VSF 2010 Report - Nabo

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early settlement of the Westfjords would be beneficial for all researches on Icelandic landnám period and for all spatio-temporal questions regarding colonization of the country and long-term change. The Vatnsfjörður assemblage is currently spatially isolated, with no contemporaneous collection available for this region of Iceland. Further archaeological excavation in the Westfjords shall provide those lacking assemblages and are therefore recommended. Bibliography Dupont-Hébert, C. (2010) Vatnsfjörður 2009 Zooarchaeological Analysis, in Milek K. (ed) Vatnsfjörður 2009 Framvinduskýrslur/Interim Report FS449-03099, Reykjavík: Fornleifastofnun Íslands, pp. 82-94. Dupont-Hébert, C. (2009) Vatnsfjörður 2008 Preliminary Zooarchaeological Analysis, in Milek K. (ed) Vatnsfjörður 2008 Framvinduskýrslur/Interim Report FS426-03098, Reykjavík: Fornleifastofnun Íslands, pp. 96-104. Grant, A. (1982) The Use of Tooth Wear as a Guide to the Age of Domestic Ungulates, in Wilson B., Grigson C. and S. Payne (eds.) Ageing and Sexing Animal Bones from Archaeological Sites, BAR British Series 109, pp. 91-108. Milek, K. (ed) 2010 Vatnsfjöður 2009 Framvinduskýrslur/Interim Report FS449-03099, Reykjavík: Fornleifastofnun Íslands. 154
BOTANICAL REMAINS FROM A SAMPLE COLUMN THROUGH THE FARM MOUND Dawn Elise Mooney University of Aberdeen and Fornleifastofnun Íslands Introduction During fieldwork at Vatnsfjörður in 2008, a sample column for soil micromorphological sampling was excavated on the western edge of the farm mound by a team from the University of Stirling, Scotland. This western edge was chosen for several reasons. Firstly, it is located away from the main structures situated on the farm mound, and as such excavations here were unlikely to disturb any buildings or other key archaeological features. This area behind the buildings was also a likely location for midden deposits, which would contain domestic waste from throughout the period of occupation of the farm mound. Lastly, the diverted stream course which flows to the west of the farm mound provided easy access to these deposits (Parkin et al 2009). The purpose of this column was to obtain samples for a soil micromorphological study of fuel resources at Vatnsfjörður from the earliest occupation of the site into the Medieval Period. 27 separate contexts were identified in the column, which reached a maximum depth of 1.5m. Three radiocarbon dates from Betula charcoal were obtained from the column, giving calibrated dates of AD 825±35 (24cm from base of column), AD 1035±35 (29cm from base of column) and AD 1220±35 (84cm from base of column) (Parkin et al 2009). This shows that the midden deposits here date from Landnám into the Medieval Period. The analysis of 8 micromorphological samples from throughout the column show that: “There appears to have been a consistent mix of a range of fuel resources utilised from Landnám into the early Norse period, before high-temperature peat burning became to most prevalent type of combustion on the farm mound. This situation remained the same for a considerable length of time until, sometime prior to the mid-thirteenth century, wood charcoal made a noticeable return to prominence.” (Parkin et al 2009, p.141) In 2010, a second column was excavated adjacent to and to the north of the 2008 column, in order to collect bulk samples for archaeobotanical remains from throughout the depth of these midden deposits. The analysis of these samples allows three separate avenues through which to understand changes which took place between the Viking Age and Medieval Period at Vatnsfjörður: changes in local environment and plant resource exploitation, changes in fuel use, and changes in the origin of wood used for fuel at the site. These results should be directly comparable to the 2008 column, and thus help build a fuller picture of the Viking Age and Medieval Period occupation of the Vatnsfjörður farm mound. Excavation Excavation of the sample column took place during the last week of July 2010, the first week of the VSF10 field season. Twenty-two individual contexts were identified during excavation, and it was these that were sampled for archaeobotanical remains (Figure 1 and accompanying context descriptions). A mixed layer of dark brown sandy silt was uncovered sitting on top of a recent turf mat – this was spoil from the 2008 adjacent test pit. Below this 155
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VATNSFJÖRÐUR 2010 FRAMVINDUSKÝRS
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EFNI / CONTENTS Vatnsfjörður 2003
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SAMANTEKT Garðar Guðmundsson Forn
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Sem fyrr voru nemendur víða að,
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tóbakspípum, ofnum og prjónuðum
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q Borgarey Mjóifjörður Skálav
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shown. Mynd/Figure 4. Stitched aeri
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OVERVIEW Karen Milek University of
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Summary of the Vatnsfjörður Resea
