VSF 2010 Report - Nabo

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MOONEY, D.E. 2008a. Fuel Resources in Viking Age Iceland: An Archaeobotanical Perspective. Unpublished MPhil Thesis. University of Cambridge. MOONEY, D.E. 2008b. ‘Assessment of Botanical Remains from Structures 1 and 3 in the Viking Age Area’. In Milek, K. (Ed). Vatnsfjörður 2007: Framvinduskýrslur/Interim Report. Reykjavík: Fornleifastofnun Íslands. Report number FS383-03097, pp. 111- 116. MOONEY, D.E. 2009. 'Fuel Resources at Vatnsfjörður: An Archaeobotanical Perspective'. In Milek, K. (Ed.) Vatnsfjörður 2008: Framvinduskyrslur/Interim Report. Reykjavík: Fornleifastofnun Íslands. Report Number FS426-03098, pp. 117-131. PÁLSSON, H. & EDWARDS, P. 1972. The Book of Settlements: Landnámabók. Winnipeg: University of Manitoba Press. PARKIN, S., MORISON, S. & SIMPSON, I.A. 2009. ‘Preliminary Geoarchaeological Report on Fuel Resource Utilisation at Vatnsfjörður Based on Thin Section Micromorphology of Farm Mound Sediments’. In Milek, K. (Ed) Vatnsfjörður 2008: Framvinduskýrslur/Interim Report. Reykjavík: Fornleifastofnun Íslands. Report number FS426-03098, pp. 132-141. SCHWEINGRUBER, F.H. 1982. Mikroskopische Holzanatomie. 2 nd Edition. Stuttgart: Paul Haupt. SVEINBJARNARDÓTTIR, G., ERLENDSSON, E., VICKERS, K., MCGOVERN, T.H., MILEK, K.B., EDWARDS, K.J., SIMPSON, I.A. & COOK, G. 2007. ‘The palaeoecology of a high status Icelandic farm’. Environmental Archaeology 12(2), pp. 187-206. ÞORSTEINSSON, H. 1923. ‘Rannsókn og leiðréttingar á nokkrum bæjanöfnum á íslandi’. Árbók Hins Íslenzka Fornleifafélags 37, pp. 1-96. TULINIUS, T.H. 2005. ‘The Westfjords’. Archaeologia Islandica 4, pp. 9-15. VÉSTEINSSON, O. & SIMPSON, I.A. 2004. ‘Fuel utilisation in pre-industrial Iceland. A micro-morphological and historical analysis’. In Current Issues in Nordic Archaeology. Proceedings of the 21st Conference of Nordic Archaeologists, 6-9 September 2001, Akureyri, Iceland (Ed. G. Guðmundsson). Society of Icelandic Archaeologists, Reykjavik. Pp.181-187. ZUTTER, C.M. 1992. ‘Icelandic plant and land-use patterns: archaeobotanical analysis of the Svalbarð midden (6706-60), northeastern Iceland’. In Norse and Later Settlement and Subsistence in the North Atlantic (Eds. C.D. Morris and D.J. Rackman). University of Glasgow, Department of Archaeology. Pp. 139-48. 172
SOIL MICROMORPHOLOGY ASSESSMENT OF FLOOR DEPOSITS IN THREE VIKING AGE OUTBUILDINGS Kyle Munro and Karen Milek University of Aberdeen Introduction Undisturbed block samples for the micromorphological analysis of soils and sediments in thin section have been collected from numerous floor deposits, midden layers, and homefield soils at Vatnsfjörður in order to help determine their composition, origins, mode and agent of formation, and post-depositional alteration. At the Viking Age part of the site, seven samples from three outbuildings, Structures 3, 4 and 5, were analysed as a dissertation project by the first author of this report, and the results of this study are presented here (Figure 1). Micromorphological analysis of soil thin sections is particularly beneficial for the study of floor sediments because it permits the identification and quantification of the structure, texture, porosity, mineralogy and organic content of very thin archaeological sediments that cannot always be excavated or sampled separately in the field. In addition, it allows the quantification of inclusions such as bones, shells, artifacts, coprolites, phytoliths, diatoms, ash, pollen, charcoal and plant remains, and permits these to be seen in their original position, making it clear to the analyst the degree to which they have been disturbed by post-depositional processes such as bioturbation. Features that are the product of pedological or sedimentary processes observable in thin section can also provide information on ancient environmental conditions. Structure 3 Area 6 Structure 5 Area 2 Structure 6 Structure 4 N 0 10 20 m Figure 1. Plan of Areas 2 and 6, on the Viking Age part of the site, showing the structures discussed in this report (brown lines are turf walls, grey features are flat stones, and black features are post holes). 173
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VATNSFJÖRÐUR 2010 FRAMVINDUSKÝRS
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EFNI / CONTENTS Vatnsfjörður 2003
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SAMANTEKT Garðar Guðmundsson Forn
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Sem fyrr voru nemendur víða að,
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tóbakspípum, ofnum og prjónuðum
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q Borgarey Mjóifjörður Skálav
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shown. Mynd/Figure 4. Stitched aeri
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OVERVIEW Karen Milek University of
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Summary of the Vatnsfjörður Resea
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floor layer, and is likely to an ea
