Digital Electronics: Principles, Devices and Applications

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0616 Digital ElectronicsData InputR/WCSInput Buffers01AddressLinesRowDecoderMemory array128 rows ×128 columns ×8 bitsOutputBuffersDataOutput1281 128Column DecoderAddressLinesFigure 15.7Typical architecture of a 16K×8 asynchronous SRAM.• Complete write cycle time t WC . This is defined as the time interval for which a valid address codeis applied to the address lines during the ‘write’ operation.• Write pulse width t W . This is the time for which R/W is held LOW during the ‘write’ operation.• Address set-up time t AS .This is the time interval between the appearance of a new address and R/Wgoing LOW.• Data set-up time t DS . This is defined as the time interval for which the R/W must remain LOWafter valid data are applied to the data inputs.• Data hold time t DH . This is defined as the time interval for which valid input data must remain onthe data lines after the R/W input goes HIGH.• Address hold time interval t AH . This is defined as the time interval for which the valid address mustremain on the address lines after the R/W input goes HIGH.15.5.1.2 Synchronous SRAMSynchronous SRAM, as mentioned before, is synchronized with the system clock. In the case of acomputer system it operates at the same clock frequency as the microprocessor. This synchronizationof microprocessor and memory ensures faster execution speeds. The basic difference between thearchitecture of synchronous and asynchronous SRAMs is that the synchronous SRAM makes use ofclocked registers to synchronize ‘address’, R/W , CS and ‘data in’ lines to the system clock. Figure15.9 shows the basic architecture of a 32K × 8 synchronous SRAM with a burst feature. As we cansee from the figure, the memory array block, the address decoder block and R/W and CS are the same
Computer Fundamentals 6171t RCAddressInputsNewAddressValid0R/W 1CS 1t ACCt COt ODDataOutputto BusHi-Z StateDataHi-Z StateValidt 0 t 1 t 2 t 3 t 4(a)t WC1AddressInputsNewAddressValid0R/W1t ASt AHDataInputHi-Z Statet Wt DSDataValidHi-Z StateCS 1t DH(b)Figure 15.8(a) Timing diagram during a READ operation and (b) the timing diagram during a WRITE operation.
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Digital ElectronicsDigital Electron
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Copyright © 2007John Wiley & Sons
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ContentsPrefacexxi1 Number Systems
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ContentsixReview Questions 67Proble
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Contentsxi6.3.8 Theorem 8 1966.3.9
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Contentsxiii9.11.3 Verilog 3399.11.
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Contentsxv12.2.5 Nonlinearity and D
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Contentsxvii13.10.3 80286 Microproc
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ContentsxixReview Questions 650Prob
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PrefaceDigital electronics is essen
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Prefacexxiiilogic analysers, freque
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Number Systems 3The value or magnit
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Number Systems 5The 1’s complemen
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Number Systems 7• The fractional
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Number Systems 9• The octal equiv
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Number Systems 11Solution• The gi
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Number Systems 13Hexadecimal system
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Number Systems 15Byte-1 Byte-2 Byte
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Number Systems 17Therefore, the exp
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2Binary CodesThe present chapter is
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Binary Codes 212.1.3 Higher-Density
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Binary Codes 23Fractional part = .7
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Binary Codes 252.3.2 Gray Code-Bina
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Binary Codes 27Solution(a) The bina
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Binary Codes 29Table 2.6(continued)
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Binary Codes 39fabDPegdc(a)afbegcDP
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Binary Codes 412.6.1 Parity CodeA p
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Binary Codes 43Table 2.9Generation
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Binary Codes 456. What is a parity
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48 Digital ElectronicsTable 3.1Bina
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50 Digital ElectronicsCase 1• Con
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52 Digital Electronics2. (AF1.B3) 1
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54 Digital ElectronicsCase 2• Let
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56 Digital ElectronicsExample 3.4Su
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58 Digital Electronics0110 1000 rep
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60 Digital ElectronicsTable 3.3Mult
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62 Digital ElectronicsTable 3.6algo
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64 Digital ElectronicsTable 3.8 Exa
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66 Digital Electronicsquotient is g
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68 Digital Electronics5. Prove that
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70 Digital ElectronicsIf the two vo
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72 Digital ElectronicsABCY=A+B+C(a)
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74 Digital ElectronicsABY=A.B(a)A00
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76 Digital ElectronicsXY=X(a)XY=XX0
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78 Digital ElectronicsAY1BCY(a)ABCD
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80 Digital ElectronicsABYABY=A+B(a)
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82 Digital ElectronicsABCDY=A.B.C.D
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84 Digital Electronics'1''1'ab c d
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86 Digital ElectronicsAY=A(a)ABY=A+
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88 Digital ElectronicsAYBEA00001111
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90 Digital ElectronicsABCD(AB+CD+EF
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92 Digital Electronics(a)(b)4V (vol
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94 Digital Electronics'1'I/PI/P(Vol
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96 Digital ElectronicsIOHIIHIIHIIH(
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98 Digital ElectronicsThe output of
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100 Digital ElectronicsE1LLHE2LHXOp
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102 Digital Electronics1A1B2A2B3A3B
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104 Digital Electronics4.13.2 AND G
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106 Digital ElectronicsFigure 4.53(
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108 Digital ElectronicsTable 4.1(co
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110 Digital Electronics(c) a three-
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114 Digital Electronics6. It is pro
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116 Digital Electronicsother and th
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118 Digital Electronics5.1.2.3 ECL
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120 Digital Electronics• LOW-leve
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122 Digital Electronics• Enable t
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124 Digital ElectronicsExample 5.2R
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126 Digital Electronics+VCC+VCCR 3I
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128 Digital Electronics4K 1301.6KVC
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130 Digital Electronicsbe in cut-of
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132 Digital ElectronicsVCC4K1.6KInp
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134 Digital Electronicslow-power TT
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136 Digital Electronics5.3.5.1 Char
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138 Digital ElectronicsVCCR 137KR 2
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140 Digital Electronicsfeatures of