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floor layer, and is likely to an ea
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against the 3 m thick, external wes
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• The digital terrain model of th
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ÚTGEFNAR, SKÝRSLUR, RITGERÐIR OG
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ERINDI UM VATNSFJÖRÐ PRESENTATION
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ANNAÐ PUBLIC OUTREACH Opinn dagur
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Excavation Methods The excavation o
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Occupation Phases of Structure 10 S
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Upon the removal of the gravel plat
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EXCAVATIONS IN THE FARM MOUND AREA
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The Excavations Group 10662 Group (
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Associated with turf blocking [1050
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contained similar finds as were fou
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The removal of the deposits excavat
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sherds, a possible indication of th
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Figure 11. An overview of extension
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Group 9502 Group (9502) contains de
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In 2010 the area was extended to th
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Figure 16. An overview of room (106
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Group 10590 Group (10590) is a 7m l
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At the end of the 2010 season it ha
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Figure 21. Wall [10644]. Facing eas
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17th - 18th century 1906 disturbanc
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Descriptions of Sections Trench 42
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a b Figure 3. South-facting section
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EVALUATION TRENCHES EXCAVATED AT VA
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Trench 37 Around 20 m south-west of
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glazed ceramics, burnt stone, windo
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luish-grey layer of coarse sand [10
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This was thought to be an indicatio
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Table 1. Register of units recorded
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CORING AT HÁLSHÚS AND VATNSFJARÐ
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Visible structure #5 #4 #2 #3 #1 Po
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Vatnsfjarðasel Vatnsfarðasel is l
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silo Main turf building #1 Test #3
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29-38 cm same as above 38-39 cm cha
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63-74 cm same as above 74-76 cm lam
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53-57 cm laminated reddish brown, l
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Organic preservation was generally
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ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION OF THE AR
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depth has been written about the di
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using an ISIS ABT-55 scanning elect
Page 103 and 104: Smithing Hearth Bottom During the p
Page 105 and 106: Fingers, or ‘tendrils’ of flowe
Page 107 and 108: Classification Counts Weight (kg) u
Page 109 and 110: Conversely, the small size of undia
Page 111 and 112: Microscopy The results from the opt
Page 113 and 114: that iron production and smithing w
Page 115 and 116: would be a worthy pursuit. The lack
Page 117 and 118: Milek, K. (2009). Excavations in th
Page 119 and 120: Archaeometallurgy, eds. S. L. Niece
Page 121 and 122: Table 2. Showing the size, weight a
Page 123 and 124: Table 4. Showing the dimensions and
Page 125 and 126: Figure 3. A 3-Dimensional bar chart
Page 127 and 128: Figure 5. Photographs of two ‘fun
Page 129 and 130: Figure 9. Examples of technical vit
Page 131 and 132: Figure 12. BSE image of smelting sl
Page 133 and 134: Figure 16. Optical micrograph of un
Page 135 and 136: Figure 20. Photographs of the ten p
Page 137 and 138: Appendix 1: Abbreviations Undiagnos
Page 139 and 140: Hammerscale Ferruginous concretions
Page 141 and 142: pebbles of dense vesicular basalt,
Page 143 and 144: ID. [324] Mag. Max. Dimensions (cm)
Page 145 and 146: mixed with the small undiagnostic s
Page 147 and 148: ID. [6103] Mag. Max. Dimensions (cm
Page 149 and 150: ID. [...] Finds No. Class. Count We
Page 151 and 152: Table 1. The 2010 Viking Age faunal
Page 153: Combustion Traces Where previously
Page 157 and 158: Figure 1. West-facing section of sa