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against the 3 m thick, external wes
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• The digital terrain model of th
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ÚTGEFNAR, SKÝRSLUR, RITGERÐIR OG
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ERINDI UM VATNSFJÖRÐ PRESENTATION
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ANNAÐ PUBLIC OUTREACH Opinn dagur
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Excavation Methods The excavation o
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Occupation Phases of Structure 10 S
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Upon the removal of the gravel plat
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EXCAVATIONS IN THE FARM MOUND AREA
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The Excavations Group 10662 Group (
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Associated with turf blocking [1050
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contained similar finds as were fou
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The removal of the deposits excavat
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sherds, a possible indication of th
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Figure 11. An overview of extension
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Group 9502 Group (9502) contains de
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In 2010 the area was extended to th
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Figure 16. An overview of room (106
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Group 10590 Group (10590) is a 7m l
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At the end of the 2010 season it ha
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Figure 21. Wall [10644]. Facing eas
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17th - 18th century 1906 disturbanc
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Descriptions of Sections Trench 42
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a b Figure 3. South-facting section
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EVALUATION TRENCHES EXCAVATED AT VA
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Trench 37 Around 20 m south-west of
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glazed ceramics, burnt stone, windo
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luish-grey layer of coarse sand [10
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This was thought to be an indicatio
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Table 1. Register of units recorded
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CORING AT HÁLSHÚS AND VATNSFJARÐ
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Visible structure #5 #4 #2 #3 #1 Po
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Vatnsfjarðasel Vatnsfarðasel is l
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silo Main turf building #1 Test #3
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29-38 cm same as above 38-39 cm cha
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63-74 cm same as above 74-76 cm lam
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53-57 cm laminated reddish brown, l
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Organic preservation was generally
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ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION OF THE AR
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depth has been written about the di
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using an ISIS ABT-55 scanning elect
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Smithing Hearth Bottom During the p
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Fingers, or ‘tendrils’ of flowe
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Classification Counts Weight (kg) u
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Conversely, the small size of undia
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Microscopy The results from the opt
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that iron production and smithing w
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would be a worthy pursuit. The lack
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Milek, K. (2009). Excavations in th
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Archaeometallurgy, eds. S. L. Niece
Page 121 and 122: Table 2. Showing the size, weight a
Page 123 and 124: Table 4. Showing the dimensions and
Page 125 and 126: Figure 3. A 3-Dimensional bar chart
Page 127 and 128: Figure 5. Photographs of two ‘fun
Page 129 and 130: Figure 9. Examples of technical vit
Page 131 and 132: Figure 12. BSE image of smelting sl
Page 133 and 134: Figure 16. Optical micrograph of un
Page 135 and 136: Figure 20. Photographs of the ten p
Page 137 and 138: Appendix 1: Abbreviations Undiagnos
Page 139 and 140: Hammerscale Ferruginous concretions
Page 141 and 142: pebbles of dense vesicular basalt,
Page 143 and 144: ID. [324] Mag. Max. Dimensions (cm)
Page 145 and 146: mixed with the small undiagnostic s
