VSF 2010 Report - Nabo

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Table 1. Results of seed identifications and charcoal and seaweed quantification CHARRED SEEDS UNCHARRED SEEDS Chenopodium album Vaccinium sp Rubus idaeus Rumex longifolius Polygonum aviculare Rumex longifolius Rumex acetosa Eriophorum sp Bromus sp Festuca sp Carex sp Empetrum nigrum Stellaria media Poaceae indet. Hordeum sativum SEAWEED PER ML CHARCOAL SEAWEED CHARCOAL VOLUME (ML) CONTEXT SAMPLE 10403 505 50 11 0.2 1 1 3 1 1 122 10404 507 30 96 3.2 1 3 2 1 1 1 55 10405 509 25 1 1 2 1 12 10406 511 30 1 3 35 2 2 1 34 10407 513 180 16 0.1 5 11 4 5 2 3 10408 515 15 86 5.7 3 1 1 2 1 2 2 10 10409 517 255 132 1.9 5 10 4 1 4 2 3 3 10410 519 17 178 11 6 1 1 10411 521 270 243 1.1 11 5 2 6 2 10412 523 80 21 3.8 3 9 2 3 2 3 5 10413 525 20 15 0.8 4 1 9 5 1 10414 527 3 1 1 3 2 4 10415 529 0 10416 531 0 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 10417 533 0 3 10418 535 0 1 10419 537 0 2 1 1 1 10420 539 0 1 2 2 1 73 10421 541 1 5 0.2 5 1 4 2 1 1 7 10422 543 2 6 0.3 4 2 1 162
Discussion Origin of Charcoal As mentioned above, identification of charcoal from the samples taken from this column revealed that all of the 950 fragments analysed were of the genus Betula (birch/björk). This is somewhat unsurprising as Iceland has a very limited number of tree species, as is illustrated in Table 2. Table 2. Tree species native to Iceland, with English and Icelandic names and habitat information. After Kristinsson 1998. Species Name English Icelandic Habitat Betula nana Dwarf Birch Fjalldrapi Dwarf-shrub heaths and mires. Common. Betula pubescens Downy Birch Birki Moderately dry soil from lowlands to 450m a.s.l. Scrubland along coasts with taller brushwood and trees inland. Common. Populus tremula Aspen Blæösp Heaths and woodlands. Very rare, found only in parts of the Eastfjords and in Fnjóskadalur in the north. Salix callicarpea Bluish Willow Grávíðir Heathland and slopes, especially in the mountains. Common. Salix herbacea Dwarf Willow Grasvíðir Heathland, snowbeds and depressions in mountains. Common. Salix lanata Woolly Willow Loðvíðir Heathland, dry slopes and sandy banks. Common. Salix phylicifolia Tea-leaved Willow Gulvíðir Meadows, river banks, slopes and heathlands with moist soil. Forms undergrowth in damp birch woods. Common. Sorbus aucuparia Rowan Reyniviður Birch woodland and gorges. Does not form woods, but is found singly in birch woodlands. Amongst these species, Betula pubescens (downy birch/birki) is the only tree which forms woodlands. It is also one of only two tree species native to Iceland which grows to a full tree form, rather than a shrub or creeping form. The other of these species is Sorbus aucuparia (rowan/reyniviður), however this species only grows singly within birch woodland, rather than forming woodlands on its own. It is assumed, then, that the charcoal found at Vatnsfjörður is of Betula pubescens wood rather than Betula nana (dwarf birch/fjalldrapi), however as the two species are indistinguishable by wood anatomy alone (Schweingruber 1982; Hather 2000) it is only possible to be completely certain of an identification to genus level. It is, however, somewhat unusual that 100% of the samples analysed were identified as Betula. Previous investigations into charcoal from Vatnsfjörður have shown that willow charcoal was also present, albeit in very small amounts (Mooney 2009), and investigations into fuel use at other Icelandic sites have also identified willow as well as birch (Zutter 1992; Simpson et al 2003; Vésteinnsson & Simpson 2004; Sveinbjarnardóttir et al 2007). Rowan has not been identified in wood charcoal from 163
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VATNSFJÖRÐUR 2010 FRAMVINDUSKÝRS
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EFNI / CONTENTS Vatnsfjörður 2003
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SAMANTEKT Garðar Guðmundsson Forn
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Sem fyrr voru nemendur víða að,
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tóbakspípum, ofnum og prjónuðum
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q Borgarey Mjóifjörður Skálav
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shown. Mynd/Figure 4. Stitched aeri
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OVERVIEW Karen Milek University of
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Summary of the Vatnsfjörður Resea
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floor layer, and is likely to an ea
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against the 3 m thick, external wes
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• The digital terrain model of th
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ÚTGEFNAR, SKÝRSLUR, RITGERÐIR OG
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ERINDI UM VATNSFJÖRÐ PRESENTATION
