Digital Electronics: Principles, Devices and Applications

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Arithmetic Circuits 241ABSCoutCin(a)CinABHalfAdderSumCarryHalfAdderSumCarrySCout(b)Figure 7.10Logic implementation of a full adder with half-adders.B3A 3 A 2 A 1 A 0B 2 B 1 B 0CinFAFA FA FACoutS3 S2 S1 S0Figure 7.11Four-bit binary adder.D = AB + AB (7.12)B o = AB (7.13)It is obvious that there is no further scope for any simplification of the Boolean expressions givenby Equations (7.12) and (7.13). While the expression for the DIFFERENCE (D output is that of
242 Digital ElectronicsABHalfSubtractorD=A–BBoA0011B0101D0110Bo0100Figure 7.12Half-subtractor.ABD=A–BBoFigure 7.13Logic diagram of a half-subtractor.an EX-OR gate, the expression for the BORROW output (B o is that of an AND gate with inputA complemented before it is fed to the gate. Figure 7.13 shows the logic implementation of ahalf-subtractor. Comparing a half-subtractor with a half-adder, we find that the expressions for theSUM and DIFFERENCE outputs are just the same. The expression for BORROW in the case ofthe half-subtractor is also similar to what we have for CARRY in the case of the half-adder. Ifthe input A, that is, the minuend, is complemented, an AND gate can be used to implement theBORROW output. Note the similarities between the logic diagrams of Fig. 7.5 (half-adder) and Fig. 7.13(half-subtractor).7.3.4 Full SubtractorA full subtractor performs subtraction operation on two bits, a minuend and a subtrahend, and also takesinto consideration whether a ‘1’ has already been borrowed by the previous adjacent lower minuend bitor not. As a result, there are three bits to be handled at the input of a full subtractor, namely the two bitsto be subtracted and a borrow bit designated as B in . There are two outputs, namely the DIFFERENCEoutput D and the BORROW output B o . The BORROW output bit tells whether the minuend bit needsto borrow a ‘1’ from the next possible higher minuend bit. Figure 7.14 shows the truth table of a fullsubtractor.The Boolean expressions for the two output variables are given by the equationsD = ABB in + ABB in + ABB in + ABB in (7.14)B o = ABB in + ABB in + ABB in + ABB in (7.15)
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Digital ElectronicsDigital Electron
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Copyright © 2007John Wiley & Sons
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ContentsPrefacexxi1 Number Systems
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ContentsixReview Questions 67Proble
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Contentsxi6.3.8 Theorem 8 1966.3.9
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Contentsxiii9.11.3 Verilog 3399.11.
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Contentsxv12.2.5 Nonlinearity and D
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Contentsxvii13.10.3 80286 Microproc
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ContentsxixReview Questions 650Prob
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PrefaceDigital electronics is essen
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Prefacexxiiilogic analysers, freque
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Number Systems 3The value or magnit
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Number Systems 5The 1’s complemen
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Number Systems 7• The fractional
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Number Systems 9• The octal equiv
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Number Systems 11Solution• The gi
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Number Systems 13Hexadecimal system
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Number Systems 15Byte-1 Byte-2 Byte
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Number Systems 17Therefore, the exp
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2Binary CodesThe present chapter is
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Binary Codes 212.1.3 Higher-Density
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Binary Codes 23Fractional part = .7
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Binary Codes 252.3.2 Gray Code-Bina
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Binary Codes 27Solution(a) The bina
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Binary Codes 29Table 2.6(continued)
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Binary Codes 39fabDPegdc(a)afbegcDP
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Binary Codes 412.6.1 Parity CodeA p
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Binary Codes 43Table 2.9Generation
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Binary Codes 456. What is a parity
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48 Digital ElectronicsTable 3.1Bina
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50 Digital ElectronicsCase 1• Con
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52 Digital Electronics2. (AF1.B3) 1
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54 Digital ElectronicsCase 2• Let
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56 Digital ElectronicsExample 3.4Su
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58 Digital Electronics0110 1000 rep
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60 Digital ElectronicsTable 3.3Mult
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62 Digital ElectronicsTable 3.6algo
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64 Digital ElectronicsTable 3.8 Exa
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66 Digital Electronicsquotient is g
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68 Digital Electronics5. Prove that
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70 Digital ElectronicsIf the two vo
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72 Digital ElectronicsABCY=A+B+C(a)
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74 Digital ElectronicsABY=A.B(a)A00
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76 Digital ElectronicsXY=X(a)XY=XX0
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78 Digital ElectronicsAY1BCY(a)ABCD
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80 Digital ElectronicsABYABY=A+B(a)
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82 Digital ElectronicsABCDY=A.B.C.D
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84 Digital Electronics'1''1'ab c d
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86 Digital ElectronicsAY=A(a)ABY=A+