Page 147 and 148: ID. [6103] Mag. Max. Dimensions (cm
Page 149 and 150: ID. [...] Finds No. Class. Count We
Page 151 and 152: Table 1. The 2010 Viking Age faunal
Page 153 and 154: Combustion Traces Where previously
Page 155 and 156: BOTANICAL REMAINS FROM A SAMPLE COL
Page 157 and 158: Figure 1. West-facing section of sa
Page 159 and 160: Some bioturbation by roots and worm
Page 161 and 162: 300 Charcoal Volume (ml)/Number Sea
Page 163 and 164: Discussion Origin of Charcoal As me
Page 165 and 166: driftwood. All of the driftwood col
Page 167 and 168: Changes in Charcoal and Seaweed Con
Page 169 and 170: above the farm, and the two specime
Page 171: FRIÐRIKSSON, A. & TULINIUS, T.H. (
Page 175 and 176: suggesting that this side of the bu
Page 177 and 178: Figure 2b. Structure 3 in 2006 faci
Page 179 and 180: occupation deposit. The floor layer
Page 181 and 182: the structure dry by digging down t
Page 183 and 184: Bibliography Bullock, P., Fedoroff,
Page 185 and 186: Figure 5.3 Description of Sample VS
Page 187 and 188: Figure 5.7 Description of Sample VS
Page 189 and 190: Figure 5.11 Description of Sample V
Page 191 and 192: Figure 5.16 Wood phytolith 50 µm F
Page 193 and 194: Figure 5.27 Iron Nodule (OIL) 100
Page 195 and 196: Betula pubescens (the native downy
Page 197 and 198: An opportunistic sampling strategy
Page 199 and 200: POLLEN ANALYSIS OF THE WET MEADOW A
Page 201 and 202: Figure 2. Site photograph detailing
Page 203 and 204: to low percentages (
Page 205 and 206: values were not a result of process
Page 207 and 208: Figure 3. Pollen and spore percenta
Page 209 and 210: CORRELATION OF TEPHRA LAYERS FROM V
Page 211 and 212: and second, to ensure the most accu
Page 213 and 214: Figure 2 . Geochemistry of Vatnsfj
Page 215 and 216: Thorarinsson, S. (1955b). Nákuðun
Page 217 and 218: 10038 D 10010 Fill of post-hole [10
Page 219 and 220: 10569 C 10540 Post hole in hearth (
Page 221 and 222: 10632 D 8562 A midden deposit in ro
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10054 D Lower horizon of land surfa
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ÍS-204 Vatnsfjarðarsel/Seljaland/
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ÍS-204:001C nokkurra metra kafla b
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frá henni er Hólhúsótt [011] og
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ÍS-204:032 Kálgarðsflöt gerði
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sigið nokkuð inn í rústina fyri
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... J vatzfirde fiorar merkur“ (D
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ÍS-205:001 Vatnsfjörður bæjarh
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grjótholti á breiðum hjalla. Var
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norðnorðvestur-suðsuðaustur. Ha
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ÍS-205:011 Nónvarða varða eykta
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hólfum. Samtals er tóftin 8x7 m o
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ÍS-205:021 hleðsla refagildra 655
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ÍS-205:024 Mylluhóll heimild um m
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verið rutt út. Talið er líklega
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erfitt að greina lag hennar. Austa
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ver um 11,5x5 m að innanmáli, þ
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sóleyjum. Búið að slétta yfir
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til vesturs. Op er á þeim hluta h
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ÍS-205:047 varða óþekkt 6556.19
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Vatnsfirði. Nokkrum metrum austan
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ÍS-205:059 Að loknum uppgreftri v
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gæti verið um holur til að elda
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ÍS-205:068 varða óþekkt 6556.44
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ÍS-205:076 Selsker varða óþekkt
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ÍS-205:081 tóft útihús 6556.407
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Norðaustan við íbúðarhúsið v
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hún að hluta grafin niður. Garð
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túnið til norðvesturs. Túngarð
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Þústin samanstendur af grasþúst
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ÍS206:032 heimild um kálgarð Um
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hjallur norðvestan við fjós. Vi
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Vatnið kemur úr litlu lækjarspr
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ÍS-208:001 Hálshús bæjarhóll b
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eru á þeim báðum í miðju, til
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ÍS-208:012 gerði óþekkt 6554.97
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