Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design - Webs

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Mixers Figure 7.4 Double-balanced mixer with amplifier implemented as a differential pair with degeneration. to a differential pair so that the small-signal component of i 1 and i 2 are the inverse of each other, that is, and i 1 ≈ I o + v 1 2 i 2 = Io − v 1 2 1 re + R E 1 re + R E 201 (7.7) (7.8) Currents from the switching quad are related to v 2, i 1, and i 2 by (7.2) through (7.6). i 3 = i 1 1 + e −v 2 /v T i 1 i 4 = 1 + e v2 /vT i 2 i 5 = 1 + e v2 /vT i 6 = i 2 1 + e −v 2 /v T (7.9)
202 Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design Then, assuming that the amplifier formed by Q 1 and Q 2 is linear, (i 3 + i 5) − (i 4 + i 6) = tanh� v 2 2vT� (i 1 − i 2) = tanh� v 2 v 1 2vT� re + R E (7.10) The output differential voltage is vo =−tanh� v 2 v 1 R C 2vT� re + R E Thus, the gain of the circuit relative to v 1 can be determined: vo v 1 =−tanh� v 2 R C 2vT� re + R E (7.11) (7.12) With R E = 0, a general large-signal expression for the output can also be written: vo =−2R C Io tanh� v 1 2vT� tanh� v 2 2vT� (7.13) This takes into account nonlinearity from the bottom pair as well as from the top quad. Previously, with R E present, the bottom was treated in a linear fashion. 7.6 Mixer with Switching of Upper Quad Usually, a downconverting mixer is operated with v 1 as the RF signal and v 2 as the local oscillator. The RF input must be linear, and linearity is improved by the degeneration resistors. Why must the RF input be linear? In a communications receiver application, the RF input can have several channels at different frequencies and different amplitudes. If the RF input circuitry were nonlinear, adjacent channels could intermodulate and interfere with the desired channel. For example, with inputs at 900, 900.2, and 900.4 MHz, if 900 MHz is desired, the third-order intermodulation term from the two other signals occurs at 2 � 900.2 − 900.4 = 900 MHz, which is directly on top of the desired signal. The LO input need not be linear, since the LO is clean and of known amplitude. In fact, the LO input is usually designed to switch the upper quad
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Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit
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Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit
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Contents Foreword xv Acknowledgment
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Contents 3.8 Base Shot Noise Discus
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Contents 5.25 Packaging 135 5.25.1
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Contents 7.12 General Design Commen
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Contents 9.5 Some Simple Image Reje
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Foreword I enjoyed reading this boo
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Foreword estimates of parasitic cap
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xx Radio Frequency Integrated Circu
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2 Radio Frequency Integrated Circui
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2 Issues in RFIC Design, Noise, Lin
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Issues in RFIC Design, Noise, Linea
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The input noise is Issues in RFIC D
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2.5 Filtering Issues Issues in RFIC
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3 A Brief Review of Technology 3.1
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A Brief Review of Technology IC = I
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3.4 Small-Signal Model A Brief Revi
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3.6 High-Frequency Effects A Brief
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A Brief Review of Technology If thi
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A Brief Review of Technology Soluti
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A Brief Review of Technology 3.8 Ba
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A Brief Review of Technology • Pi
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A Brief Review of Technology 3.16,
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A Brief Review of Technology The tr
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4 Impedance Matching 4.1 Introducti
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Impedance Matching Z 2 = Z in + j
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Figure 4.5 A Smith chart. Impedance
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4.3 Impedance Matching Impedance Ma
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Impedance Matching Figure 4.9 Which
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Impedance Matching Figure 4.11 Lowp
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Impedance Matching section, convers
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Impedance Matching Much as in the p
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Impedance Matching Note that dots i
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Impedance Matching Thus, in the fir
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Impedance Matching The exact resist
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Impedance Matching 4.10 Quality Fac
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Impedance Matching Example 4.7 Matc
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Impedance Matching line to change w
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Impedance Matching S22 = b 2 a2 | a
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Impedance Matching without the need
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96 Radio Frequency Integrated Circu
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98 Radio Frequency Integrated Circu
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100 Radio Frequency Integrated Circ
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Voltage-Controlled Oscillators back
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I C_AVE = 1 Voltage-Controlled Osci
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Voltage-Controlled Oscillators Loop
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Voltage-Controlled Oscillators freq
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Voltage-Controlled Oscillators Figu
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Voltage-Controlled Oscillators from
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Voltage-Controlled Oscillators [10]
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10 Power Amplifiers 10.1 Introducti
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Power Amplifiers where G is the pow
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Power Amplifiers Figure 10.4 Optima
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Power Amplifiers Figure 10.8 Power
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Power Amplifiers Figure 10.9 Curren
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Power Amplifiers The efficiency is
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Power Amplifiers sinusoid), this pe
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Power Amplifiers Note that this agr
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Power Amplifiers stabilization. The
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Power Amplifiers Solution The first
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Power Amplifiers Figure 10.22 Class
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Figure 10.24 Class E waveforms. Pow
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Power Amplifiers B = 0.1836 0.81Q R
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Power Amplifiers Figure 10.25 Initi
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Power Amplifiers added to the funda
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Power Amplifiers 10.8.1 Variation o
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Example 10.4 Class F Power Amplifie
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Figure 10.36 Class H amplifier. Pow
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Power Amplifiers ered quite good. O
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Power Amplifiers Figure 10.39 Time-
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Figure 10.42 High-Q matching circui
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Figure 10.44 Multiple transistors.
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Power Amplifiers Figure 10.48 Combi
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Power Amplifiers have very narrow b
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Power Amplifiers Figure 10.53 Feedf
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Power Amplifiers in class A (input
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About the Authors John Rogers recei
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Index 1-dB compression point, 30-32
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Index Damped resonator, 247-48 Emit
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Index Local oscillator, 5 Mixing co
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Index Quadrature phase shift keying
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