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142 Digital ElectronicsFigure 5.24H
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144 Digital Electronics+VCC+VCCR1IO
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146 Digital ElectronicsFigure 5.30
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148 Digital Electronics5.4.1.2 MECL
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150 Digital ElectronicsFigure 5.33E
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152 Digital Electronicsfunctions as
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154 Digital ElectronicsVDDAQ1BQ 2Y=
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156 Digital ElectronicsVDDAQ 1BQ2Q5
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158 Digital ElectronicsFigure 5.42T
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160 Digital Electronics+VDDQ7Q8Q5Q6
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162 Digital ElectronicsFigure 5.46C
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166 Digital Electronicslogic status
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168 Digital Electronics5.5.2.4 74AC
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170 Digital Electronics+VDDA+VDDA -
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172 Digital Electronics+VDDAQ 1Q 3Q
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174 Digital Electronicsthe conducti
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176 Digital Electronics+VRQ3Q4AAQ 2
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178 Digital Electronics74S00174S002
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180 Digital Electronicsvoltage of 5
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182 Digital Electronics+5V10KI/PTTL
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184 Digital ElectronicsI/PCMOSCMOS-
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6Boolean Algebra andSimplification
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Boolean Algebra and Simplification
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234 Digital Electronics'n'InputsCom
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236 Digital Electronicsof Boolean e
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238 Digital ElectronicsC in C out11
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240 Digital ElectronicsABC inABC in
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242 Digital ElectronicsABHalfSubtra
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244 Digital ElectronicsB inABDB o(a
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246 Digital ElectronicsFigure 7.19F
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248 Digital ElectronicsTable 7.1 Re
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250 Digital ElectronicsExample 7.1F
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252 Digital ElectronicsSolutionLet
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254 Digital ElectronicsB 7 B 6 B 5
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256 Digital Electronicsotherwise ha
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260 Digital Electronics7.7 Arithmet
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264 Digital ElectronicsTable 7.2 Fu
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266 Digital ElectronicsTable 7.3Com
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268 Digital ElectronicsFurther Read
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270 Digital ElectronicsI 0I 1I 2I 3
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272 Digital ElectronicsI 0I 12-to-1
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274 Digital ElectronicsI 0I 1YI 2I
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276 Digital ElectronicsTable 8.2 Im
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278 Digital ElectronicsSolution•
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280 Digital Electronics8.1.4 Cascad
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282 Digital ElectronicsD 0 D 1 D 2
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284 Digital ElectronicsExample 8.4W
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286 Digital ElectronicsAB2-to-40123
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288 Digital ElectronicsABC2 2012345
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290 Digital Electronics0CBA12 22F3-
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292 Digital Electronics(a) Since bo
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294 Digital ElectronicsTable 8.12(c
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296 Digital ElectronicsD 0I 0I 1S 0
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298 Digital ElectronicsFurther Read
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300 Digital Electronicslogic functi
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302 Digital Electronics3. In the ca
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304 Digital ElectronicsD C B AProgr
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306 Digital Electronicsa GAL device
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308 Digital Electronicslarge memory
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310 Digital ElectronicsA B C D EHar
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312 Digital ElectronicsSolution(a)
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314 Digital ElectronicsInputs(n)(k)
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316 Digital ElectronicsABCiSCoFigur
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318 Digital ElectronicsAA 1 0B1B000
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320 Digital ElectronicsA1A0B1B0O/P-
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322 Digital ElectronicsProgrammable
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324 Digital ElectronicsCDAB00 01 11
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326 Digital ElectronicsABCDP Q R SF
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328 Digital ElectronicsFigures 9.23
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330 Digital ElectronicsInputsGlobal
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332 Digital ElectronicsDQO/P4-input
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334 Digital Electronicsthat have ev
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336 Digital ElectronicsLogic CellSR
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338 Digital ElectronicsDesign Entry
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340 Digital Electronicsbraces to de
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342 Digital ElectronicsCLK120VccI02
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344 Digital ElectronicsCLK120VccI02
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346 Digital ElectronicsARDCLKQQ4to1
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348 Digital ElectronicsCentral Swit
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350 Digital ElectronicsTable 9.6Sal
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352 Digital ElectronicsQSA1A2A3A4A5
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354 Digital Electronics3. Determine
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10Flip-Flops and Related DevicesHav
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Flip-Flops and Related Devices 359V
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Flip-Flops and Related Devices 361+
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Flip-Flops and Related Devices 363p
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Flip-Flops and Related Devices 369v
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Flip-Flops and Related Devices 371V
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Flip-Flops and Related Devices 3731
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Flip-Flops and Related Devices 375S
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Flip-Flops and Related Devices 383C
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Flip-Flops and Related Devices 387P
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Flip-Flops and Related Devices 389a
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Flip-Flops and Related Devices 391F
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Flip-Flops and Related Devices 407w
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Flip-Flops and Related Devices 409(
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11Counters and RegistersCounters an
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Counters and Registers 413ripple co
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Counters and Registers 415Table 11.
