Principles of Plant Genetics and Breeding

national entities. More importantly, every partnership
should involve the developing countries directly and
be implemented in the social context. Including the
developing countries makes the technology more readily
acceptable and facilitates its adoption. It would also help
if the developing countries feel they are not being taken
advantage of, or being forced to accept what they do
not want.
Because of the prohibitive costs of participation in
the exploitation of biotechnology by many developing
countries, a variety of international initiatives exist for
supporting countries to plan or implement research and
extension programs in biotechnology. Currently, most
of these efforts are directed towards food-based biotechnology,
and involve bilateral initiatives by governments
from the developed world, private foundations, tripartite
arrangements, and efforts by the United Nations system.
Acquaah, G., G. Ude, K. Mataud, and N.J. Tonukari. 2006.
Agricultural biotechnology and developing countries:
prospects, challenges and impact. In: Floriculture, orna-
Part A
Please answer the following questions true or false:
1 CIAT is located in Mexico.
2 IRRI has a mandate for corn research.
3 There are 26 CGIAR centers.
4 The World Bank is a funding member of CGIAR.
Part B
Please answer the following questions:
1 Give the full name of the following acronyms:
CIMMYT …………………………………...……………
IITA ………….......………………………………………
CIAT ………………………………………………..……
2 Give a specific research emphasis of CGIAR.
3 Give three of the mandate crops of CGIAR.
4 The ARC is located in ………….......……………………
Part C
Please write a brief essay on each of the following topics:
INTERNATIONAL PLANT BREEDING EFFORTS 461
Reference and suggested reading
Outcomes assessment
1 Discuss funding support for CGIAR.
2 Discuss the major selected accomplishments of CGIAR.
3 Discuss the structural organization and mission of CGIAR.
Summary
1 International plant breeding is conducted primarily
by the IARCs, which are mainly located in the tropical
regions.
2 There are 16 such research centers administered by
CGIAR.
3 The funding for CGIAR comes from member nations
and philanthropic foundations such as the Ford and
Rockefeller Foundations.
4 The research at the CGIAR centers focus on crops
that feed the world.
5 Their research emphasis is on poverty reduction, promotion
of biodiversity, application of biotechnology,
and management of natural resources.
6 The CGIAR centers are repositories for germplasm
for mandate crops.
mental and plant biotechnology, Vol. IV (Teixeira da Silva,
J.A., ed.), pp. 314–327. Global Science Books, Ikenobe,
Japan.