Principles of Plant Genetics and Breeding

More documents

Recommendations

Info

198 CHAPTER 11 Part A Please answer the following questions true or false: Outcomes assessment 1 MS medium was developed by Morris and Stevenson. 2 Agar is used as a gelling agent in tissue culture. 3 A protoplast is all the cellular component of a cell plus the cell wall. 4 An auxin : cytokinin ratio in favor of auxin promotes rooting. 5 Propagation by cuttings is a form of clonal propagation. 6 Diplospory is the most common mechanism of apomixis in higher plants. 7 Facultative apomicts reproduce exclusively by apomixis. 8 Pathogenesis is equivalent to haploidy. Part B Please answer the following questions: 1 The part of the plant used to start tissue culture is called the …………………….. 2 The MS tissue culture medium is named after ……………… and ………………. 3 A mass of undifferentiated cells such as meristematic cells is called ……………......... 4 What is clonal propagation? 5 What is apomixis? 6 Distinguish between apospory and displospory as mechanisms of apomixis. 7 Species that reproduce exclusively (or nearly so) by apomixis are described as ………………………….. 8 Give a specific advantage of clonal propagation. Part C Please write a brief essay on each of the following topics: 1 Why is it possible (at least theoretically) to raise a full plant, or for that matter any organism, from just one of its own cells? 2 All cells are not totipotent. Explain. 3 What is the importance of a callus phase in plant tissue culture research? 4 Discuss the rationale for the composition of a tissue culture medium. 5 Describe the in vitro production of hybrids. 6 Discuss practical applications of tissue culture in plant breeding. 7 Discuss the key breeding implications of clonal propagation. 8 Discuss the benefits of apomictic cultivars in crop production. 9 Apomixis can be a two-edged sword in plant breeding. Explain. 10 Discuss the occurrence of apomixis in nature.
Page 2:
Principles of Plant Genetics and Br
Page 6:
Principles of Plant Genetics and Br
Page 10:
Industry highlights boxes, vii Indu
Page 14:
Industry highlights boxes Chapter 1
Page 18:
Industry highlights box authors Acq
Page 22:
Plant breeding is an art and a scie
Page 26:
The author expresses sincere gratit
Page 32:
Section 1 Historical perspectives a
Page 36:
4 CHAPTER 1 accomplish astonishing
Page 40:
6 CHAPTER 1 modifying the crop prod
Page 44:
8 CHAPTER 1 Table 1.2 Selected mile
Page 48:
10 CHAPTER 1 one season. Furthermor
Page 52:
12 CHAPTER 1 Figure 1 Dr Norman Bor
Page 56:
14 CHAPTER 1 agrochemicals. Recent
Page 60:
Section 2 General biological concep
Page 64:
18 CHAPTER 2 discovered. As will be
Page 68:
20 CHAPTER 2 antiquity is establish
Page 72:
22 CHAPTER 2 cultivation in areas a
Page 76:
24 CHAPTER 2 Table 2.1 Characterist
Page 80:
26 CHAPTER 2 Table 2.2 An operation
Page 84:
28 CHAPTER 2 elite germplasm or adv
Page 88:
30 CHAPTER 2 identify the most prom
Page 92:
32 CHAPTER 2 Research Institute (SC
Page 96:
34 CHAPTER 2 Part A Please answer t
Page 100:
36 CHAPTER 3 out that when plants a
Page 104:
38 CHAPTER 3 Table 3.2 Number of ch
Page 108:
40 CHAPTER 3 AA × aa (a) A × a Aa
Page 112:
42 CHAPTER 3 (a) PP × pp Pp 100% (
Page 116:
44 CHAPTER 3 AB Ab aB ab (a) Parent
Page 120:
46 CHAPTER 3 lifeblood of plant bre
Page 124:
48 CHAPTER 3 -A=T- 5′ 3′ 5′ 5
Page 128:
50 CHAPTER 3 Expression of genetic
Page 132:
52 CHAPTER 3 Enhancer region subuni
Page 136:
54 CHAPTER 3 Part A Please answer t
Page 140:
56 CHAPTER 4 may be capable of self
Page 144:
58 CHAPTER 4 Death Seed Reproductiv
Page 148:
60 CHAPTER 4 Table 4.1 Pollination
Page 152:
62 CHAPTER 4 homozygous and therefo
Page 156:
64 CHAPTER 4 price of hybrid seed.
Page 160:
66 CHAPTER 4 (a) (b) Figure 1 (a) A
Page 164:
68 CHAPTER 4 only the desired polle
Page 168:
70 CHAPTER 4 used to make a self-in
Page 172:
72 CHAPTER 4 Male-fertile RfRf or R
Page 176:
Section 3 Germplasm issues Chapter
Page 180:
76 CHAPTER 5 Kingdom Division Class
Page 184:
78 CHAPTER 5 may be classified into
Page 188:
80 CHAPTER 5 plant breeding. As pre
Page 192:
82 CHAPTER 5 both DNA strands; and
Page 196:
84 CHAPTER 5 100% 50% (a) 100% 50%
Page 200:
86 CHAPTER 5 Part B Please answer t
Page 204:
88 CHAPTER 6 programs is the steady
Page 208:
90 CHAPTER 6 What is genetic vulner
Page 212:
92 CHAPTER 6 Table 1 Conservation m
Page 216:
94 CHAPTER 6 Table 3 Varieties regi
Page 220:
96 CHAPTER 6 linkage maps and a new
Page 224:
98 CHAPTER 6 Approaches to germplas
Page 228:
100 CHAPTER 6 resources. Curators o
Page 232:
102 CHAPTER 6 difficult for users t
Page 236:
104 CHAPTER 6 and Agricultural Orga
Page 240:
106 CHAPTER 6 Table 6.2 Germplasm h
Page 244:
Section 4 Genetic analysis in plant
Page 248:
110 CHAPTER 7 underlying genetic co
Page 252:
112 CHAPTER 7 of genes as 1 : n : n
Page 256:
114 CHAPTER 7 may be toxic in addit
Page 260:
116 CHAPTER 7 any male gamete of th
Page 264:
118 CHAPTER 7 B C D E A B C E A I I
Page 268:
120 CHAPTER 7 heterozygous plants g
Page 272:
122 CHAPTER 8 2 Absence of linkage.
Page 276:
124 CHAPTER 8 Table 8.2 As the numb
Page 280:
126 CHAPTER 8 pollen from a random
Page 284:
128 CHAPTER 8 environmental varianc
Page 288:
130 CHAPTER 8 This estimate is fair
Page 292:
132 CHAPTER 8 in a decline in both
Page 296:
134 CHAPTER 8 Tandem selection In t
Page 300:
136 CHAPTER 8 day. This process was
Page 304:
138 CHAPTER 8 Frequency (%) 40 30 2
Page 308:
140 CHAPTER 8 ability, the procedur
Page 312:
142 CHAPTER 8 family are evaluated,
Page 316:
144 CHAPTER 8 A × B A F2 B F2 A F2
Page 320:
Purpose and expected outcomes Stati
Page 324:
148 CHAPTER 9 Concept of statistica
Page 328:
150 CHAPTER 9 Using data in Table 9
Page 332:
152 CHAPTER 9 Covariance =−2.45 C
Page 336:
154 CHAPTER 9 were drawn follow the
Page 340:
156 CHAPTER 9 Table 1 Summary of th
Page 344:
158 CHAPTER 9 PC2 1.2 0.8 0.4 0.0 -
Page 348:
160 CHAPTER 9 Label CASE 0 5 10 15
Page 352:
162 CHAPTER 9 Part A Please answer
Page 356:
Purpose and expected outcomes One o
Page 360:
166 CHAPTER 10 developed. This is e
Page 364:
168 CHAPTER 10 Application of polle
Page 368:
170 CHAPTER 10 genes are so tightly
Page 372: 172 CHAPTER 10 The purpose of these
Page 376: 174 CHAPTER 10 Richard Novy Industr
Page 380: 176 CHAPTER 10 Tubers of BC 2 gener
Page 384: 178 CHAPTER 10 promote rapid pollen
Page 388: 180 CHAPTER 10 3 Give three specifi
Page 392: 182 CHAPTER 11 Overview of the tiss
Page 396: 184 CHAPTER 11 organogenesis occurs
Page 400: 186 CHAPTER 11 Products of somatic
Page 404: 188 CHAPTER 11 Procedure using natu
Page 408: 190 CHAPTER 11 Generation of haploi
Page 412: 192 CHAPTER 11 Table 1 Estimated ga
Page 416: 194 CHAPTER 11 the natural reproduc
Page 420: 196 CHAPTER 11 clones with other su
Page 426: Purpose and expected outcomes It wa
Page 430: the same plant. However, the dual c
Page 434: 1 The ends of the segment may be di
Page 438: mutagen frequency is desired, the e
Page 442: Introduction F. Laurens MUTAGENESIS
Page 446: Climatic adaptation MUTAGENESIS IN
Page 450: MUTAGENESIS IN PLANT BREEDING 211 K
Page 454: Part A Please answer the following
Page 458: Triticum monococcum (2n = 2x = 14)
Page 462: (a) (b) A B A B a b a b A B A B a b
Page 466: Table 13.4 Genetics of autoploids.
