Digital Electronics: Principles, Devices and Applications

More documents

Recommendations

Info

14MicrocontrollersMicrocontrollers are hidden inside almost every product or device with which its user can interact. Infact, any device that has a remote control or has an LED/LCD screen and a keypad has an embeddedmicrocontroller. Some common products where one is sure to find the use of a microcontroller includeautomobiles, microwave ovens, TVs, VCRs, high-end stereo systems, camcorders, digital cameras,washing machines, laser printers, telephone sets with caller ID facility, mobile phones, refrigeratorsand so on. This chapter focuses on microcontroller fundamentals and the application-related aspects ofit. Beginning with an introductory description of the device, with particular reference to its comparisonwith a microprocessor, the chapter covers the general architecture and the criteria to be followed tochoose the right device for a given application. This is followed by application-relevant information,such as salient features, pin configuration, internal architecture, etc., of popular brands of eight-bit,16-bit, 32-bit and 64-bit microcontrollers from major international manufacturers. Intel’s 8051 familyof microcontrollers is described in more detail.14.1 Introduction to the MicrocontrollerThe microcontroller may be considered as a specialized computer-on-a-chip or a single-chip computer.The word ‘micro’ suggests that the device is small, and the word ‘controller’ suggests that thedevice may be used to control one or more functions of objects, processes or events. It is alsocalled an embedded controller as microcontrollers are often embedded in the device or system thatthey control.The microcontroller contains a simplified processor, some memory (RAM and ROM), I/O portsand peripheral devices such as counters/timers, analogue-to-digital converters, etc., all integrated on asingle chip. It is this feature of the processor and peripheral components available on a single chip thatdistinguishes it from a microprocessor-based system. A microprocessor is nothing but a processingDigital Electronics: Principles, Devices and Applications Anil K. Maini©2007 John Wiley &Sons, Ltd. ISBN: 978-0-470-03214-5
566 Digital ElectronicsROMEEPROMRAMMicroprocessorSerialI/OA/DConverterD/AConverterInputandOutputPortsInputandOutputPortsParallelI/OTimerPWM(a)ROMEEPROMRAMA/DConverterCPUCoreSerialI/OParallelI/OTimerMicrocontrollerPWM(b)Figure 14.1 Microprocessor versus microcontroller: (a) microprocessor configuration; (b) microcontrollerconfiguration.unit with some general-purpose registers. A microprocessor-based system also has RAM, ROM, I/Oports and other peripheral devices to make it a complete functional unit, but all these componentsare external to the microprocessor chip. While a microprocessor-based system is a general-purposesystem that may be programmed to do any of the large number of functions it is capable of doing,
Page 2 and 3:
Digital ElectronicsDigital Electron
Page 4 and 5:
Copyright © 2007John Wiley & Sons
Page 6 and 7:
ContentsPrefacexxi1 Number Systems
Page 8 and 9:
ContentsixReview Questions 67Proble
Page 10 and 11:
Contentsxi6.3.8 Theorem 8 1966.3.9
Page 12 and 13:
Contentsxiii9.11.3 Verilog 3399.11.
