Principles of Plant Genetics and Breeding

More documents

Recommendations

Info

xii PREFACE problems. The professionals were given the latitude to make their presentation in the format of their choosing, without being too technical. Each participant has provided a significant list of references that will be of special interest to graduate students who wish to further investigate the problems discussed. The style of presentation throughout the book is easy to follow and comprehend. Students are constantly re- minded of previous topics of relevance to current topics being discussed. This book is not only an excellent teaching tool, but it is also suitable as a reference source for professionals. For instructors, if you did not receive an artwork CD-ROM with your comp copy, please contact this email address: artworkcd@bos.blackwellpublishing.com
Page 2: Principles of Plant Genetics and Br
Page 6: Principles of Plant Genetics and Br
Page 10: Industry highlights boxes, vii Indu
Page 14: Industry highlights boxes Chapter 1
Page 18: Industry highlights box authors Acq
Page 22: Plant breeding is an art and a scie
Page 30: Part I Underlying science and metho
Page 34: Purpose and expected outcomes Agric
Page 38: to the expression of certain attrib
Page 42: in poor economies, where they save
Page 46: can now be transferred from virtual
Page 50: George Acquaah HISTORY AND ROLE OF
Page 54: Figure 3 Dr Twumasi Afriyie, CIMMYT
Page 58: Part A Please answer the following
Page 62: Purpose and expected outcomes As in
Page 66: crops. Primary crops are those whos
Page 70: Figure 1 Thomas Jefferson, third pr
Page 74:
Roll call of domesticated plants It
Page 78:
misleading effect of a variable env
Page 82:
of spread, life cycle, and most sui
Page 86:
and unconventional. This categoriza
Page 90:
crop by the producer. Also, some in
Page 94:
Resource investment Human capital I
Page 98:
Purpose and expected outcomes Plant
Page 102:
(discussed next). In addition to th
Page 106:
First cell division Second cell div
Page 110:
Egg 1 /2A 1 /2a 1 /4AA 1 /4Aa Polle
Page 114:
Multiple genes Just as a single gen
Page 118:
Chiasma A A B B A B A A Bivalents b
Page 122:
Individual expresses gene of intere
Page 126:
into proteins. Because genes vary i
Page 130:
First base U U UUU UUC UUA UUG (exo
Page 134:
Inducer removes inhibitor Gene a In
Page 138:
Purpose and expected outcomes Repro
Page 142:
Zygote influenced by the duration o
Page 146:
tobacco). However if a flower lacks
Page 150:
of all gene loci and traits of the
Page 154:
Apomixis Seed production in higher
Page 158:
Potential pathways for apomixis gen
Page 162:
(a) (b) PLANT REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS
Page 166:
Stigma Pin flower Thrum flower Figu
Page 170:
True male sterility There are three
Page 174:
Kiesselbach, T.A. 1999. The structu
Page 178:
Purpose and expected outcomes Biolo
Page 182:
3 Frequently, the scientist who fir
Page 186:
Types of variation among plants As
Page 190:
It should be pointed out that recom
Page 194:
The Ac element has an open reading
Page 198:
Short short short plants Short shor
Page 202:
Purpose and expected outcomes As pr
Page 206:
crossing involving parents from wit
Page 210:
PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES FOR PLANT B
Page 214:
(a) Hybrids with GP3 Anomalous, let
Page 218:
What plant breeders can do to addre
Page 222:
into wild habitats by livestock far
Page 226:
ackup collections, active collectio
Page 230:
elow a certain predetermined level,
Page 234:
located in developing countries, wh
Page 238:
and the Animal and Plant Health Ins
Page 242:
Astley, D. 1987. Genetic resource c
Page 246:
Page 250:
Aa, and 51 will be aa. Using the pr
Page 254:
Disequilibrium 1 0.5 0 0 c = 0.5 Fi
Page 258:
germplasm collection and maintenanc
Page 262:
Differential fitness is a factor th
Page 266:
individual through one parent back
Page 270:
Purpose and expected outcomes Most
Page 274:
Polygenes and polygenic inheritance
Page 278:
of the trait of interest determines
Page 282:
variation that the primary genetic
Page 286:
may also be reported as a percentag
Page 290:
will be advanced, and will conseque
Page 294:
Frequency Frequency µ µ s Phenoty
Page 298:
Selection using a restricted index
Page 302:
INTRODUCTION TO QUANTITATIVE GENETI
Page 306:
Explicit indices are laborious, req
Page 310:
This is done for each combination a
Page 314:
A B C Males (a) Conceptual Paired r
Page 318:
Falconer, D.S., and T.F.C. Mackay.
