Principles of Plant Genetics and Breeding

A-chromosomes, 229
A-line, 344
abiotic resistance, 385
active collections, 99
adaptation, 9, 427
additive effect, 125
additive gene action, 125
additive variance, 127
advanced backcross breeding, 96, 252
advanced yield trial, 419
adventitious shoot production, 183
agamospermy, 64
agriculture, 3, 6
alien addition lines, 228
alleles, 38, 40–43
multiple, 40
recessive, 40
allogamous (cross-pollination), 56
alloploidy (alloploid), 215, 221
allozymes, 42, 248
alternative hypothesis, 147
alternative splicing, 51
amphiploidy (amphiploid), 215
amplified fragment length
polymorphisms (AFLP), 249
androecium, 58
androgenesis, 64
angiosperms, 76
annuals, 57
ANOVA (analysis of variance), 154
Anther culture, 186
antibiotic selection, 235
antiparallel, 48
anueploidy, 227
apomictic cultivar, 283
apomixis, 63–67, 196
apospory, 64
artificial hybridization, 165
see also hybridization
Association of Official Seed Analysis,
445
Association of Official Seed Certifying
Agencies, 447
autogamous (self-pollination), 56
autoploidy (autoploids), 215, 220
avirulent, 369
avoidance, 369, 379
axillary shoot production, 183
Index
B-chromosomes, 229
B-line, 344
backcross breeding, 303–308, 331
backup collections, 99
base collections, 99
better-parent heterosis, 340
biennials, 57
binomial system of classification, 7,
76
biochemistry, 26
bioinformatics, 26, 238, 240
biological variation, 75
biological yield, 353
biomass, 353
biopharming, 4
biotechnology, 231–255
cloning genes, 233
definition, 231
gene transfer, 234–237
general steps in rDNA technology,
231
genomics, 237
landmark discoveries, 232
legal risks of adoption of GM crops,
278
public perception and fears, 276
regulation of the industry, 269
biotechnology in developing countries,
459
biparental inheritance, 37
blends (cultivar), 308
boom and bust cycles, 375
Borlaug, N., 10, 11–13
botany, 25
breeder seed, 436, 438
breeders’ equation, 131
breeder’s eye, 24
breeders’ rights, 258
breeders’ trials, 418
breeding objectives, 495, 507, 517,
527, 535, 544, 553
breeding potato, 537–545
breeding value, 126
bridge crosses, 178
broad sense heritability, 128
bt resistance, 377
bulbosum method, 187
bulk population breeding, 294–297
Calyx, 58
Camerarius, R.J., 7
canonical correlation, 161
Cartagena Protocol on biosafety, 274
cDNA library, 233
cell, 35
central dogma of molecular biology, 49
centralized plant breeding, 462–468
certified seed, 436, 441
CGIAR centers, 453
chemical mutagens, 203
chiasma, 80
chimera, 200, 206
chimerism, 194
chi-square test, 153
chromosomal mutation, 202
chromosome deletion, 228
chromosome elimination, 187
chromosome mapping, 46
chromosome substitution, 229
chromosomes, 37
classification, 75–78
operational system, 77
rules, 76
cleistogamy, 60
clonal cultivar, 283
clonal propagation, 61
clonally propagated species breeding,
193–196
breeding apomictic cultivars, 196
breeding approaches, 195
genetic issues, 194
clones, 194, 284
cloning vectors, 233
cluster analysis, 161
coat protein mediated viral resistance,
382
codominance, 42
codon, 50
coefficient of inbreeding, 116
coefficient of variation, 151
cold stress breeding, 392
combining ability, 139–141, 328
comparative genomics, 237
complementary DNA (cDNA), 49
complete block designs, 430
complete flower, 58
complete linkage, 43