Digital Electronics: Principles, Devices and Applications

720 IndexMicrocontroller (Continued)central processing unit 567, 568, 569controller area network bus 569, 573counters/timers 569, 570–1I/O ports 569, 570interfacing peripheral devices 592–601interintegrated circuit (I 2 C) Bus 569,572–3local interconnect network bus 569, 573–4peripheral components 569–74power-saving modes 579–80random access memory 569read only memory 569serial communication interfaces 569, 571–2special function registers 569Microcontroller applications 567Microcontroller architecture 574–9accumulator-based architecture 577architecture to access memory 574–5Harvard architecture 574, 575mapping special function registers into memoryspace 574, 576memory-mapped I/O 576pipeline architecture 577, 579processor architecture 574, 577–9register-based architecture 577, 578separate I/O and memory spaces 576stack-based architecture 577, 578Von Neumann architecture 574, 575Microcontroller-A/D converter interface 600, 601Microcontroller-D/A converter interface 600, 601Microcontroller-keyboard interface 594–6Microcontroller-LCD display interface 598–600Microcontroller-LED interface 592–3Microcontroller-relay interface 593–4Microcontroller-seven segment display interface596–8, 599Microprocessor 525–6316-bit microprocessors 547–5132-bit microprocessors 551–78-bit microprocessors 541–6addressing modes 534–7ALU 528, 529CISC processors 528, 531, 541control unit 528, 531embedded microprocessors 560evolution 527–8inside a microprocessor 528–31instructions 531–4Pentium series 557–60peripheral devices 560–3programming 540registers 528, 529–30RISC processors 528, 531, 541selection criteria 537–9Microprocessor instructions 531–4arithmetic instructions 531, 532–3branch instructions, see Control transfer instructionscontrol transfer instructions 531, 533–4data transfer instructions 531logic instructions 531, 533machine control instructions 531, 534program control instructions, see Control transferinstructionsMicroprocessor selection criteria 537–9Microwave counter 683–4Miller-killer configuration 141Minicomputer 609Minterm expression, see Sum-of-products BooleanexpressionMinuend 48MOCRE family of microcontrollers 591MOD number, see Modulus of a counterModulus of a counter 413Monoshot, see Monostable multivibratorMonostable multivibrator 357, 360–2, 363, 364,365, 367–71digital IC based monostable multivibrator 363,364, 365monostable multivibrator using Timer IC 555367–71retriggerable monostable multivibrator 361–2,363, 365Monostable multivibrator using Timer IC 555367–71Monotonocity-D/A converter 476, 478, 479Moore’s law 527MOS logic 115MOVE instruction 530, 531MPC500 family of microcontrollers 591MPGA 331MSI 172, 183, 184Multi-master support arrangement 573Multi-output function 212, 225Multi slope A/D converter 500, 506, 508–9Multiple keys 595Multiplexer 269–80cascading 280implementing Boolean functions with multiplexers273–7inside a multiplexer 271–3multiplexers for parallel-to-serial data conversion277Multiplier-D/A converter 490Multipliers 260–1Multiplying type D/A converter 479–80