Page 14 and 15:
Contentsxv12.2.5 Nonlinearity and D
Page 16 and 17:
Contentsxvii13.10.3 80286 Microproc
Page 18 and 19:
ContentsxixReview Questions 650Prob
Page 20 and 21:
PrefaceDigital electronics is essen
Page 22 and 23:
Prefacexxiiilogic analysers, freque
Page 25 and 26:
Number Systems 3The value or magnit
Page 27 and 28:
Number Systems 5The 1’s complemen
Page 29 and 30:
Number Systems 7• The fractional
Page 31 and 32:
Number Systems 9• The octal equiv
Page 33 and 34:
Number Systems 11Solution• The gi
Page 35 and 36:
Number Systems 13Hexadecimal system
Page 37 and 38:
Number Systems 15Byte-1 Byte-2 Byte
Page 39 and 40:
Number Systems 17Therefore, the exp
Page 41 and 42:
2Binary CodesThe present chapter is
Page 43 and 44:
Binary Codes 212.1.3 Higher-Density
Page 45 and 46:
Binary Codes 23Fractional part = .7
Page 47 and 48:
Binary Codes 252.3.2 Gray Code-Bina
Page 49 and 50:
Binary Codes 27Solution(a) The bina
Page 51 and 52:
Binary Codes 29Table 2.6(continued)
Page 53 and 54:
Page 55 and 56:
Page 57 and 58:
Page 59 and 60:
Page 61 and 62:
Binary Codes 39fabDPegdc(a)afbegcDP
Page 63 and 64:
Binary Codes 412.6.1 Parity CodeA p
Page 65 and 66:
Binary Codes 43Table 2.9Generation
Page 67 and 68:
Binary Codes 456. What is a parity
Page 69 and 70:
48 Digital ElectronicsTable 3.1Bina
Page 71 and 72:
50 Digital ElectronicsCase 1• Con
Page 73 and 74:
52 Digital Electronics2. (AF1.B3) 1
Page 75 and 76:
54 Digital ElectronicsCase 2• Let
Page 77 and 78:
56 Digital ElectronicsExample 3.4Su
Page 79 and 80:
58 Digital Electronics0110 1000 rep
Page 81 and 82:
60 Digital ElectronicsTable 3.3Mult
Page 83 and 84:
62 Digital ElectronicsTable 3.6algo
Page 85 and 86:
64 Digital ElectronicsTable 3.8 Exa
Page 87 and 88:
66 Digital Electronicsquotient is g
Page 89 and 90:
68 Digital Electronics5. Prove that
Page 91 and 92:
70 Digital ElectronicsIf the two vo
Page 93 and 94:
72 Digital ElectronicsABCY=A+B+C(a)
Page 95 and 96:
74 Digital ElectronicsABY=A.B(a)A00
Page 97 and 98:
76 Digital ElectronicsXY=X(a)XY=XX0
Page 99 and 100:
78 Digital ElectronicsAY1BCY(a)ABCD
Page 101 and 102:
80 Digital ElectronicsABYABY=A+B(a)
Page 103 and 104:
82 Digital ElectronicsABCDY=A.B.C.D
Page 105 and 106:
84 Digital Electronics'1''1'ab c d
Page 107 and 108:
86 Digital ElectronicsAY=A(a)ABY=A+
Page 109 and 110:
88 Digital ElectronicsAYBEA00001111
Page 111 and 112:
90 Digital ElectronicsABCD(AB+CD+EF
Page 113 and 114:
92 Digital Electronics(a)(b)4V (vol
Page 115 and 116:
94 Digital Electronics'1'I/PI/P(Vol
Page 117 and 118:
96 Digital ElectronicsIOHIIHIIHIIH(
Page 119 and 120:
98 Digital ElectronicsThe output of
Page 121 and 122:
100 Digital ElectronicsE1LLHE2LHXOp
Page 123 and 124:
102 Digital Electronics1A1B2A2B3A3B
Page 125 and 126:
104 Digital Electronics4.13.2 AND G
Page 127 and 128:
106 Digital ElectronicsFigure 4.53(
Page 129 and 130:
108 Digital ElectronicsTable 4.1(co
Page 131 and 132:
110 Digital Electronics(c) a three-
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135 and 136:
114 Digital Electronics6. It is pro
Page 137 and 138:
116 Digital Electronicsother and th
Page 139 and 140:
118 Digital Electronics5.1.2.3 ECL
Page 141 and 142:
120 Digital Electronics• LOW-leve
Page 143 and 144:
122 Digital Electronics• Enable t
Page 145 and 146:
124 Digital ElectronicsExample 5.2R
Page 147 and 148:
