Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design - Webs

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Contents 5.25 Packaging 135 5.25.1 Other Packaging Techniques 138 References 139 6 LNA Design 141 6.1 Introduction and Basic Amplifiers 141 6.1.1 Common-Emitter Amplifier (Driver) 141 6.1.2 Simplified Expressions for Widely Separated Poles 146 6.1.3 The Common-Base Amplifier (Cascode) 146 6.1.4 The Common-Collector Amplifier (Emitter Follower) 148 6.2 Amplifiers with Feedback 152 6.2.1 Common-Emitter with Series Feedback (Emitter Degeneration) 152 6.2.2 The Common-Emitter with Shunt Feedback 154 6.3 Noise in Amplifiers 158 6.3.1 Input-Referred Noise Model of the Bipolar Transistor 159 6.3.2 Noise Figure of the Common-Emitter Amplifier 161 6.3.3 Input Matching of LNAs for Low Noise 163 6.3.4 Relationship Between Noise Figure and Bias Current 169 6.3.5 Effect of the Cascode on Noise Figure 170 6.3.6 Noise in the Common-Collector Amplifier 171 6.4 Linearity in Amplifiers 172 6.4.1 Exponential Nonlinearity in the Bipolar Transistor 172 6.4.2 Nonlinearity in the Output Impedance of the Bipolar Transistor 180 6.4.3 High-Frequency Nonlinearity in the Bipolar Transistor 182 6.4.4 Linearity in Common-Collector Configuration 182 6.5 Differential Pair (Emitter-Coupled Pair) and Other Differential Amplifiers 183 6.6 Low-Voltage Topologies for LNAs and the Use of On-Chip Transformers 184 ix
x Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design 6.7 DC Bias Networks 187 6.7.1 Temperature Effects 189 6.8 Broadband LNA Design Example 189 References 194 Selected Bibliography 195 7 Mixers 197 7.1 Introduction 197 7.2 Mixing with Nonlinearity 197 7.3 Basic Mixer Operation 198 7.4 Controlled Transconductance Mixer 198 7.5 Double-Balanced Mixer 200 7.6 Mixer with Switching of Upper Quad 202 7.6.1 Why LO Switching? 203 7.6.2 Picking the LO Level 204 7.6.3 Analysis of Switching Modulator 205 7.7 Mixer Noise 206 7.8 Linearity 215 7.8.1 Desired Nonlinearity 215 7.8.2 Undesired Nonlinearity 215 7.9 Improving Isolation 217 7.10 Image Reject and Single-Sideband Mixer 217 7.10.1 Alternative Single-Sideband Mixers 219 7.10.2 Generating 90° Phase Shift 220 7.10.3 Image Rejection with Amplitude and Phase Mismatch 224 7.11 Alternative Mixer Designs 227 7.11.1 The Moore Mixer 228 7.11.2 Mixers with Transformer Input 228 7.11.3 Mixer with Simultaneous Noise and Power Match 229 7.11.4 Mixers with Coupling Capacitors 230
Page 2 and 3: Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit
Page 4 and 5: Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit
Page 6 and 7: Contents Foreword xv Acknowledgment
Page 8 and 9: Contents 3.8 Base Shot Noise Discus
Page 12 and 13: Contents 7.12 General Design Commen
Page 14 and 15: Contents 9.5 Some Simple Image Reje
Page 16 and 17: Foreword I enjoyed reading this boo
Page 18: Foreword estimates of parasitic cap
Page 21 and 22: xx Radio Frequency Integrated Circu
Page 23 and 24: 2 Radio Frequency Integrated Circui
Page 30 and 31: 2 Issues in RFIC Design, Noise, Lin
Page 32 and 33: Issues in RFIC Design, Noise, Linea
Page 38 and 39: The input noise is Issues in RFIC D
Page 58 and 59: 2.5 Filtering Issues Issues in RFIC
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Issues in RFIC Design, Noise, Linea
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Issues in RFIC Design, Noise, Linea
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3 A Brief Review of Technology 3.1
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A Brief Review of Technology IC = I
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3.4 Small-Signal Model A Brief Revi
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3.6 High-Frequency Effects A Brief
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A Brief Review of Technology If thi
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A Brief Review of Technology Soluti
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A Brief Review of Technology 3.8 Ba
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A Brief Review of Technology • Pi
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A Brief Review of Technology 3.16,
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A Brief Review of Technology The tr
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4 Impedance Matching 4.1 Introducti
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Impedance Matching Z 2 = Z in + j
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Figure 4.5 A Smith chart. Impedance
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4.3 Impedance Matching Impedance Ma
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Impedance Matching Figure 4.9 Which
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Impedance Matching Figure 4.11 Lowp
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Impedance Matching section, convers
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Impedance Matching Much as in the p
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Impedance Matching Note that dots i
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Impedance Matching Thus, in the fir
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Impedance Matching The exact resist
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Impedance Matching 4.10 Quality Fac
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Impedance Matching Example 4.7 Matc
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Impedance Matching line to change w
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Impedance Matching S22 = b 2 a2 | a
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Impedance Matching without the need
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96 Radio Frequency Integrated Circu
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98 Radio Frequency Integrated Circu
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100 Radio Frequency Integrated Circ
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Voltage-Controlled Oscillators back
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I C_AVE = 1 Voltage-Controlled Osci
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Voltage-Controlled Oscillators Loop
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Voltage-Controlled Oscillators freq
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Voltage-Controlled Oscillators Figu
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Voltage-Controlled Oscillators from
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Voltage-Controlled Oscillators [10]
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10 Power Amplifiers 10.1 Introducti
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Power Amplifiers where G is the pow
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Power Amplifiers Figure 10.4 Optima
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Power Amplifiers Figure 10.8 Power
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Power Amplifiers Figure 10.9 Curren
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Power Amplifiers The efficiency is
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Power Amplifiers sinusoid), this pe
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Power Amplifiers Note that this agr
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Power Amplifiers stabilization. The
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Power Amplifiers Solution The first
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Power Amplifiers Figure 10.22 Class
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Figure 10.24 Class E waveforms. Pow
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Power Amplifiers B = 0.1836 0.81Q R
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Power Amplifiers Figure 10.25 Initi
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Power Amplifiers added to the funda
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Power Amplifiers 10.8.1 Variation o
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Example 10.4 Class F Power Amplifie
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Figure 10.36 Class H amplifier. Pow
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Power Amplifiers ered quite good. O
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Power Amplifiers Figure 10.39 Time-
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Figure 10.42 High-Q matching circui
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Figure 10.44 Multiple transistors.
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Power Amplifiers Figure 10.48 Combi
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Power Amplifiers have very narrow b
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Power Amplifiers Figure 10.53 Feedf
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Power Amplifiers in class A (input
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About the Authors John Rogers recei
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Index 1-dB compression point, 30-32
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Index Damped resonator, 247-48 Emit
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Index Local oscillator, 5 Mixing co
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Index Quadrature phase shift keying
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