Principles of Plant Genetics and Breeding

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280 CHAPTER 15 Part B Please answer the following questions: 1 What is a patent? 2 What is the importance of intellectual property rights in biotechnology? 3 Not all inventions are patentable. Explain. 4 What is a utility patent? 5 Patents are not always the best protection of an invention against illegal use. Explain. 6 A patent is not a “positive right”. Explain. 7 Give two specific public concerns about the development and application of biotechnology. 8 What agencies oversee the regulation of biotechnology in the USA? 9 Describe how the FDA regulates products. 10 How is regulation of biotechnology in the USA different from what obtains in the EU? 11 What are the pros and cons of labeling for the biotechnology industry? 12 Give four common sources of allergens. Discuss the importance of allergenicity in risk assessment. Part C Please write a brief essay on each of the following topics: 1 Discuss the concept of “freedom of use” in patent law. 2 List and discuss the basic steps in applying for a patent. 3 Distinguish between ethics, morals, and values. 4 In terms of ethics, what is your opinion about the development and application of biotechnology? 5 What role should the public play in the way the biotechnology industry operates? 6 Discuss the concept of substantial equivalence in risk assessment. 7 Discuss the precautionary rule and is application in risk regulation. 8 The public must view the regulating agencies of biotechnology as trustworthy. Explain why this is necessary. 9 List and discuss two common misconceptions about biotechnology. 10 No technology is without potential for adverse impacts. Explain.
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Principles of Plant Genetics and Br
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Principles of Plant Genetics and Br
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Industry highlights boxes, vii Indu
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Industry highlights boxes Chapter 1
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Industry highlights box authors Acq
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Plant breeding is an art and a scie
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The author expresses sincere gratit
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Section 1 Historical perspectives a
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4 CHAPTER 1 accomplish astonishing
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6 CHAPTER 1 modifying the crop prod
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8 CHAPTER 1 Table 1.2 Selected mile
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10 CHAPTER 1 one season. Furthermor
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12 CHAPTER 1 Figure 1 Dr Norman Bor
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14 CHAPTER 1 agrochemicals. Recent
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Section 2 General biological concep
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18 CHAPTER 2 discovered. As will be
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20 CHAPTER 2 antiquity is establish
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22 CHAPTER 2 cultivation in areas a
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24 CHAPTER 2 Table 2.1 Characterist
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26 CHAPTER 2 Table 2.2 An operation
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28 CHAPTER 2 elite germplasm or adv
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30 CHAPTER 2 identify the most prom
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32 CHAPTER 2 Research Institute (SC
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34 CHAPTER 2 Part A Please answer t
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36 CHAPTER 3 out that when plants a
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38 CHAPTER 3 Table 3.2 Number of ch
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40 CHAPTER 3 AA × aa (a) A × a Aa
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42 CHAPTER 3 (a) PP × pp Pp 100% (
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44 CHAPTER 3 AB Ab aB ab (a) Parent
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46 CHAPTER 3 lifeblood of plant bre
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48 CHAPTER 3 -A=T- 5′ 3′ 5′ 5
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50 CHAPTER 3 Expression of genetic
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52 CHAPTER 3 Enhancer region subuni
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54 CHAPTER 3 Part A Please answer t
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56 CHAPTER 4 may be capable of self
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58 CHAPTER 4 Death Seed Reproductiv
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60 CHAPTER 4 Table 4.1 Pollination
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62 CHAPTER 4 homozygous and therefo
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64 CHAPTER 4 price of hybrid seed.
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66 CHAPTER 4 (a) (b) Figure 1 (a) A
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68 CHAPTER 4 only the desired polle
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70 CHAPTER 4 used to make a self-in
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72 CHAPTER 4 Male-fertile RfRf or R
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Section 3 Germplasm issues Chapter
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76 CHAPTER 5 Kingdom Division Class
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78 CHAPTER 5 may be classified into
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80 CHAPTER 5 plant breeding. As pre
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82 CHAPTER 5 both DNA strands; and
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84 CHAPTER 5 100% 50% (a) 100% 50%
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86 CHAPTER 5 Part B Please answer t
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88 CHAPTER 6 programs is the steady
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90 CHAPTER 6 What is genetic vulner
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92 CHAPTER 6 Table 1 Conservation m
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94 CHAPTER 6 Table 3 Varieties regi
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96 CHAPTER 6 linkage maps and a new
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98 CHAPTER 6 Approaches to germplas
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100 CHAPTER 6 resources. Curators o
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102 CHAPTER 6 difficult for users t
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104 CHAPTER 6 and Agricultural Orga
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106 CHAPTER 6 Table 6.2 Germplasm h
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Section 4 Genetic analysis in plant
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110 CHAPTER 7 underlying genetic co
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112 CHAPTER 7 of genes as 1 : n : n
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114 CHAPTER 7 may be toxic in addit
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116 CHAPTER 7 any male gamete of th
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118 CHAPTER 7 B C D E A B C E A I I
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120 CHAPTER 7 heterozygous plants g
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122 CHAPTER 8 2 Absence of linkage.
