Digital Electronics: Principles, Devices and Applications

724 IndexRAM (Continued)synchronous SRAM 612–613, 616–619types of DRAM 622RAM address register 569Random access memory, see RAMRandom interleaved sampling 670–1Range of numbers 13Read only memory, see ROMRead/write memory 525Real time sampling 669–70Reciprocal counter 681–2Reconfigurable computing 333Reduced Instruction Set Computer, see RISCRedundancy law, see Absorption lawReflect-and-prefix method 23, 24Reflected Gray code 23Register based architecture 577, 578Register direct addressing mode 534, 535, 536Register file 528, 529–30buffer register 529–30general purpose registers 529, 530instruction register 529program counter 529stack pointer 529, 530status register 529, 530temporary registers 529, 530Register indirect addressing mode 534, 535–6Registered outputs 317, 319Registers 411Relative addressing mode 534, 537Repeated add and right-shift algorithm 58, 59–60Repeated left-shift and add algorithm 58, 59Repeated right-shift and subtract algorithm 61Repeated subtract and left-shift algorithm 62Repetition code 41Resistive divider network 474–5Resistor transistor logic, see RTLResolution-A/D converter 495–6Resolution-D/A converter 476–7Resolution-digital storage oscilloscope 674, 676–7Resolution-frequency counter 682Resolution-frequency synthesizer 689Retriggerable monostable multivibrator 361–2, 363,365Return instruction 533, 534Right justified data-A/D converter 499Ring counter 459–60Ripple counter 411–419binary ripple counter 413–419binary ripple counter with a modulus of less than2 N 416–418propagation delay in ripple counters 412–413ripple counters in IC form 418, 419Ripple counters in IC form 418, 419RISC 528, 531, 541Rise time-analogue oscilloscope 673ROM 308, 569, 606, 610, 611, 612, 622–31applications 629–31architecture 623–4erasable ROM 612, 628flash memory 628–9, 630mask-programmed ROM 624–6, 627programmable ROM 612, 624, 626–7, 628types 624–9, 630ROM architecture 623–4ROM read operation-timing diagram 625Rotate operation 533RS 232 port 569, 638–9RTL 116, 117Sample and hold circuit-A/D converter 498Sample rate-logic analyser 695Sampled sine synthesis, see Direct digital synthesisSampling frequency-A/D converter 495, 496Sampling oscilloscope 670Sampling rate-digital storage oscilloscope 674–5Schmitt gates 88–91, 92Schmitt trigger 358–60Schmitt trigger-transfer characteristics 360Schottky TTL 116, 124, 135–6SCI 569, 571–2SCSI standard 640, 641Secondary cache 622Secondary memory, see Secondary storageSecondary storage 525, 606, 610, 611, 645–50CD-R 649CD-ROM 648, 649CD-RW 649DVD-ROM 649, 650floppy disks 647magento-optical storage devices 648magnetic hard disks 645–7magnetic storage devices 645–8magnetic tapes 647–8optical storage devices 648–50USB flash drive 650WORM 649Seek time 647Sensitivity-frequency counter 682Sequential logic circuit 233Sequential single sample technique 670Sequential sweep equivalent time sampling 670, 671Serial communication interface, see SCISerial counter, see Ripple counterSerial-in parallel-out shift register 449, 452