Page 159 and 160: Some bioturbation by roots and worm
Page 161 and 162: 300 Charcoal Volume (ml)/Number Sea
Page 163 and 164: Discussion Origin of Charcoal As me
Page 165 and 166: driftwood. All of the driftwood col
Page 167 and 168: Changes in Charcoal and Seaweed Con
Page 169 and 170: above the farm, and the two specime
Page 171 and 172: FRIÐRIKSSON, A. & TULINIUS, T.H. (
Page 173 and 174: SOIL MICROMORPHOLOGY ASSESSMENT OF
Page 175 and 176: suggesting that this side of the bu
Page 177 and 178: Figure 2b. Structure 3 in 2006 faci
Page 179 and 180: occupation deposit. The floor layer
Page 181 and 182: the structure dry by digging down t
Page 183 and 184: Bibliography Bullock, P., Fedoroff,
Page 185 and 186: Figure 5.3 Description of Sample VS
Page 187 and 188: Figure 5.7 Description of Sample VS
Page 189 and 190: Figure 5.11 Description of Sample V
Page 191 and 192: Figure 5.16 Wood phytolith 50 µm F
Page 193 and 194: Figure 5.27 Iron Nodule (OIL) 100
Page 195 and 196: Betula pubescens (the native downy
Page 197 and 198: An opportunistic sampling strategy
Page 199 and 200: POLLEN ANALYSIS OF THE WET MEADOW A
Page 201 and 202: Figure 2. Site photograph detailing
Page 203 and 204: to low percentages (
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values were not a result of process
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Figure 3. Pollen and spore percenta
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CORRELATION OF TEPHRA LAYERS FROM V
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and second, to ensure the most accu
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Figure 2 . Geochemistry of Vatnsfj
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Thorarinsson, S. (1955b). Nákuðun
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10038 D 10010 Fill of post-hole [10
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10569 C 10540 Post hole in hearth (
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10632 D 8562 A midden deposit in ro
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10054 D Lower horizon of land surfa
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ÍS-204 Vatnsfjarðarsel/Seljaland/
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ÍS-204:001C nokkurra metra kafla b
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frá henni er Hólhúsótt [011] og
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ÍS-204:032 Kálgarðsflöt gerði
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sigið nokkuð inn í rústina fyri
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... J vatzfirde fiorar merkur“ (D
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ÍS-205:001 Vatnsfjörður bæjarh
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grjótholti á breiðum hjalla. Var
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norðnorðvestur-suðsuðaustur. Ha
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ÍS-205:011 Nónvarða varða eykta
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hólfum. Samtals er tóftin 8x7 m o
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ÍS-205:021 hleðsla refagildra 655
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ÍS-205:024 Mylluhóll heimild um m
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verið rutt út. Talið er líklega
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erfitt að greina lag hennar. Austa
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ver um 11,5x5 m að innanmáli, þ
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sóleyjum. Búið að slétta yfir
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til vesturs. Op er á þeim hluta h
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ÍS-205:047 varða óþekkt 6556.19
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Vatnsfirði. Nokkrum metrum austan
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ÍS-205:059 Að loknum uppgreftri v
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gæti verið um holur til að elda
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ÍS-205:068 varða óþekkt 6556.44
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ÍS-205:076 Selsker varða óþekkt
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ÍS-205:081 tóft útihús 6556.407
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Norðaustan við íbúðarhúsið v
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hún að hluta grafin niður. Garð
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túnið til norðvesturs. Túngarð
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Þústin samanstendur af grasþúst
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ÍS206:032 heimild um kálgarð Um
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hjallur norðvestan við fjós. Vi
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Vatnið kemur úr litlu lækjarspr
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ÍS-208:001 Hálshús bæjarhóll b
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eru á þeim báðum í miðju, til
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ÍS-208:012 gerði óþekkt 6554.97
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VSF 2010 Report - Nabo

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