Page 322:
averages, to the more complex multi
Page 326:
andomization. The blocks should be
Page 330:
Coefficient of variation The coeffi
Page 334:
By plugging values for X i , corres
Page 338:
Multivariate statistics in plant br
Page 342:
PC3 (15.8%) PC2 (30.72%) 0.10 0.05
Page 346:
Canonical function II 0.8 0.6 0.4 0
Page 350:
Discriminant function analysis Disc
Page 354:
Section 5 Tools in plant breeding C
Page 358:
Applications of crossing in plant b
Page 362:
emasculation is not a universal req
Page 366:
However, in other crosses, the F 2
Page 370:
Single cross A × B AB Proportion A
Page 374:
3 Creation of new alloploids. Wide
Page 378:
SEXUAL HYBRIDIZATION AND WIDE CROSS
Page 382:
SEXUAL HYBRIDIZATION AND WIDE CROSS
Page 386:
R. C. Buckner and his colleagues su
Page 390:
Purpose and expected outcomes The c
Page 394:
TISSUE CULTURE AND THE BREEDING OF
Page 398:
previously described. Sometimes, to
Page 402:
fraction of androgenic grains devel
Page 406:
Introduction Sergey Chalyk TISSUE C
Page 410:
Page 414:
Page 418:
only be maintained by vegetative pr
Page 422:
Sexually reproductive Apomict New c
Page 426:
Purpose and expected outcomes It wa
Page 430:
the same plant. However, the dual c
Page 434:
1 The ends of the segment may be di
Page 438:
mutagen frequency is desired, the e
Page 442:
Introduction F. Laurens MUTAGENESIS
Page 446:
Climatic adaptation MUTAGENESIS IN
Page 450:
MUTAGENESIS IN PLANT BREEDING 211 K
Page 454:
Part A Please answer the following
Page 458:
Triticum monococcum (2n = 2x = 14)
Page 462:
(a) (b) A B A B a b a b A B A B a b
Page 466:
Table 13.4 Genetics of autoploids.
Page 470:
of sterility because of the odd chr
Page 474:
(a) (b) (c) Figure 1 (a) Germinated
Page 478:
Figure 2 In vitro regenerated plant
Page 482:
(AABBDDRR, 2n = 8x = 56), but it re
Page 486:
(in alloploids) or homologous (in a
Page 490:
Purpose and expected outcomes Genes
Page 494:
and expression (including codon usa
Page 498:
1 Efficient plant regeneration syst
Page 502:
Structural defect in the gene const
Page 506:
sequence analysis. It is an applica
Page 510:
Analysis BIOTECHNOLOGY IN PLANT BRE
Page 514:
BIOTECHNOLOGY IN PLANT BREEDING 243
Page 518:
of genes of known functions. Three
Page 522:
source of the gene is a wild germpl
Page 526:
ands for identification may minimiz
Page 530:
location, genetic effects, and the
Page 534:
3 Germplasm evaluation. Markers can
Page 538:
Engineering pest resistance To date
Page 542:
Purpose and expected outcomes Intel
Page 546:
the key functions of a patent is to
Page 550:
The development of truly new and un
Page 554:
Ethics in plant breeding Manipulati
Page 558:
Introduction ISSUES IN THE APPLICAT
Page 562:
ISSUES IN THE APPLICATION OF BIOTEC
Page 566:
Overview of the regulation of the U
Page 570:
Table 15.2 Some viral-coated protei
Page 574:
conditions. Further, these phenotyp
Page 578:
there is no inherent health risk in
Page 582:
esistance concerns (or “collatera
Page 586:
Damage to economic interest (market
Page 590:
Section 6 Classic methods of plant
Page 594:
Open-pollinated cultivars Contrary
Page 598:
Common plant breeding notations Pla
Page 602:
(a) Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 (b) Source
Page 606:
2 Cultivars developed for a discrim
Page 610:
especially where readily identifiab
Page 614:
Comments 1 Growing parents, making
Page 618:
Comments Generation Year 1 P 1 × P
Page 622:
3 Natural selection may increase fr
Page 626:
5 Every plant originates from a dif
Page 630:
1 year BREEDING SELF-POLLINATED SPE
Page 634:
BREEDING SELF-POLLINATED SPECIES 30
Page 638:
Year 1 Year 2 F 1 Year 3 Year 4 Yea
Page 642:
2 Extensive advanced testing is not
Page 646:
Applications One of the earliest ap
Page 650:
species (maize) and has been a majo
Page 654:
Purpose and expected outcomes As pr
Page 658:
epistatic interactions enhance the
Page 662:
Season 1 Source population C 0 Seas
Page 666:
Procedure: cycle 1 This is the same
Page 670:
Advantages and disadvantages The ma
Page 674:
(a) (b) Figure 1 Examples of (a) Po
Page 678:
Figure 3 Range of seed development
Page 682:
Applications The scheme has been us
Page 686:
stems from several biological facto
Page 690:
Factors affecting the performance o
Page 694:
7 Give a specific disadvantage of m
Page 698:
Other notable advances in the breed
Page 702:
BREEDING HYBRID CULTIVARS 337 ducin
Page 706:
BREEDING HYBRID CULTIVARS 339 for c
Page 710:
of interest. As Falconer indicated,
Page 714:
patterns derived from the same open
Page 718:
(a) (b) Seed parent (male-sterile)
Page 722:
Table 18.1 Calculating heat units a
Page 726:
such as sugarcane (most commercial
Page 730:
Section 7 Selected breeding objecti
Page 734:
water utilization, photoperiod, har
Page 738:
expense of the rest of the plant. N
Page 742:
usually results from one component
Page 746:
Figure 3 Field trials demonstrating
Page 750:
References Concept of yield plateau
Page 754:
Shatter-sensitive cultivars are sus
Page 758:
Nature, types, and economic importa
Page 762:
Page 766:
elative to a benchmark. A genotype
Page 770:
Types of genetic resistance The com
Page 774:
General considerations for breeding
Page 778:
for most middling resistance. It sh
Page 782:
pathogen to give resistance), was c
Page 786:
BREEDING FOR RESISTANCE TO DISEASES
Page 790:
BREEDING FOR RESISTANCE TO DISEASES
Page 794:
5 The plant or cell overproduces th
Page 798:
Purpose and expected outcomes Clima
Page 802:
ultimately its productivity and eco
Page 806:
Breeding for drought resistance Dro
Page 810:
drought. Consequently, phenotypic s
Page 814:
BREEDING FOR RESISTANCE TO ABIOTIC
Page 818:
More N partitioned to leaves before
Page 822:
interruption in normal germination,
Page 826:
Table 21.1 Relative salt tolerance
Page 830:
toxicities of economic importance t
Page 834:
Acevedo, E., and E. Fereres. 1993.
