Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design - Webs

Power Amplifiers
in class A (input is +5 dBm), the second stage operates in class AB, and the
last two stages operate as switching circuits to deliver substantial power with
relatively high efficiency. (Note that class C amplifiers are also high efficiency,
however, only at low conduction angles; thus they provide high efficiency only
at low power levels.)
Measured results with a 2.5V power supply showed output power of 1W
(30 dBm) with a power added efficiency of 42%.
References
[1] Fowler, T., et al., ‘‘Efficiency Improvement Techniques at Low Power Levels for Linear
CDMA and WCDMA Power Amplifiers,’’ Proc. Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symposium,
Seattle, WA, May 2001, pp. 41–44.
[2] Staudinger, J., ‘‘An Overview of Efficiency Enhancements with Applications to Linear
Handset Power Amplifiers,’’ Proc. Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symposium, Seattle,
WA, May 2001, pp. 45–48.
[3] Grebennikov, A. V., ‘‘Switched-Mode Tuned High-Efficiency Power Amplifiers: Historical
Aspect and Future Prospect,’’ Proc. Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symposium, Seattle,
WA, May 2001, pp. 49–52.
[4] Krauss, H. L., C. W. Bostian, and F. H. Raab, Solid State Radio Engineering, New York:
John Wiley & Sons, 1980.
[5] Cripps, S. C., RF Power Amplifiers for Wireless Communications, Norwood, MA: Artech
House, 1999.
[6] Albulet, M., RF Power Amplifiers, Atlanta, GA: Noble Publishing, 2001.
[7] Kenington, P. B., High Linearity RF Amplifier Design, Norwood, MA: Artech House,
2000.
[8] Sokal, N. O., and A. D. Sokal, ‘‘Class E: A New Class of High Efficiency Tuned Single-
Ended Power Amplifiers,’’ IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, SC-10, No. 3, June 1975,
pp. 168–176.
[9] Sowlati, T., and D. Leenaerts, ‘‘A 2.4GHz, 0.18�m CMOS Self-Biased Cascode Power
Amplifier with 23dBm Output Power,’’ Proc. International Solid-State Circuits Conference,
Feb. 2002, pp. 294–295.
[10] Shinjo, S., et al., ‘‘A 20mA Quiescent Current CV/CC Parallel Operation HBT Power
Amplfier for W-CDMA Terminals,’’ Proc. Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symposium,
Seattle, May 2001, pp. 249–252.
[11] Pothecary, N., Feedforward Linear Power Amplifiers, Norwood, MA: Artech House, 1999.
[12] Yoo, C., and Q. Huang, ‘‘A Common-Gate Switched 0.9W Class E Power Amplifier with
41% PAE in 0.25�m CMOS,’’ IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, May 2001, pp. 823–830.
[13] Kuo, T., and B. Lusignan, ‘‘A 1.5W Class-F RF Power Amplifier in 0.25�m CMOS
Technology,’’ Proc. International Solid-State Circuits Conference, Feb. 2001, pp. 154–155.
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