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Q 00Counters and Registers 4171JQ 0
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Counters and Registers 421'1'JPrQ A
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Counters and Registers 42311.5 Sync
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Counters and Registers 427Presettab
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Counters and Registers 429Clk(D)Q 0
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Counters and Registers 431Input AAO
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Counters and Registers 433ClockA-Ou
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Counters and Registers 435PLP3 P2 P
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Counters and Registers 437+V CCGNDU
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Counters and Registers 441The circu
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Counters and Registers 445CX (C) 1B
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Counters and Registers 447Figure 11
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Counters and Registers 449to the dr
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Figure 11.43 Logic diagram of IC 74
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Counters and Registers 45911.13 Shi
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Counters and Registers 461Clock-Inp
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Counters and Registers 4631JFClockC
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Counters and Registers 465R0(1)R0(2
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Counters and Registers 467(9)CLK C1
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Counters and Registers 4711OutputCJ
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12Data Conversion Circuits - D/Aand
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Data Conversion Circuits - D/A and
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{Data Conversion Circuits - D/A and
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(Data Conversion Circuits - D/A and
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526 Digital ElectronicsAddress BusM
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528 Digital Electronicsyear 1973. I
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530 Digital Electronicsto the addre
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532 Digital ElectronicsDemultiplexe
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534 Digital Electronicscounter and
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536 Digital ElectronicsOperationReg
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538 Digital Electronics13.6.1.2 Pow
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540 Digital Electronics13.7 Program
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542 Digital ElectronicsX1X2RESET OU
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544 Digital ElectronicsTable 13.3Si
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{{546 Digital ElectronicsSystem Dat
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{548 Digital ElectronicsBus Interfa
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550 Digital ElectronicsData Registe
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552 Digital ElectronicsBarrelShifte
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554 Digital ElectronicsSequencer an
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556 Digital Electronics64-bit inter
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558 Digital Electronicsfrom the Pen
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560 Digital ElectronicsPentium bran
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562 Digital Electronicsfor microcom
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Page 589 and 590: 572 Digital Electronicsare embedded
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Page 597 and 598: 580 Digital ElectronicsYet another
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Page 603 and 604: 586 Digital ElectronicsPA7/PAI/OC1P
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Page 617 and 618: 600 Digital ElectronicsV CC3V CC2Mi
Page 619 and 620: 602 Digital ElectronicsReview Quest
Page 621 and 622: 15Computer FundamentalsThis chapter
Page 623 and 624: Computer Fundamentals 607Secondary
Page 625 and 626: Computer Fundamentals 60915.3.3 Cla
Page 627 and 628: Computer Fundamentals 611CPURegiste
Page 629 and 630: Computer Fundamentals 613SelectData
Page 631: Computer Fundamentals 615DataInputI
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Page 639 and 640: Computer Fundamentals 623CLKCentral
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Page 651 and 652: Computer Fundamentals 635and RAM-2
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Page 661 and 662: Computer Fundamentals 645The plasma
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670 Digital ElectronicsTriggerFigur
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672 Digital ElectronicsSignalSADC M
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674 Digital Electronics16.12.1.2 Ve
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678 Digital ElectronicsProbe BodyOs
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680 Digital ElectronicsTime BaseOsc
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682 Digital ElectronicsThe resoluti
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684 Digital ElectronicsI/PSamplerLP
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686 Digital ElectronicsReferenceOsc
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688 Digital ElectronicsFrequencyCon
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690 Digital Electronicssynthesizer
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692 Digital Electronicsto indicate
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694 Digital Electronics16.17.2.4 Cl
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696 Digital Electronicshaving a sam
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698 Digital Electronicsthe monitor
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700 Digital Electronicsetc., are th
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704 Digital Electronics(c) accuracy
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Index1’s complement 5, 610’s co
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Index 709A/D converter terminology
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Index 711Binary-to-hex conversion 1
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Index 713CoolRunner 347-8Counter ty
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Index 715Encoder 280-3EPROM 612, 62
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Index 717Hybrid computer 608Hystere
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Index 719Logic gates (Continued)NAN
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Index 721Multivibrator 357-71astabl
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Index 723Power supply decoupling 14
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Index 725Serial-in serial-out shift
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Index 727UP/DOWN counters 425-6US A
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