126 Digital Electronics+VCC+VCCR 3I
Page 149 and 150:
128 Digital Electronics4K 1301.6KVC
Page 151 and 152:
130 Digital Electronicsbe in cut-of
Page 153 and 154:
132 Digital ElectronicsVCC4K1.6KInp
Page 155 and 156:
134 Digital Electronicslow-power TT
Page 157 and 158:
136 Digital Electronics5.3.5.1 Char
Page 159 and 160:
138 Digital ElectronicsVCCR 137KR 2
Page 161 and 162:
140 Digital Electronicsfeatures of
Page 163 and 164:
142 Digital ElectronicsFigure 5.24H
Page 165 and 166:
144 Digital Electronics+VCC+VCCR1IO
Page 167 and 168:
146 Digital ElectronicsFigure 5.30
Page 169 and 170:
148 Digital Electronics5.4.1.2 MECL
Page 171 and 172:
150 Digital ElectronicsFigure 5.33E
Page 173 and 174:
152 Digital Electronicsfunctions as
Page 175 and 176:
154 Digital ElectronicsVDDAQ1BQ 2Y=
Page 177 and 178:
156 Digital ElectronicsVDDAQ 1BQ2Q5
Page 179 and 180:
158 Digital ElectronicsFigure 5.42T
Page 181 and 182:
160 Digital Electronics+VDDQ7Q8Q5Q6
Page 183 and 184:
162 Digital ElectronicsFigure 5.46C
Page 185 and 186:
Page 187 and 188:
166 Digital Electronicslogic status
Page 189 and 190:
168 Digital Electronics5.5.2.4 74AC
Page 191 and 192:
170 Digital Electronics+VDDA+VDDA -
Page 193 and 194:
172 Digital Electronics+VDDAQ 1Q 3Q
Page 195 and 196:
174 Digital Electronicsthe conducti
Page 197 and 198:
176 Digital Electronics+VRQ3Q4AAQ 2
Page 199 and 200:
178 Digital Electronics74S00174S002
Page 201 and 202:
180 Digital Electronicsvoltage of 5
Page 203 and 204:
182 Digital Electronics+5V10KI/PTTL
Page 205 and 206:
184 Digital ElectronicsI/PCMOSCMOS-
Page 207 and 208:
Page 209 and 210:
6Boolean Algebra andSimplification
Page 211 and 212:
Boolean Algebra and Simplification
Page 213 and 214:
Page 215 and 216:
Page 217 and 218:
Page 219 and 220:
Page 221 and 222:
Page 223 and 224:
Page 225 and 226:
Page 227 and 228:
Page 229 and 230:
Page 231 and 232:
Page 233 and 234:
Page 235 and 236:
Page 237 and 238:
Page 239 and 240:
Page 241 and 242:
Page 243 and 244:
Page 245 and 246:
Page 247 and 248:
Page 249 and 250:
Page 251 and 252:
Page 253 and 254:
234 Digital Electronics'n'InputsCom
Page 255 and 256:
236 Digital Electronicsof Boolean e
Page 257 and 258:
238 Digital ElectronicsC in C out11
Page 259 and 260:
240 Digital ElectronicsABC inABC in
Page 261 and 262:
242 Digital ElectronicsABHalfSubtra
Page 263 and 264:
244 Digital ElectronicsB inABDB o(a
Page 265 and 266:
246 Digital ElectronicsFigure 7.19F
Page 267 and 268:
248 Digital ElectronicsTable 7.1 Re
Page 269 and 270:
250 Digital ElectronicsExample 7.1F
Page 271 and 272:
252 Digital ElectronicsSolutionLet
Page 273 and 274:
254 Digital ElectronicsB 7 B 6 B 5
Page 275 and 276:
256 Digital Electronicsotherwise ha
Page 277 and 278:
Page 279 and 280:
260 Digital Electronics7.7 Arithmet
Page 281 and 282:
Page 283 and 284:
264 Digital ElectronicsTable 7.2 Fu
Page 285 and 286:
266 Digital ElectronicsTable 7.3Com
Page 287 and 288:
268 Digital ElectronicsFurther Read
Page 289 and 290:
270 Digital ElectronicsI 0I 1I 2I 3
Page 291 and 292:
272 Digital ElectronicsI 0I 12-to-1
Page 293 and 294:
274 Digital ElectronicsI 0I 1YI 2I
Page 295 and 296:
276 Digital ElectronicsTable 8.2 Im
Page 297 and 298:
278 Digital ElectronicsSolution•
Page 299 and 300:
280 Digital Electronics8.1.4 Cascad
Page 301 and 302:
282 Digital ElectronicsD 0 D 1 D 2