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88 Digital ElectronicsAYBEA00001111
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90 Digital ElectronicsABCD(AB+CD+EF
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92 Digital Electronics(a)(b)4V (vol
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94 Digital Electronics'1'I/PI/P(Vol
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96 Digital ElectronicsIOHIIHIIHIIH(
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98 Digital ElectronicsThe output of
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100 Digital ElectronicsE1LLHE2LHXOp
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102 Digital Electronics1A1B2A2B3A3B
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104 Digital Electronics4.13.2 AND G
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106 Digital ElectronicsFigure 4.53(
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108 Digital ElectronicsTable 4.1(co
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110 Digital Electronics(c) a three-
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114 Digital Electronics6. It is pro
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116 Digital Electronicsother and th
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118 Digital Electronics5.1.2.3 ECL
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120 Digital Electronics• LOW-leve
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122 Digital Electronics• Enable t
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124 Digital ElectronicsExample 5.2R
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126 Digital Electronics+VCC+VCCR 3I
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128 Digital Electronics4K 1301.6KVC
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130 Digital Electronicsbe in cut-of
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132 Digital ElectronicsVCC4K1.6KInp
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134 Digital Electronicslow-power TT
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136 Digital Electronics5.3.5.1 Char
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138 Digital ElectronicsVCCR 137KR 2
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140 Digital Electronicsfeatures of
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142 Digital ElectronicsFigure 5.24H
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144 Digital Electronics+VCC+VCCR1IO
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146 Digital ElectronicsFigure 5.30
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148 Digital Electronics5.4.1.2 MECL
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150 Digital ElectronicsFigure 5.33E
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152 Digital Electronicsfunctions as
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154 Digital ElectronicsVDDAQ1BQ 2Y=
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156 Digital ElectronicsVDDAQ 1BQ2Q5
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158 Digital ElectronicsFigure 5.42T
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160 Digital Electronics+VDDQ7Q8Q5Q6
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162 Digital ElectronicsFigure 5.46C
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166 Digital Electronicslogic status
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168 Digital Electronics5.5.2.4 74AC
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170 Digital Electronics+VDDA+VDDA -
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172 Digital Electronics+VDDAQ 1Q 3Q
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174 Digital Electronicsthe conducti
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176 Digital Electronics+VRQ3Q4AAQ 2
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178 Digital Electronics74S00174S002
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180 Digital Electronicsvoltage of 5
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182 Digital Electronics+5V10KI/PTTL
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184 Digital ElectronicsI/PCMOSCMOS-
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Page 209 and 210: 6Boolean Algebra andSimplification
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292 Digital Electronics(a) Since bo
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294 Digital ElectronicsTable 8.12(c
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296 Digital ElectronicsD 0I 0I 1S 0
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298 Digital ElectronicsFurther Read
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300 Digital Electronicslogic functi
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302 Digital Electronics3. In the ca
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304 Digital ElectronicsD C B AProgr
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306 Digital Electronicsa GAL device
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308 Digital Electronicslarge memory
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310 Digital ElectronicsA B C D EHar
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312 Digital ElectronicsSolution(a)
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314 Digital ElectronicsInputs(n)(k)
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316 Digital ElectronicsABCiSCoFigur
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318 Digital ElectronicsAA 1 0B1B000
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320 Digital ElectronicsA1A0B1B0O/P-
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322 Digital ElectronicsProgrammable
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324 Digital ElectronicsCDAB00 01 11
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326 Digital ElectronicsABCDP Q R SF
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328 Digital ElectronicsFigures 9.23
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330 Digital ElectronicsInputsGlobal
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332 Digital ElectronicsDQO/P4-input
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334 Digital Electronicsthat have ev
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336 Digital ElectronicsLogic CellSR
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338 Digital ElectronicsDesign Entry
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340 Digital Electronicsbraces to de