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124 CHAPTER 8 Table 8.2 As the numb
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126 CHAPTER 8 pollen from a random
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128 CHAPTER 8 environmental varianc
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130 CHAPTER 8 This estimate is fair
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132 CHAPTER 8 in a decline in both
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134 CHAPTER 8 Tandem selection In t
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136 CHAPTER 8 day. This process was
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138 CHAPTER 8 Frequency (%) 40 30 2
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140 CHAPTER 8 ability, the procedur
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142 CHAPTER 8 family are evaluated,
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144 CHAPTER 8 A × B A F2 B F2 A F2
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Purpose and expected outcomes Stati
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148 CHAPTER 9 Concept of statistica
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150 CHAPTER 9 Using data in Table 9
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152 CHAPTER 9 Covariance =−2.45 C
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154 CHAPTER 9 were drawn follow the
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156 CHAPTER 9 Table 1 Summary of th
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158 CHAPTER 9 PC2 1.2 0.8 0.4 0.0 -
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160 CHAPTER 9 Label CASE 0 5 10 15
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162 CHAPTER 9 Part A Please answer
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Purpose and expected outcomes One o
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166 CHAPTER 10 developed. This is e
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168 CHAPTER 10 Application of polle
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170 CHAPTER 10 genes are so tightly
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172 CHAPTER 10 The purpose of these
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174 CHAPTER 10 Richard Novy Industr
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176 CHAPTER 10 Tubers of BC 2 gener
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178 CHAPTER 10 promote rapid pollen
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180 CHAPTER 10 3 Give three specifi
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182 CHAPTER 11 Overview of the tiss
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184 CHAPTER 11 organogenesis occurs
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186 CHAPTER 11 Products of somatic
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188 CHAPTER 11 Procedure using natu
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190 CHAPTER 11 Generation of haploi
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192 CHAPTER 11 Table 1 Estimated ga
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194 CHAPTER 11 the natural reproduc
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196 CHAPTER 11 clones with other su
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200 CHAPTER 12 genetic alteration (
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202 CHAPTER 12 G C (a) G Bu G C Fig
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204 CHAPTER 12 Table 12.2 Examples
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206 CHAPTER 12 cytological effects
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208 CHAPTER 12 Fruit quality and di
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210 CHAPTER 12 Table 1 Main descrip
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212 CHAPTER 12 undesirable side eff
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Purpose and expected outcomes Hybri
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216 CHAPTER 13 Table 13.3 Naming of
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218 CHAPTER 13 1 2 3 (a) (b) Figure
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220 CHAPTER 13 F (coefficient of in
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222 CHAPTER 13 the chromosomes of o
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224 CHAPTER 13 Microcloning of tall
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226 CHAPTER 13 Bread wheat (Triticu
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228 CHAPTER 13 1st meiotic division
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232 CHAPTER 14 called a transgenic
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234 CHAPTER 14 Gene identification
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236 CHAPTER 14 the non-destructive,
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238 CHAPTER 14 rDNA is that DNA is
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240 CHAPTER 14 Introduction Bioinfo
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242 CHAPTER 14 position or combinat
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244 CHAPTER 14 Steps in a DNA micro
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246 CHAPTER 14 sequence, and RIP co
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248 CHAPTER 14 Isozymes Enzymes are
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250 CHAPTER 14 genetic mapping. As
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252 CHAPTER 14 selection in a breed
Page 536: 254 CHAPTER 14 guidelines. There ha
Page 540: 256 CHAPTER 14 Part B Please answer
Page 544: 258 CHAPTER 15 may not be patented
Page 548: 260 CHAPTER 15 (e.g., USA) allow a
Page 552: 262 CHAPTER 15 technology (e.g., th
Page 556: 264 CHAPTER 15 information to be av
Page 560: 266 CHAPTER 15 Service (USDA-APHIS)
Page 564: 268 CHAPTER 15 that the agencies ty
Page 568: 270 CHAPTER 15 Inspection Service (
Page 572: 272 CHAPTER 15 Concept of substanti
Page 576: 274 CHAPTER 15 One factor in boosti
Page 580: 276 CHAPTER 15 Public perceptions a
Page 584: 278 CHAPTER 15 2 The transfer of pr
Page 590: Section 6 Classic methods of plant
Page 594: Open-pollinated cultivars Contrary
Page 598: Common plant breeding notations Pla
Page 602: (a) Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 (b) Source
Page 606: 2 Cultivars developed for a discrim
Page 610: especially where readily identifiab
Page 614: Comments 1 Growing parents, making
Page 618: Comments Generation Year 1 P 1 × P
Page 622: 3 Natural selection may increase fr
Page 626: 5 Every plant originates from a dif
Page 630: 1 year BREEDING SELF-POLLINATED SPE
Page 634: BREEDING SELF-POLLINATED SPECIES 30
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Year 1 Year 2 F 1 Year 3 Year 4 Yea
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2 Extensive advanced testing is not
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Applications One of the earliest ap
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species (maize) and has been a majo
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Purpose and expected outcomes As pr
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epistatic interactions enhance the
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Season 1 Source population C 0 Seas
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Procedure: cycle 1 This is the same
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Advantages and disadvantages The ma
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(a) (b) Figure 1 Examples of (a) Po
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Figure 3 Range of seed development
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Applications The scheme has been us
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stems from several biological facto
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Factors affecting the performance o
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7 Give a specific disadvantage of m
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Other notable advances in the breed
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BREEDING HYBRID CULTIVARS 337 ducin
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BREEDING HYBRID CULTIVARS 339 for c
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of interest. As Falconer indicated,
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patterns derived from the same open
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(a) (b) Seed parent (male-sterile)
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Table 18.1 Calculating heat units a
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such as sugarcane (most commercial
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Section 7 Selected breeding objecti
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water utilization, photoperiod, har
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expense of the rest of the plant. N
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usually results from one component