Page 303 and 304:
284 Digital ElectronicsExample 8.4W
Page 305 and 306:
286 Digital ElectronicsAB2-to-40123
Page 307 and 308:
288 Digital ElectronicsABC2 2012345
Page 309 and 310:
290 Digital Electronics0CBA12 22F3-
Page 311 and 312:
292 Digital Electronics(a) Since bo
Page 313 and 314:
294 Digital ElectronicsTable 8.12(c
Page 315 and 316:
296 Digital ElectronicsD 0I 0I 1S 0
Page 317 and 318:
298 Digital ElectronicsFurther Read
Page 319 and 320:
300 Digital Electronicslogic functi
Page 321 and 322:
302 Digital Electronics3. In the ca
Page 323 and 324:
304 Digital ElectronicsD C B AProgr
Page 325 and 326:
306 Digital Electronicsa GAL device
Page 327 and 328:
308 Digital Electronicslarge memory
Page 329 and 330:
310 Digital ElectronicsA B C D EHar
Page 331 and 332:
312 Digital ElectronicsSolution(a)
Page 333 and 334:
314 Digital ElectronicsInputs(n)(k)
Page 335 and 336:
316 Digital ElectronicsABCiSCoFigur
Page 337 and 338:
318 Digital ElectronicsAA 1 0B1B000
Page 339 and 340:
320 Digital ElectronicsA1A0B1B0O/P-
Page 341 and 342:
322 Digital ElectronicsProgrammable
Page 343 and 344:
324 Digital ElectronicsCDAB00 01 11
Page 345 and 346:
326 Digital ElectronicsABCDP Q R SF
Page 347 and 348:
328 Digital ElectronicsFigures 9.23
Page 349 and 350:
330 Digital ElectronicsInputsGlobal
Page 351 and 352:
332 Digital ElectronicsDQO/P4-input
Page 353 and 354:
334 Digital Electronicsthat have ev
Page 355 and 356:
336 Digital ElectronicsLogic CellSR
Page 357 and 358:
338 Digital ElectronicsDesign Entry
Page 359 and 360:
340 Digital Electronicsbraces to de
Page 361 and 362:
342 Digital ElectronicsCLK120VccI02
Page 363 and 364:
344 Digital ElectronicsCLK120VccI02
Page 365 and 366:
346 Digital ElectronicsARDCLKQQ4to1
Page 367 and 368:
348 Digital ElectronicsCentral Swit
Page 369 and 370:
350 Digital ElectronicsTable 9.6Sal
Page 371 and 372:
352 Digital ElectronicsQSA1A2A3A4A5
Page 373 and 374:
354 Digital Electronics3. Determine
Page 375 and 376:
10Flip-Flops and Related DevicesHav
Page 377 and 378:
Flip-Flops and Related Devices 359V
Page 379 and 380:
Flip-Flops and Related Devices 361+
Page 381 and 382:
Flip-Flops and Related Devices 363p
Page 383 and 384:
Page 385 and 386:
Page 387 and 388:
Flip-Flops and Related Devices 369v
Page 389 and 390:
Flip-Flops and Related Devices 371V
Page 391 and 392:
Flip-Flops and Related Devices 3731
Page 393 and 394:
Flip-Flops and Related Devices 375S
Page 395 and 396:
Page 397 and 398:
Flip-Flops and Related Devices 379t
Page 399 and 400:
Page 401 and 402:
Flip-Flops and Related Devices 383C
Page 403 and 404:
Flip-Flops and Related Devices 385J
Page 405 and 406:
Flip-Flops and Related Devices 387P
Page 407 and 408:
Flip-Flops and Related Devices 389a
Page 409 and 410:
Flip-Flops and Related Devices 391F
Page 411 and 412:
Flip-Flops and Related Devices 393Q
Page 413 and 414:
Flip-Flops and Related Devices 395I
Page 415 and 416:
Flip-Flops and Related Devices 397D
Page 417 and 418:
Flip-Flops and Related Devices 3991
Page 419 and 420:
Page 421 and 422:
Page 423 and 424:
Page 425 and 426:
Flip-Flops and Related Devices 407w
Page 427 and 428:
Flip-Flops and Related Devices 409(
Page 429 and 430:
11Counters and RegistersCounters an
Page 431 and 432:
Counters and Registers 413ripple co
Page 433 and 434:
Counters and Registers 415Table 11.
