Digital Electronics: Principles, Devices and Applications

xviiiContents14.5.3 32-Bit Microcontrollers 59014.6 Interfacing Peripheral Devices with a Microcontroller 59214.6.1 Interfacing LEDs 59214.6.2 Interfacing Electromechanical Relays 59314.6.3 Interfacing Keyboards 59414.6.4 Interfacing Seven-Segment Displays 59614.6.5 Interfacing LCD Displays 59814.6.6 Interfacing A/D Converters 60014.6.7 Interfacing D/A Converters 600Review Questions 602Problems 602Further Reading 60315 Computer Fundamentals 60515.1 Anatomy of a Computer 60515.1.1 Central Processing Unit 60515.1.2 Memory 60615.1.3 Input/Output Ports 60715.2 A Computer System 60715.3 Types of Computer System 60715.3.1 Classification of Computers on the Basis of Applications 60715.3.2 Classification of Computers on the Basis of the Technology Used 60815.3.3 Classification of Computers on the Basis of Size and Capacity 60915.4 Computer Memory 61015.4.1 Primary Memory 61115.5 Random Access Memory 61215.5.1 Static RAM 61215.5.2 Dynamic RAM 61915.5.3 RAM Applications 62215.6 Read Only Memory 62215.6.1 ROM Architecture 62315.6.2 Types of ROM 62415.6.3 Applications of ROMs 62915.7 Expanding Memory Capacity 63215.7.1 Word Size Expansion 63215.7.2 Memory Location Expansion 63415.8 Input and Output Ports 63715.8.1 Serial Ports 63815.8.2 Parallel Ports 64015.8.3 Internal Buses 64215.9 Input/Output Devices 64215.9.1 Input Devices 64315.9.2 Output Devices 64315.10 Secondary Storage or Auxiliary Storage 64515.10.1 Magnetic Storage Devices 64515.10.2 Magneto-Optical Storage Devices 64815.10.3 Optical Storage Devices 64815.10.4 USB Flash Drive 650