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ANNAÐ PUBLIC OUTREACH Opinn dagur
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Excavation Methods The excavation o
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Occupation Phases of Structure 10 S
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Upon the removal of the gravel plat
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EXCAVATIONS IN THE FARM MOUND AREA
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The Excavations Group 10662 Group (
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Associated with turf blocking [1050
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contained similar finds as were fou
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The removal of the deposits excavat
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sherds, a possible indication of th
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Figure 11. An overview of extension
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Group 9502 Group (9502) contains de
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In 2010 the area was extended to th
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Figure 16. An overview of room (106
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Group 10590 Group (10590) is a 7m l
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At the end of the 2010 season it ha
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Figure 21. Wall [10644]. Facing eas
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17th - 18th century 1906 disturbanc
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Descriptions of Sections Trench 42
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a b Figure 3. South-facting section
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EVALUATION TRENCHES EXCAVATED AT VA
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Trench 37 Around 20 m south-west of
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glazed ceramics, burnt stone, windo
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luish-grey layer of coarse sand [10
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This was thought to be an indicatio
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Table 1. Register of units recorded
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CORING AT HÁLSHÚS AND VATNSFJARÐ
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Visible structure #5 #4 #2 #3 #1 Po
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Vatnsfjarðasel Vatnsfarðasel is l
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silo Main turf building #1 Test #3
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29-38 cm same as above 38-39 cm cha
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63-74 cm same as above 74-76 cm lam
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53-57 cm laminated reddish brown, l
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Organic preservation was generally
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ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION OF THE AR
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depth has been written about the di
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using an ISIS ABT-55 scanning elect
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Smithing Hearth Bottom During the p
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Fingers, or ‘tendrils’ of flowe
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Classification Counts Weight (kg) u
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Conversely, the small size of undia
Page 111 and 112: Microscopy The results from the opt
Page 113 and 114: that iron production and smithing w
Page 115 and 116: would be a worthy pursuit. The lack
Page 117 and 118: Milek, K. (2009). Excavations in th
Page 119 and 120: Archaeometallurgy, eds. S. L. Niece
Page 121 and 122: Table 2. Showing the size, weight a
Page 123 and 124: Table 4. Showing the dimensions and
Page 125 and 126: Figure 3. A 3-Dimensional bar chart
Page 127 and 128: Figure 5. Photographs of two ‘fun
Page 129 and 130: Figure 9. Examples of technical vit
Page 131 and 132: Figure 12. BSE image of smelting sl
Page 133 and 134: Figure 16. Optical micrograph of un
Page 135 and 136: Figure 20. Photographs of the ten p
Page 137 and 138: Appendix 1: Abbreviations Undiagnos
Page 139 and 140: Hammerscale Ferruginous concretions
Page 141 and 142: pebbles of dense vesicular basalt,
Page 143 and 144: ID. [324] Mag. Max. Dimensions (cm)
Page 145 and 146: mixed with the small undiagnostic s
Page 147 and 148: ID. [6103] Mag. Max. Dimensions (cm
Page 149 and 150: ID. [...] Finds No. Class. Count We
Page 151 and 152: Table 1. The 2010 Viking Age faunal
Page 153 and 154: Combustion Traces Where previously
Page 155 and 156: BOTANICAL REMAINS FROM A SAMPLE COL
Page 157 and 158: Figure 1. West-facing section of sa