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Figure 3 Field trials demonstrating
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References Concept of yield plateau
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Shatter-sensitive cultivars are sus
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Nature, types, and economic importa
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Purpose and expected outcomes Plant
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elative to a benchmark. A genotype
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Types of genetic resistance The com
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General considerations for breeding
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for most middling resistance. It sh
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pathogen to give resistance), was c
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BREEDING FOR RESISTANCE TO DISEASES
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BREEDING FOR RESISTANCE TO DISEASES
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5 The plant or cell overproduces th
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Purpose and expected outcomes Clima
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ultimately its productivity and eco
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Breeding for drought resistance Dro
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drought. Consequently, phenotypic s
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BREEDING FOR RESISTANCE TO ABIOTIC
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More N partitioned to leaves before
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interruption in normal germination,
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Table 21.1 Relative salt tolerance
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toxicities of economic importance t
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Acevedo, E., and E. Fereres. 1993.
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Table 22.1 Essential amino acids th
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BREEDING COMPOSITIONAL TRAITS AND A
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Figure 1 Farmer (left) and research
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the presence of β-carotene, but no
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and cell walls are degraded. There
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milling, extraction of oil, starch
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Section 8 Cultivar release and comm
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in two stages. The first stage, cal
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genotype is reduced. This raises th
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Different models of ANOVA are used
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Table 23.2 Stability analysis. PERF
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PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FOR CROP CUL
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esources available (land, seed, lab
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Advantages 1 It is the simplest of
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Mapping populations have additional
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Purpose and expected outcomes The u
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Funk Columbiana Farm Seed Germain
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Joe W. Burton SEED CERTIFICATION AN
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Registered seed Registered seed is
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Canada’s Plant Breeders’ Rights
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Seed certification process There ar
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Table 24.1 Information on a seed ta
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Boswell, V.R. 1961. The importance
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property is a major one in plant br
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important issues to be considered i
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Soybean Soybean research is conduct
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INTERNATIONAL PLANT BREEDING EFFORT
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Selected accomplishments The impact
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national entities. More importantly
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Cicarelli contest that most farmers
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EMERGING CONCEPTS IN PLANT BREEDING
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EMERGING CONCEPTS IN PLANT BREEDING
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Principles of organic plant breedin
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Part II Breeding selected crops Cha
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Adaptation Wheat is best adapted to
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are less successful, being of poor
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Introduction BREEDING WHEAT 477 Ind
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Host plant resistance to disease an
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Greenhouse nursery Breeders may use
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when the production area is isolate
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Taxonomy Kingdom Plantae Subkingdom
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encloses the soft starch at the cen
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Designated ms 1 , ms 2 ,...ms n , o
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F. J. Betrán Texas A&M University,
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Development of hybrids BREEDING COR
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chambers may be used for experiment
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orer. A chemical found in corn with
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A British sea captain brought rice
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while awnless is conditioned by an
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Figure 1 Rice panicle being prepare
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Figure 5 A foundation seed field of
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emoved with forceps, the cut may be
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green midrib because of the presenc
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BREEDING SORGHUM 513 Kansas State U
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Summer Year 5 Summer Year 7 Summer
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covered with the bag. Pollination s
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and brown being dominant over gray.
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BREEDING SOYBEAN 523 easily selecte
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BREEDING SOYBEAN 525 An advantage o
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Common breeding objectives 1 Grain
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Program objectives Charles Simpson
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BREEDING PEANUT 533 lines in hopes
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for emasculation, which is done in
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Evolution of the modern potato crop
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BREEDING POTATO 541 Table 1 The Sco
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(berries) called potato balls. The
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6 Potato tuber quality improvement.
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grown in America, Africa, Asia, and
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Introduction Don L. Keim BREEDING C
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BREEDING COTTON 551 are grown in tr
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economically important traits has b
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Part B Please answer the following
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Central dogma: The underlying model
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Mitosis: The process of nuclear div
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Chapter 1 http://www.foodfirst.org/
Page 1154:
Imperial unit Metric conversion Vol
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complex inheritance, 42 composite c
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minor gene resistance, 371 minor ge
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technology protection system (TPS),
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