') at Mezieres in 1782, and left it two ROUND. I. A species of canon in the
years later with the rank of ' aspirant-lieutenant. unison, so called because the performers begin
Early in 1789 he was made second lieutenant, the melody at regular rhythmical periods, and
and ill 1790 he rose to be first lieutenant, and was return from its conclusion to its commencement,
moved to Strasburg, where he soon became very so that it continually' passes round and round
popular in the triple capacity of poet, violinplayer,
from one to another of them.' Rounds and
and singer. His hymn, 'k la Liberte,' Catches, the most characteristic forms of English
composed by Ignace Pleyel, was sung at Strasburg,
music, differ irom canons in only being sung at
at the fete of Sept. 25, 1791. While the unison or octave, and also in being rhyth-
there he wrote three pieces for the theatre, one mical in form. Originating at a period of which
of which, Bayard en ' Bresse, ' was produced at we have 'but few musical records, these compositions
Paris, Feb. 21, 1791, but without success. In
have been written and sung in England
April 1792 he wrote the 'Marseillaise,' of which with unvarying popularity until the present day.
an account has been given elsewhere. [See vol. The earliest extant example of a round is the
iii. p. 62 ff.] As the son of royalist parents, well-known 'Sumer is icumen in,' as to the
and himself belonging to the constitutional date of which there has been much discussion,
party, Rouget de Lisle refused to take the oath although it is certainly not later than the middle
to the constitution abolishing the crown ; he of the 13th century. [See Sumee is ioumen
was therefore stripped of his military rank, IN.] Amongst early VTriters on music, the terms
denounced, and imprisoned, only to escape after
' round ' and ' catch ' were synonymous, but at
the fall of Robespierre in 1764, [an event he the present day the latter is generally understood
to be what Hawkins (vol. ii.) defines as
celebrated in a Hymne ' dithyrambique,' etc.
A 'Chant des vengeances' (1798) and 'Chant that species of round wherein, to humour some
'
du combat' (1800) are mentioned in Riemann's conceit in the words, the melody is broken,
Lemkon.'\ He re-entered the army, and made and the sense interrupted in one part, and
the campaign of La Vendee under General Hoche caught again or supplied by another,' a form
was wounded, and at length, under the Consulate,
of humour which easUy adapted itself to the
. to private life at Montaigu, coarse tastes of the Restoration, at which period
where he remained in the depth of solitude and rounds and catches reached their highest popularity.
of poverty till the second Restoration. His
That catches were immensely popular
brother then sold the little family property, and with the lower classes is proved by the numerous
Rouget was driven to Paris ; and there would allusions to ' alehouse catches ' and the like in
have starved but for a small pension granted by the dramas of the 16th and 17th centuries. According
Louis XVIII. and continued by Louis Philippe,
to Drayton (Legend ofThomas Cromwell,
and for the care of his friends B^ranger, David Stanza 29) they were introduced into Italy by
d'Angers, and especially M. and Mme. Voiart, the Earl of Essex in 1510.
in whose house, at Choisy-le-Roi, he died, June The first printed collection of rounds was that
27, 1836.
edited by Thomas Ravenacroft, and published in
Besides the works already mentioned, he published
1609 under the title of 'Pammelia. Musickes
in 1797 a volume of Bssais en vers et en Miscellanie : or Mixed Varietie of pleasant
prose (Paris, E. Didot, an V de la R^publique), Roundelayes and delightfuU Catches of 3. 4. 5.
dedicated to M^hul, and now extremely rare ;
so
also is his 'Cinquante chants Fran9ais' (1825,
4to), with PF. accompaniment. One of these
1
songs, 'Roland k Roncevaux,' -was written in The Bounds, ' Catches, and Canons of England ; a Collection of
Specimens of the sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries
1792, and its refrain
adapted to Modern Use. The Words revised, adapted, or re-written
by the Hev. J. Powell Metcalfe. The Music selected and revised, and
Monrir pour la patrie,
An Introductory Essay on the Bise and Progress of the Bound.
C'est le sort le plus beau, le plus digne d'envie— Catch, and Canon ; also Biographical Notices of tlie Composers,
was borrowed by the authors of the Chant des written by Edward P. Bimbault, LL.D.,' from which work much of
vol. i., also an Agnus Dei a, 7 with double
canon, and a Dixit Dominus a 8. Padre
Martini's Eseniplare contains a Da Pacem by
Rota, and Paolucoi's 'L'Arte Prattica,' a motet
6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Parts in one.' This interesting
collection contains many English, French, and
Latin rounds, etc., some of which are still