Page 435 and 436:
Q 00Counters and Registers 4171JQ 0
Page 437 and 438:
Page 439 and 440:
Counters and Registers 421'1'JPrQ A
Page 441 and 442:
Counters and Registers 42311.5 Sync
Page 443 and 444:
Page 445 and 446:
Counters and Registers 427Presettab
Page 447 and 448:
Counters and Registers 429Clk(D)Q 0
Page 449 and 450:
Counters and Registers 431Input AAO
Page 451 and 452:
Counters and Registers 433ClockA-Ou
Page 453 and 454:
Counters and Registers 435PLP3 P2 P
Page 455 and 456:
Counters and Registers 437+V CCGNDU
Page 457 and 458:
Page 459 and 460:
Counters and Registers 441The circu
Page 461 and 462:
Page 463 and 464:
Counters and Registers 445CX (C) 1B
Page 465 and 466:
Counters and Registers 447Figure 11
Page 467 and 468:
Counters and Registers 449to the dr
Page 469 and 470:
Page 471 and 472:
Page 473 and 474:
Page 475 and 476:
Figure 11.43 Logic diagram of IC 74
Page 477 and 478:
Counters and Registers 45911.13 Shi
Page 479 and 480:
Counters and Registers 461Clock-Inp
Page 481 and 482:
Counters and Registers 4631JFClockC
Page 483 and 484:
Counters and Registers 465R0(1)R0(2
Page 485 and 486:
Counters and Registers 467(9)CLK C1
Page 487 and 488:
Page 489 and 490:
Counters and Registers 4711OutputCJ
Page 491 and 492:
12Data Conversion Circuits - D/Aand
Page 493 and 494:
Data Conversion Circuits - D/A and
Page 495 and 496:
Page 497 and 498:
{Data Conversion Circuits - D/A and
Page 499 and 500:
Page 501 and 502:
Page 503 and 504:
Page 505 and 506:
(Data Conversion Circuits - D/A and
Page 507 and 508:
Page 509 and 510:
Page 511 and 512:
Page 513 and 514:
Page 515 and 516:
Page 517 and 518:
Page 519 and 520:
Page 521 and 522:
Page 523 and 524:
Page 525 and 526:
Page 527 and 528:
Page 529 and 530:
Page 531 and 532: Data Conversion Circuits - D/A and
Page 543 and 544: 526 Digital ElectronicsAddress BusM
Page 545 and 546: 528 Digital Electronicsyear 1973. I
Page 547 and 548: 530 Digital Electronicsto the addre
Page 549 and 550: 532 Digital ElectronicsDemultiplexe
Page 551 and 552: 534 Digital Electronicscounter and
Page 553 and 554: 536 Digital ElectronicsOperationReg
Page 555 and 556: 538 Digital Electronics13.6.1.2 Pow
Page 557 and 558: 540 Digital Electronics13.7 Program
Page 559 and 560: 542 Digital ElectronicsX1X2RESET OU
Page 561 and 562: 544 Digital ElectronicsTable 13.3Si
Page 563 and 564: {{546 Digital ElectronicsSystem Dat
Page 565 and 566: {548 Digital ElectronicsBus Interfa
Page 567 and 568: 550 Digital ElectronicsData Registe
Page 569 and 570: 552 Digital ElectronicsBarrelShifte
Page 571 and 572: 554 Digital ElectronicsSequencer an
Page 573 and 574: 556 Digital Electronics64-bit inter
Page 575 and 576: 558 Digital Electronicsfrom the Pen
Page 577 and 578: 560 Digital ElectronicsPentium bran
Page 579 and 580: 562 Digital Electronicsfor microcom
Page 581: 564 Digital Electronics4. Briefly d
Page 585 and 586: 568 Digital ElectronicsFromSensorsT
Page 587 and 588: 570 Digital ElectronicsThe digital-
Page 589 and 590: 572 Digital Electronicsare embedded
Page 591 and 592: 574 Digital Electronicscomprises on
Page 593 and 594: 576 Digital Electronics14.3.2 Mappi
Page 595 and 596: 578 Digital ElectronicsRegister-1Re
Page 597 and 598: 580 Digital ElectronicsYet another
Page 599 and 600: 582 Digital ElectronicsT2/P1.0T2EX/
Page 601 and 602: 584 Digital Electronics14.5.1.8 68H
Page 603 and 604: 586 Digital ElectronicsPA7/PAI/OC1P
Page 605 and 606: 588 Digital ElectronicsPeripheral-r
Page 607 and 608: *590 Digital ElectronicsPP3/PW3PP4P
Page 609 and 610: 592 Digital Electronicssignal-proce