Page 838:
Table 22.1 Essential amino acids th
Page 842:
BREEDING COMPOSITIONAL TRAITS AND A
Page 846:
Figure 1 Farmer (left) and research
Page 850:
the presence of β-carotene, but no
Page 854:
and cell walls are degraded. There
Page 858:
milling, extraction of oil, starch
Page 862:
Section 8 Cultivar release and comm
Page 866:
in two stages. The first stage, cal
Page 870:
genotype is reduced. This raises th
Page 874:
Different models of ANOVA are used
Page 878:
Table 23.2 Stability analysis. PERF
Page 882:
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FOR CROP CUL
Page 886:
esources available (land, seed, lab
Page 890:
Advantages 1 It is the simplest of
Page 894:
Mapping populations have additional
Page 898:
Purpose and expected outcomes The u
Page 902:
Funk Columbiana Farm Seed Germain
Page 906:
Joe W. Burton SEED CERTIFICATION AN
Page 910:
Registered seed Registered seed is
Page 914:
Canada’s Plant Breeders’ Rights
Page 918:
Seed certification process There ar
Page 922:
Table 24.1 Information on a seed ta
Page 926:
Boswell, V.R. 1961. The importance
Page 930:
property is a major one in plant br
Page 934:
important issues to be considered i
Page 938:
Soybean Soybean research is conduct
Page 942:
INTERNATIONAL PLANT BREEDING EFFORT
Page 946:
Selected accomplishments The impact
Page 950:
national entities. More importantly
Page 954:
Cicarelli contest that most farmers
Page 958:
EMERGING CONCEPTS IN PLANT BREEDING
Page 962:
EMERGING CONCEPTS IN PLANT BREEDING
Page 966:
Principles of organic plant breedin
Page 970:
Part II Breeding selected crops Cha
Page 974:
Adaptation Wheat is best adapted to
Page 978:
are less successful, being of poor
Page 982:
Introduction BREEDING WHEAT 477 Ind
Page 986:
Host plant resistance to disease an
Page 990:
Greenhouse nursery Breeders may use
Page 994:
when the production area is isolate
Page 998:
Taxonomy Kingdom Plantae Subkingdom
Page 1002:
encloses the soft starch at the cen
Page 1006:
Designated ms 1 , ms 2 ,...ms n , o
Page 1010:
F. J. Betrán Texas A&M University,
Page 1014:
Development of hybrids BREEDING COR
Page 1018:
chambers may be used for experiment
Page 1022:
orer. A chemical found in corn with
Page 1026:
A British sea captain brought rice
Page 1030:
while awnless is conditioned by an
Page 1034:
Figure 1 Rice panicle being prepare
Page 1038:
Figure 5 A foundation seed field of
Page 1042:
emoved with forceps, the cut may be
Page 1046:
Page 1050:
green midrib because of the presenc
Page 1054:
BREEDING SORGHUM 513 Kansas State U
Page 1058:
Summer Year 5 Summer Year 7 Summer
Page 1062:
covered with the bag. Pollination s
Page 1066:
Page 1070:
and brown being dominant over gray.
Page 1074:
BREEDING SOYBEAN 523 easily selecte
Page 1078:
BREEDING SOYBEAN 525 An advantage o
Page 1082:
Common breeding objectives 1 Grain
Page 1086:
Page 1090:
Program objectives Charles Simpson
Page 1094:
BREEDING PEANUT 533 lines in hopes
Page 1098:
for emasculation, which is done in
Page 1102:
Page 1106:
Evolution of the modern potato crop
Page 1110:
BREEDING POTATO 541 Table 1 The Sco
Page 1114:
(berries) called potato balls. The
Page 1118:
6 Potato tuber quality improvement.
Page 1122:
grown in America, Africa, Asia, and
Page 1126:
Introduction Don L. Keim BREEDING C
Page 1130:
BREEDING COTTON 551 are grown in tr
Page 1134:
economically important traits has b
Page 1138:
Part B Please answer the following
Page 1142:
Central dogma: The underlying model
Page 1146:
Mitosis: The process of nuclear div
Page 1150:
Chapter 1 http://www.foodfirst.org/
Page 1154:
Imperial unit Metric conversion Vol
Page 1158:
complex inheritance, 42 composite c
Page 1162:
minor gene resistance, 371 minor ge
Page 1166:
technology protection system (TPS),
show all

Principles of Plant Genetics and Breeding

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?