Page 470: of sterility because of the odd chr
Page 474:
(a) (b) (c) Figure 1 (a) Germinated
Page 478:
Figure 2 In vitro regenerated plant
Page 482:
(AABBDDRR, 2n = 8x = 56), but it re
Page 486:
(in alloploids) or homologous (in a
Page 490:
Purpose and expected outcomes Genes
Page 494:
and expression (including codon usa
Page 498:
1 Efficient plant regeneration syst
Page 502:
Structural defect in the gene const
Page 506:
sequence analysis. It is an applica
Page 510:
Analysis BIOTECHNOLOGY IN PLANT BRE
Page 514:
BIOTECHNOLOGY IN PLANT BREEDING 243
Page 518:
of genes of known functions. Three
Page 522:
source of the gene is a wild germpl
Page 526:
ands for identification may minimiz
Page 530:
location, genetic effects, and the
Page 534:
3 Germplasm evaluation. Markers can
Page 538:
Engineering pest resistance To date
Page 542:
Purpose and expected outcomes Intel
Page 546:
the key functions of a patent is to
Page 550:
The development of truly new and un
Page 554:
Ethics in plant breeding Manipulati
Page 558:
Introduction ISSUES IN THE APPLICAT
Page 562:
ISSUES IN THE APPLICATION OF BIOTEC
Page 566:
Overview of the regulation of the U
Page 570:
Table 15.2 Some viral-coated protei
Page 574:
conditions. Further, these phenotyp
Page 578:
there is no inherent health risk in
Page 582:
esistance concerns (or “collatera
Page 586:
Damage to economic interest (market
Page 590:
Section 6 Classic methods of plant
Page 594:
Open-pollinated cultivars Contrary
Page 598:
Common plant breeding notations Pla
Page 602:
(a) Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 (b) Source
Page 606:
2 Cultivars developed for a discrim
Page 610:
especially where readily identifiab
Page 614:
Comments 1 Growing parents, making
Page 618:
Comments Generation Year 1 P 1 × P
Page 622:
3 Natural selection may increase fr
Page 626:
5 Every plant originates from a dif
Page 630:
1 year BREEDING SELF-POLLINATED SPE
Page 634:
BREEDING SELF-POLLINATED SPECIES 30
Page 638:
Year 1 Year 2 F 1 Year 3 Year 4 Yea
Page 642:
2 Extensive advanced testing is not
Page 646:
Applications One of the earliest ap
Page 650:
species (maize) and has been a majo
Page 654:
Purpose and expected outcomes As pr
Page 658:
epistatic interactions enhance the
Page 662:
Season 1 Source population C 0 Seas
Page 666:
Procedure: cycle 1 This is the same
Page 670:
Advantages and disadvantages The ma
Page 674:
(a) (b) Figure 1 Examples of (a) Po
Page 678:
Figure 3 Range of seed development
Page 682:
Applications The scheme has been us
Page 686:
stems from several biological facto
Page 690:
Factors affecting the performance o
Page 694:
7 Give a specific disadvantage of m
Page 698:
Other notable advances in the breed
Page 702:
BREEDING HYBRID CULTIVARS 337 ducin
Page 706:
BREEDING HYBRID CULTIVARS 339 for c
Page 710:
of interest. As Falconer indicated,
Page 714:
patterns derived from the same open
Page 718:
(a) (b) Seed parent (male-sterile)
Page 722:
Table 18.1 Calculating heat units a
Page 726:
such as sugarcane (most commercial
Page 730:
Section 7 Selected breeding objecti
Page 734:
water utilization, photoperiod, har
Page 738:
expense of the rest of the plant. N
Page 742:
usually results from one component
Page 746:
Figure 3 Field trials demonstrating
Page 750:
References Concept of yield plateau
Page 754:
Shatter-sensitive cultivars are sus
Page 758:
Nature, types, and economic importa
Page 762:
Purpose and expected outcomes Plant
Page 766:
elative to a benchmark. A genotype
Page 770:
Types of genetic resistance The com
Page 774:
General considerations for breeding
Page 778:
for most middling resistance. It sh
Page 782:
pathogen to give resistance), was c
Page 786:
BREEDING FOR RESISTANCE TO DISEASES
Page 790:
BREEDING FOR RESISTANCE TO DISEASES
Page 794:
5 The plant or cell overproduces th
Page 798:
Purpose and expected outcomes Clima
Page 802:
ultimately its productivity and eco
Page 806:
Breeding for drought resistance Dro
Page 810:
drought. Consequently, phenotypic s
Page 814:
BREEDING FOR RESISTANCE TO ABIOTIC
Page 818:
More N partitioned to leaves before
Page 822:
interruption in normal germination,
Page 826:
Table 21.1 Relative salt tolerance
Page 830:
toxicities of economic importance t
Page 834:
Acevedo, E., and E. Fereres. 1993.