Page 611 and 612: 594 Digital ElectronicsV CCMicrocon
Page 613 and 614: 596 Digital ElectronicsV CCI/O PinI
Page 615 and 616: 598 Digital Electronicsdp1234567abc
Page 617 and 618: 600 Digital ElectronicsV CC3V CC2Mi
Page 619 and 620: 602 Digital ElectronicsReview Quest
Page 621 and 622: 15Computer FundamentalsThis chapter
Page 623 and 624: Computer Fundamentals 607Secondary
Page 625 and 626: Computer Fundamentals 60915.3.3 Cla
Page 627 and 628: Computer Fundamentals 611CPURegiste
Page 629 and 630: Computer Fundamentals 613SelectData
Page 631 and 632: Computer Fundamentals 615DataInputI
Page 633 and 634:
Computer Fundamentals 6171t RCAddre
Page 635 and 636:
Computer Fundamentals 619as in the
Page 637 and 638:
Computer Fundamentals 6211MUX1RAS1C
Page 639 and 640:
Computer Fundamentals 623CLKCentral
Page 641 and 642:
Computer Fundamentals 6251AddressIn
Page 643 and 644:
Computer Fundamentals 627Row-0+V CC
Page 645 and 646:
Computer Fundamentals 629erasabilit
Page 647 and 648:
Computer Fundamentals 631code conve
Page 649 and 650:
Computer Fundamentals 633AB 3Addres
Page 651 and 652:
Computer Fundamentals 635and RAM-2
Page 653 and 654:
Computer Fundamentals 637A 0 A 1 A
Page 655 and 656:
Computer Fundamentals 63912 34 5678
Page 657 and 658:
Computer Fundamentals 64115.8.2.1 I
Page 659 and 660:
Computer Fundamentals 64315.9.1 Inp
Page 661 and 662:
Computer Fundamentals 645The plasma
Page 663 and 664:
Computer Fundamentals 647the disk s
Page 665 and 666:
Computer Fundamentals 649The read o
Page 667 and 668:
Computer Fundamentals 6512. A certa
Page 669 and 670:
654 Digital ElectronicsFault detect
Page 671 and 672:
656 Digital Electronics16.1.2.1 Ope
Page 673 and 674:
658 Digital ElectronicsI 1456I 2121
Page 675 and 676:
660 Digital ElectronicsClk-11Clk1D1
Page 677 and 678:
662 Digital Electronicsthe clock si
Page 679 and 680:
664 Digital ElectronicsSolution•
Page 681 and 682:
666 Digital Electronics16.6.1 Advan
Page 683 and 684:
Page 685 and 686:
670 Digital ElectronicsTriggerFigur
Page 687 and 688:
672 Digital ElectronicsSignalSADC M
Page 689 and 690:
674 Digital Electronics16.12.1.2 Ve
Page 691 and 692:
Page 693 and 694:
678 Digital ElectronicsProbe BodyOs
Page 695 and 696:
680 Digital ElectronicsTime BaseOsc
Page 697 and 698:
682 Digital ElectronicsThe resoluti
Page 699 and 700:
684 Digital ElectronicsI/PSamplerLP
Page 701 and 702:
686 Digital ElectronicsReferenceOsc
Page 703 and 704:
688 Digital ElectronicsFrequencyCon
Page 705 and 706:
690 Digital Electronicssynthesizer
Page 707 and 708:
692 Digital Electronicsto indicate
Page 709 and 710:
694 Digital Electronics16.17.2.4 Cl
Page 711 and 712:
696 Digital Electronicshaving a sam
Page 713 and 714:
698 Digital Electronicsthe monitor
Page 715 and 716:
700 Digital Electronicsetc., are th
Page 717 and 718:
Page 719 and 720:
704 Digital Electronics(c) accuracy
Page 721 and 722:
Index1’s complement 5, 610’s co
Page 723 and 724:
Index 709A/D converter terminology
Page 725 and 726:
Index 711Binary-to-hex conversion 1
Page 727 and 728:
Index 713CoolRunner 347-8Counter ty
Page 729 and 730:
Index 715Encoder 280-3EPROM 612, 62
Page 731 and 732:
Index 717Hybrid computer 608Hystere
Page 733 and 734:
Index 719Logic gates (Continued)NAN
Page 735 and 736:
Index 721Multivibrator 357-71astabl
Page 737 and 738:
Index 723Power supply decoupling 14
Page 739 and 740:
Index 725Serial-in serial-out shift
Page 741:
Index 727UP/DOWN counters 425-6US A
show all

Digital Electronics: Principles, Devices and Applications

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?