Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design - Webs

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f T = LNA Design 1 2�(C� + C� ) = 1 = 44 GHz 2� � (700 fF + 23.2 fF) Knowing the pole frequency, we can estimate the gain at higher frequencies, assuming that there are no other poles present, with A vo A v ( f ) = f 1 + j f P1 Example 6.3 Calculation of Gain of Single-Pole Amplifier 145 (6.8) For the above example, for A vo = 20 with f P1 = 2.76 GHz, calculate the gain at 5.6 GHz. Solution With f P1 = 2.76 GHz, at 5.6 GHz, the gain can be calculated to be 8.84, or 18.9 dB. This is down by about 7 dB from the low-frequency gain. vo vs The exact expression for vo /vs (after about one page of algebra) is = C� R ′ S� s 2 + s� 1 C� R S� + s − g m C� 1 + C�� Z L′ g m C�� +� 1 C� R S� C� Z ′ L�� (6.9) where: R ′ S = R S + r b , R S� = R ′ S ||r� , C�� = C� in series with C � , and Z ′ L = Z L ||ro . As expected, this equation features a zero in the right-half plane and real, well-separated poles, similar to that of a pole-splitting operational amplifier [1]. Example 6.4 Calculation of Exact Poles and Zeros Calculate poles and zeros for the transistor amplifier as in the previous example. Solution Results for the previous example: 15x npn, 5 mA, Z L = 100�, C� = 23.2 fF, C� = 700 fF, R S = 50�, r b = 5�. Using (6.9), the results are that the poles are at 2.66 and 118.3 GHz; the zero is at 1,384 GHz. Thus, the exact equation has been used to verify the original assumptions that the two poles are well separated, that the dominant pole is approximately at the frequency given by
146 Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design the previous equations, and the second pole and feedforward zero in this expression are well above the frequency of interest. 6.1.2 Simplified Expressions for Widely Separated Poles If a system can be described by a second-order transfer function given by vo v i = A(s − z) s 2 + sb + c then the poles of this system are given by and P 1,2 =− b b 4c ± 1 − 2 2 √ b 2 If the poles are well separated, then 4c /b 2
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Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit
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Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit
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Contents Foreword xv Acknowledgment
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Contents 3.8 Base Shot Noise Discus
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Contents 5.25 Packaging 135 5.25.1
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Contents 7.12 General Design Commen
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Contents 9.5 Some Simple Image Reje
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Foreword I enjoyed reading this boo
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Foreword estimates of parasitic cap
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xx Radio Frequency Integrated Circu
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2 Radio Frequency Integrated Circui
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2 Issues in RFIC Design, Noise, Lin
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Issues in RFIC Design, Noise, Linea
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The input noise is Issues in RFIC D
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2.5 Filtering Issues Issues in RFIC
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3 A Brief Review of Technology 3.1
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A Brief Review of Technology IC = I
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3.4 Small-Signal Model A Brief Revi
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3.6 High-Frequency Effects A Brief
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A Brief Review of Technology If thi
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A Brief Review of Technology Soluti
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A Brief Review of Technology 3.8 Ba
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A Brief Review of Technology • Pi
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A Brief Review of Technology 3.16,
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A Brief Review of Technology The tr
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4 Impedance Matching 4.1 Introducti
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Impedance Matching Z 2 = Z in + j
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Figure 4.5 A Smith chart. Impedance
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4.3 Impedance Matching Impedance Ma
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Impedance Matching Figure 4.9 Which
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Impedance Matching Figure 4.11 Lowp
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Impedance Matching section, convers
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Impedance Matching Much as in the p
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Impedance Matching Note that dots i
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Impedance Matching Thus, in the fir
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Impedance Matching The exact resist
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Impedance Matching 4.10 Quality Fac
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Impedance Matching Example 4.7 Matc
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Impedance Matching line to change w
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Impedance Matching S22 = b 2 a2 | a
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Impedance Matching without the need
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Voltage-Controlled Oscillators back
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I C_AVE = 1 Voltage-Controlled Osci
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Voltage-Controlled Oscillators Loop
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Voltage-Controlled Oscillators freq
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Voltage-Controlled Oscillators Figu
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Voltage-Controlled Oscillators from
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Voltage-Controlled Oscillators [10]
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10 Power Amplifiers 10.1 Introducti
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Power Amplifiers where G is the pow
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Power Amplifiers Figure 10.4 Optima
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Power Amplifiers Figure 10.8 Power
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Power Amplifiers Figure 10.9 Curren
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Power Amplifiers The efficiency is
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Power Amplifiers sinusoid), this pe
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Power Amplifiers Note that this agr
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Power Amplifiers stabilization. The
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Power Amplifiers Solution The first
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Power Amplifiers Figure 10.22 Class
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Figure 10.24 Class E waveforms. Pow
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Power Amplifiers B = 0.1836 0.81Q R
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Power Amplifiers Figure 10.25 Initi
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Power Amplifiers added to the funda
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Power Amplifiers 10.8.1 Variation o
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Example 10.4 Class F Power Amplifie
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Figure 10.36 Class H amplifier. Pow
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Power Amplifiers ered quite good. O
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Power Amplifiers Figure 10.39 Time-
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Figure 10.42 High-Q matching circui
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Figure 10.44 Multiple transistors.
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Power Amplifiers Figure 10.48 Combi
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Power Amplifiers have very narrow b
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Power Amplifiers Figure 10.53 Feedf
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Power Amplifiers in class A (input
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About the Authors John Rogers recei
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Index 1-dB compression point, 30-32
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Index Damped resonator, 247-48 Emit
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Index Local oscillator, 5 Mixing co
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Index Quadrature phase shift keying
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