Principles of Plant Genetics and Breeding

minor gene resistance, 371
minor genes (polygenes), 43, 84
missense mutation, 202
mitosis, 38
modified pedigree method, 297
modifying genes, 124
molecular breeding, 246, 231
molecular markers, 247–250
monocarps, 57
monocistronic gene, 52
monocots, 76
monoecious plants, 59
monoecy, 61, 68, 349
monoploid, 214
morals, 263
morphological markers, 247
multiline breeding, 308, 374
multilines, 283
multivariate analysis, 155
mutagenesis, 8, 199
mutation, 81, 113
mutation breeding, 196, 199–215
breeding clonally propagated species,
206
breeding seed-bearing plants, 205
factors affecting mutagenesis, 204
limitations of mutagenesis in
breeding, 211
mutagenic agents, 203
types of materials used, 204
types of mutation, 200
narrow sense heritability, 128
natural selection, 17
new world crops, 20
Nilsson, H., 7
non-disjunction, 227
non-vascular plants, 76
Norin 10 dwarfing genes, 475
normal distribution, 150
North Carolina designs, 142
novel traits (breeding), 415
nuclear division, 37–39
nucleic acids, 47–49
DNA, 47
RNA, 48
nucleoside, 47
nucleotide, 47
null hypothesis, 147
obsolete cultivars, 97
official trial, 419
oil quality breeding, 411
old world crops, 20
oligogenes (major genes), 43
INDEX 567
oligonucleotide, 47
open-pollinated cultivar, 283
open reading frame (ORF), 51
organic agriculture, 468
organic plant breeding, 468
orthodox seed, 98
overdominance gene action, 117, 126
overdominance theory (of heterosis),
339
ovule culture
oxidative stress, 401
oxygen enhancement ratio, 204
panicle, 59
parent–offspring regression, 129
parthenogenesis, 188
particle gun, 234
passport data, 100
patents, 258–262
path analysis, 161
pathogen, 369
pathogeneticity, 369
peanut breeding, 529–535
Pearson correlation coefficient, 151
pedigree, 285
pedigree selection, 289–294
penetrance, 46
peptide bonds, 50
perennials, 57
perfect flower, 59
periclinal mutants, 206
phenology, 390
phenotype, 40
photoperiod, 364
photoperiod-insensitive, 9
physical mutagens, 203
physiological maturity, 365
physiological race, 373
physiological traits, 352
pin, 68
plant breeder, 3, 30
plant breeding, 14
art and science of, 24–27
conducting, 28–30
cost, 33
industry, 30–32
international, 32
plant exploration, 102
plant genetic resources, 96, 99
plant genomics, 36, 237
plant ideotype, 354
plant introduction, 102, 104
plant physiology, 25
plant taxonomy, 75
plant variety protection, 262, 442
pleiotropy, 43
ploidy modification, 81
pollination, 59–61, 167
cross-pollination, 61
self-pollination, 60
polycistronic gene, 52
polycross test, 328
polygenes, 123
polygenic inheritance, 43, 84
polymerase chain reaction (PCR), 232
polynucleotide, 47
polypeptide synthesis (protein
synthesis), 49
polyploidy, 214–230
aneuploidy, 227
autoploidy, 216
breeding alloploids, 226
breeding autoploids, 220
cytology, 217
effects on plants, 216
genetics of autoploids, 218
origin, 216
terminology, 214
variation in chromosome number,
215
polyploidy series, 215
population genetics, 109
population improvement, 119
population mean, 149
population variance, 149
position effect, 47
prebreeding, 102
precautionary principle, 273
preliminary yield trial, 419
primary gene pool, 89
primary trisomics, 227
principal component analysis, 160
progeny test, 7
promoters, 235
protandry, 61
protein, 51–53
regulation, 52
structure, 52
synthesis, 51
protein content engineering, 409
protein markers, 247
proteomics, 238
protogyny, 61
protoplast, 185
pro-vitamin A, 5, 9
public sector breeding, 32
pure line, 282
pure-line selection, 288–290
pure-line theory, 7
purines, 47