Page 159 and 160: Some bioturbation by roots and worm
Page 161: 300 Charcoal Volume (ml)/Number Sea
Page 165 and 166: driftwood. All of the driftwood col
Page 167 and 168: Changes in Charcoal and Seaweed Con
Page 169 and 170: above the farm, and the two specime
Page 171 and 172: FRIÐRIKSSON, A. & TULINIUS, T.H. (
Page 173 and 174: SOIL MICROMORPHOLOGY ASSESSMENT OF
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Page 177 and 178: Figure 2b. Structure 3 in 2006 faci
Page 179 and 180: occupation deposit. The floor layer
Page 181 and 182: the structure dry by digging down t
Page 183 and 184: Bibliography Bullock, P., Fedoroff,
Page 185 and 186: Figure 5.3 Description of Sample VS
Page 187 and 188: Figure 5.7 Description of Sample VS
Page 189 and 190: Figure 5.11 Description of Sample V
Page 191 and 192: Figure 5.16 Wood phytolith 50 µm F
Page 193 and 194: Figure 5.27 Iron Nodule (OIL) 100
Page 195 and 196: Betula pubescens (the native downy
Page 197 and 198: An opportunistic sampling strategy
Page 199 and 200: POLLEN ANALYSIS OF THE WET MEADOW A
Page 201 and 202: Figure 2. Site photograph detailing
Page 203 and 204: to low percentages (
Page 205 and 206: values were not a result of process
Page 207 and 208: Figure 3. Pollen and spore percenta
Page 209 and 210: CORRELATION OF TEPHRA LAYERS FROM V
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Figure 2 . Geochemistry of Vatnsfj
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Thorarinsson, S. (1955b). Nákuðun
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10038 D 10010 Fill of post-hole [10
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10569 C 10540 Post hole in hearth (
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10632 D 8562 A midden deposit in ro
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10054 D Lower horizon of land surfa
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ÍS-204 Vatnsfjarðarsel/Seljaland/
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ÍS-204:001C nokkurra metra kafla b
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frá henni er Hólhúsótt [011] og
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ÍS-204:032 Kálgarðsflöt gerði
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sigið nokkuð inn í rústina fyri
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... J vatzfirde fiorar merkur“ (D
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ÍS-205:001 Vatnsfjörður bæjarh
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grjótholti á breiðum hjalla. Var
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norðnorðvestur-suðsuðaustur. Ha
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ÍS-205:011 Nónvarða varða eykta
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hólfum. Samtals er tóftin 8x7 m o
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ÍS-205:021 hleðsla refagildra 655
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ÍS-205:024 Mylluhóll heimild um m
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verið rutt út. Talið er líklega
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erfitt að greina lag hennar. Austa
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ver um 11,5x5 m að innanmáli, þ
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sóleyjum. Búið að slétta yfir
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til vesturs. Op er á þeim hluta h
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ÍS-205:047 varða óþekkt 6556.19
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Vatnsfirði. Nokkrum metrum austan
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ÍS-205:059 Að loknum uppgreftri v
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gæti verið um holur til að elda
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ÍS-205:068 varða óþekkt 6556.44
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ÍS-205:076 Selsker varða óþekkt
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ÍS-205:081 tóft útihús 6556.407
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Norðaustan við íbúðarhúsið v
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hún að hluta grafin niður. Garð
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túnið til norðvesturs. Túngarð
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Þústin samanstendur af grasþúst
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ÍS206:032 heimild um kálgarð Um
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hjallur norðvestan við fjós. Vi
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Vatnið kemur úr litlu lækjarspr
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ÍS-208:001 Hálshús bæjarhóll b
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eru á þeim báðum í miðju, til
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ÍS-208:012 gerði óþekkt 6554.97
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VSF 2010 Report - Nabo

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