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342 Digital ElectronicsCLK120VccI02
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344 Digital ElectronicsCLK120VccI02
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346 Digital ElectronicsARDCLKQQ4to1
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348 Digital ElectronicsCentral Swit
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350 Digital ElectronicsTable 9.6Sal
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352 Digital ElectronicsQSA1A2A3A4A5
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354 Digital Electronics3. Determine
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10Flip-Flops and Related DevicesHav
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Flip-Flops and Related Devices 359V
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Flip-Flops and Related Devices 361+
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Flip-Flops and Related Devices 363p
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Flip-Flops and Related Devices 369v
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Flip-Flops and Related Devices 371V
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Flip-Flops and Related Devices 3731
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Flip-Flops and Related Devices 375S
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Flip-Flops and Related Devices 379t
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Flip-Flops and Related Devices 383C
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Flip-Flops and Related Devices 387P
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Flip-Flops and Related Devices 389a
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Flip-Flops and Related Devices 391F
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Flip-Flops and Related Devices 407w
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Flip-Flops and Related Devices 409(
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11Counters and RegistersCounters an
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Counters and Registers 413ripple co
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Counters and Registers 415Table 11.
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Q 00Counters and Registers 4171JQ 0
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Counters and Registers 421'1'JPrQ A
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Counters and Registers 42311.5 Sync
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Counters and Registers 427Presettab
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Counters and Registers 429Clk(D)Q 0
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Counters and Registers 431Input AAO
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Counters and Registers 433ClockA-Ou
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Counters and Registers 435PLP3 P2 P
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Counters and Registers 437+V CCGNDU
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Counters and Registers 441The circu
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Counters and Registers 445CX (C) 1B
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Counters and Registers 447Figure 11
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Counters and Registers 449to the dr
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Figure 11.43 Logic diagram of IC 74
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Counters and Registers 45911.13 Shi
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Counters and Registers 461Clock-Inp
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Counters and Registers 4631JFClockC
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Counters and Registers 465R0(1)R0(2
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Counters and Registers 467(9)CLK C1
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Counters and Registers 4711OutputCJ
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12Data Conversion Circuits - D/Aand
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Data Conversion Circuits - D/A and
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{Data Conversion Circuits - D/A and
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(Data Conversion Circuits - D/A and
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526 Digital ElectronicsAddress BusM
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528 Digital Electronicsyear 1973. I
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530 Digital Electronicsto the addre
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532 Digital ElectronicsDemultiplexe
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534 Digital Electronicscounter and
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536 Digital ElectronicsOperationReg
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538 Digital Electronics13.6.1.2 Pow
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540 Digital Electronics13.7 Program
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542 Digital ElectronicsX1X2RESET OU
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544 Digital ElectronicsTable 13.3Si
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{{546 Digital ElectronicsSystem Dat
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{548 Digital ElectronicsBus Interfa
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550 Digital ElectronicsData Registe
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552 Digital ElectronicsBarrelShifte
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554 Digital ElectronicsSequencer an
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556 Digital Electronics64-bit inter
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558 Digital Electronicsfrom the Pen
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560 Digital ElectronicsPentium bran
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562 Digital Electronicsfor microcom
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564 Digital Electronics4. Briefly d
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566 Digital ElectronicsROMEEPROMRAM
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568 Digital ElectronicsFromSensorsT
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570 Digital ElectronicsThe digital-
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572 Digital Electronicsare embedded
