Principles of Plant Genetics and Breeding

technology protection system (TPS),
244
template strand, 50
tertiary gene pool, 89
testcross, 41
three-way cross, 170
thrum, 68
tissue 181–188
applications, 184–186
culture, 181–185
culture medium, 182
directed selection, 193
in vitro selection, 188
micropropagation, 183
somatic embryogenesis, 184
topcross test, 328
totipotency, 181
trademarks, 258
traditional breeding, 29
transcription, 49
transfer RNA, 49
transgenic plants, 9, 377
transgressive segregation, 81, 123
transient expression, 235
translation, 49, 51
transposable elements, 82, 488
triangle of U, 221
triticale, 226
type II error, 147
variable gene expressivity, 47
variable gene penetrance, 46
variation, 18, 79–85
environmental, 79
genetic, 79
qualitative, 83
quantitative, 84
scale, 83
somaclonal, 83
types, 79
variety blend (composite), 310
variety protection, 433, 442–444
vascular plants, 76
Vavilov, N., 7, 19
vegetative propagation, 62
vertical resistance, 371
vertifolia effect, 375
Vigor test, 446
Vilmorin, L., 7
viral resistance engineering, 382
virulence, 369
warm season plants, 78
wheat breeding, 472–483
INDEX 569
wide crosses, 172–177
bridge crosses, 178
developing new species, 179
objectives, 172
successes, 173
wild type, 200
wobble hypothesis, 50
yield, 353
biological pathways to economic
yield, 356
biological yield, 353
definition, 353
economic yield, 353
selecting for yield per se, 356
yield components, 356
yield plateau, 361
yield stability, 361
yield components, 356
yield gains, 435
yield plateau, 361
yield potential, 357, 386
yield stability, 361
yield trials, 418
xenia, 488