Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design - Webs

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Mixers Figure 7.2 Transconductance controlled mixer: (a) basic circuit, and (b) output current waveform. transconductance is controlled by the current Io , which in turn is controlled by the input voltage v 1. Thus, the output current will be dependent on both input voltages v 1 and v 2. Let us now look in detail at the operation of this mixer. As shown in Chapter 6, the current in a differential pair is related to the voltage by the following equation: i1 = i2 = I o 1 + e −v 2 /v T Io 1 + e v 2 /v T Thus, the difference in the output currents from the mixer is given by 1 io = i1 − i2 = Io�1 + e −v2 /v 1 − T 1 + e v2 /vT� = Io tanh v 2 2vT 199 (7.1) (7.2) This can be converted to a differential voltage with equal load resistors in the collectors. For small input signals, if v 2
200 Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design io = (Io + g mcv1) tanh v 2 2vT = Io tanh v 2 2vT � + g mcv1 tanh v 2 2vT � v 2 feedthrough multiplication (mixing) (7.4) We note that feedthrough appear equally in the output voltages above (common mode), and so does not appear in the differential output voltage. 7.5 Double-Balanced Mixer In order to eliminate the v 2 feed-through, it is possible to combine the output of this circuit with another circuit driven by −v 2, as shown in Figure 7.3. This circuit has four switching transistors known as the switching quad. The output current from the second differential pair is given by io ′ = i 6 − i 5 = Io tanh v 2 2vT − g mcv1 tanh v 2 2vT Therefore the total differential current is iob = io − io ′ = 2g mcv1 tanh v 2 2vT (7.5) (7.6) This removes the v 2 feed-through term that was present in (7.4). The last step in making this circuit practical is to replace the ideal current sources with an actual amplifier stage, as shown in Figure 7.4. Now v 1 is applied Figure 7.3 Double-balanced transconductance-controlled mixer.
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Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit
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Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit
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Contents Foreword xv Acknowledgment
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Contents 3.8 Base Shot Noise Discus
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Contents 5.25 Packaging 135 5.25.1
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Contents 7.12 General Design Commen
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Contents 9.5 Some Simple Image Reje
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Foreword I enjoyed reading this boo
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Foreword estimates of parasitic cap
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xx Radio Frequency Integrated Circu
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2 Radio Frequency Integrated Circui
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2 Issues in RFIC Design, Noise, Lin
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Issues in RFIC Design, Noise, Linea
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The input noise is Issues in RFIC D
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2.5 Filtering Issues Issues in RFIC
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3 A Brief Review of Technology 3.1
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A Brief Review of Technology IC = I
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3.4 Small-Signal Model A Brief Revi
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3.6 High-Frequency Effects A Brief
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A Brief Review of Technology If thi
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A Brief Review of Technology Soluti
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A Brief Review of Technology 3.8 Ba
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A Brief Review of Technology • Pi
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A Brief Review of Technology 3.16,
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A Brief Review of Technology The tr
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4 Impedance Matching 4.1 Introducti
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Impedance Matching Z 2 = Z in + j
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Figure 4.5 A Smith chart. Impedance
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4.3 Impedance Matching Impedance Ma
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Impedance Matching Figure 4.9 Which
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Impedance Matching Figure 4.11 Lowp
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Impedance Matching section, convers
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Impedance Matching Much as in the p
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Impedance Matching Note that dots i
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Impedance Matching Thus, in the fir
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Impedance Matching The exact resist
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Impedance Matching 4.10 Quality Fac
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Impedance Matching Example 4.7 Matc
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Impedance Matching line to change w
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Impedance Matching S22 = b 2 a2 | a
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Impedance Matching without the need
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96 Radio Frequency Integrated Circu
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98 Radio Frequency Integrated Circu
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100 Radio Frequency Integrated Circ
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Voltage-Controlled Oscillators back
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I C_AVE = 1 Voltage-Controlled Osci
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Voltage-Controlled Oscillators Loop
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Voltage-Controlled Oscillators freq
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Voltage-Controlled Oscillators Figu
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Voltage-Controlled Oscillators from
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Voltage-Controlled Oscillators [10]
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10 Power Amplifiers 10.1 Introducti
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Power Amplifiers where G is the pow
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Power Amplifiers Figure 10.4 Optima
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Power Amplifiers Figure 10.8 Power
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Power Amplifiers Figure 10.9 Curren
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Power Amplifiers The efficiency is
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Power Amplifiers sinusoid), this pe
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Power Amplifiers Note that this agr
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Power Amplifiers stabilization. The
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Power Amplifiers Solution The first
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Power Amplifiers Figure 10.22 Class
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Figure 10.24 Class E waveforms. Pow
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Power Amplifiers B = 0.1836 0.81Q R
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Power Amplifiers Figure 10.25 Initi
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Power Amplifiers added to the funda
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Power Amplifiers 10.8.1 Variation o
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Example 10.4 Class F Power Amplifie
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Figure 10.36 Class H amplifier. Pow
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Power Amplifiers ered quite good. O
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Power Amplifiers Figure 10.39 Time-
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Figure 10.42 High-Q matching circui
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Figure 10.44 Multiple transistors.
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Power Amplifiers Figure 10.48 Combi
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Power Amplifiers have very narrow b
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Power Amplifiers Figure 10.53 Feedf
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Power Amplifiers in class A (input
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About the Authors John Rogers recei
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Index 1-dB compression point, 30-32
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Index Damped resonator, 247-48 Emit
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Index Local oscillator, 5 Mixing co
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Index Quadrature phase shift keying
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