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574 Digital Electronicscomprises on
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576 Digital Electronics14.3.2 Mappi
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578 Digital ElectronicsRegister-1Re
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580 Digital ElectronicsYet another
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582 Digital ElectronicsT2/P1.0T2EX/
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584 Digital Electronics14.5.1.8 68H
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586 Digital ElectronicsPA7/PAI/OC1P
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588 Digital ElectronicsPeripheral-r
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*590 Digital ElectronicsPP3/PW3PP4P
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592 Digital Electronicssignal-proce
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594 Digital ElectronicsV CCMicrocon
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596 Digital ElectronicsV CCI/O PinI
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598 Digital Electronicsdp1234567abc
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600 Digital ElectronicsV CC3V CC2Mi
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602 Digital ElectronicsReview Quest
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15Computer FundamentalsThis chapter
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Computer Fundamentals 607Secondary
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Computer Fundamentals 60915.3.3 Cla
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Computer Fundamentals 611CPURegiste
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Computer Fundamentals 613SelectData
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Computer Fundamentals 615DataInputI
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Computer Fundamentals 6171t RCAddre
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Computer Fundamentals 619as in the
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Computer Fundamentals 6211MUX1RAS1C
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Computer Fundamentals 623CLKCentral
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Computer Fundamentals 6251AddressIn
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Computer Fundamentals 627Row-0+V CC
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Computer Fundamentals 629erasabilit
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Computer Fundamentals 631code conve
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Computer Fundamentals 633AB 3Addres
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Computer Fundamentals 635and RAM-2
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Computer Fundamentals 637A 0 A 1 A
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Computer Fundamentals 63912 34 5678
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Computer Fundamentals 64115.8.2.1 I
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Computer Fundamentals 64315.9.1 Inp
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Computer Fundamentals 645The plasma
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Computer Fundamentals 647the disk s
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Computer Fundamentals 649The read o
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Computer Fundamentals 6512. A certa
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654 Digital ElectronicsFault detect
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656 Digital Electronics16.1.2.1 Ope
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658 Digital ElectronicsI 1456I 2121
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660 Digital ElectronicsClk-11Clk1D1
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662 Digital Electronicsthe clock si
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664 Digital ElectronicsSolution•
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666 Digital Electronics16.6.1 Advan
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670 Digital ElectronicsTriggerFigur
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672 Digital ElectronicsSignalSADC M
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674 Digital Electronics16.12.1.2 Ve
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678 Digital ElectronicsProbe BodyOs
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680 Digital ElectronicsTime BaseOsc
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682 Digital ElectronicsThe resoluti
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684 Digital ElectronicsI/PSamplerLP
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686 Digital ElectronicsReferenceOsc
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688 Digital ElectronicsFrequencyCon
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690 Digital Electronicssynthesizer
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692 Digital Electronicsto indicate
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694 Digital Electronics16.17.2.4 Cl
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696 Digital Electronicshaving a sam
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698 Digital Electronicsthe monitor
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700 Digital Electronicsetc., are th
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704 Digital Electronics(c) accuracy
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Index1’s complement 5, 610’s co
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Index 709A/D converter terminology
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Index 711Binary-to-hex conversion 1
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Index 713CoolRunner 347-8Counter ty
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Index 715Encoder 280-3EPROM 612, 62
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Index 717Hybrid computer 608Hystere
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Index 719Logic gates (Continued)NAN
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Index 721Multivibrator 357-71astabl
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Index 723Power supply decoupling 14
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Index 725Serial-in serial-out shift
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Index 727UP/DOWN counters 425-6US A
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