Page 838:
Table 22.1 Essential amino acids th
Page 842:
BREEDING COMPOSITIONAL TRAITS AND A
Page 846:
Figure 1 Farmer (left) and research
Page 850:
the presence of β-carotene, but no
Page 854:
and cell walls are degraded. There
Page 858:
milling, extraction of oil, starch
Page 862:
Section 8 Cultivar release and comm
Page 866:
in two stages. The first stage, cal
Page 870:
genotype is reduced. This raises th
Page 874:
Different models of ANOVA are used
Page 878:
Table 23.2 Stability analysis. PERF
Page 882:
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FOR CROP CUL
Page 886:
esources available (land, seed, lab
Page 890:
Advantages 1 It is the simplest of
Page 894:
Mapping populations have additional
Page 898:
Purpose and expected outcomes The u
Page 902:
Funk Columbiana Farm Seed Germain
Page 906:
Joe W. Burton SEED CERTIFICATION AN
Page 910:
Registered seed Registered seed is
Page 914:
Canada’s Plant Breeders’ Rights
Page 918:
Seed certification process There ar
Page 922:
Table 24.1 Information on a seed ta
Page 926:
Boswell, V.R. 1961. The importance
Page 930:
property is a major one in plant br
Page 934:
important issues to be considered i
Page 938:
Soybean Soybean research is conduct
Page 942:
INTERNATIONAL PLANT BREEDING EFFORT
Page 946:
Selected accomplishments The impact
Page 950:
national entities. More importantly
Page 954:
Cicarelli contest that most farmers
Page 958:
EMERGING CONCEPTS IN PLANT BREEDING
Page 962:
EMERGING CONCEPTS IN PLANT BREEDING
Page 966:
Principles of organic plant breedin
Page 970:
Part II Breeding selected crops Cha
Page 974:
Adaptation Wheat is best adapted to
Page 978:
are less successful, being of poor
Page 982:
Introduction BREEDING WHEAT 477 Ind
Page 986:
Host plant resistance to disease an
Page 990:
Greenhouse nursery Breeders may use
Page 994:
when the production area is isolate
Page 998:
Taxonomy Kingdom Plantae Subkingdom
Page 1002:
encloses the soft starch at the cen
Page 1006:
Designated ms 1 , ms 2 ,...ms n , o
Page 1010:
F. J. Betrán Texas A&M University,
Page 1014:
Development of hybrids BREEDING COR
Page 1018:
chambers may be used for experiment
Page 1022:
orer. A chemical found in corn with
Page 1026:
A British sea captain brought rice
Page 1030:
while awnless is conditioned by an
Page 1034:
Figure 1 Rice panicle being prepare
Page 1038:
Figure 5 A foundation seed field of
Page 1042:
emoved with forceps, the cut may be
Page 1046:
Page 1050:
green midrib because of the presenc
Page 1054:
BREEDING SORGHUM 513 Kansas State U
Page 1058:
Summer Year 5 Summer Year 7 Summer
Page 1062:
covered with the bag. Pollination s
Page 1066:
Page 1070:
and brown being dominant over gray.
Page 1074:
BREEDING SOYBEAN 523 easily selecte
Page 1078:
BREEDING SOYBEAN 525 An advantage o
Page 1082:
Common breeding objectives 1 Grain
Page 1086:
Page 1090:
Program objectives Charles Simpson
Page 1094:
BREEDING PEANUT 533 lines in hopes
Page 1098:
for emasculation, which is done in
Page 1102:
Page 1106:
Evolution of the modern potato crop
Page 1110:
BREEDING POTATO 541 Table 1 The Sco
Page 1114:
(berries) called potato balls. The
Page 1118:
6 Potato tuber quality improvement.
Page 1122:
grown in America, Africa, Asia, and
Page 1126:
Introduction Don L. Keim BREEDING C
Page 1130:
BREEDING COTTON 551 are grown in tr
Page 1134:
economically important traits has b
Page 1138:
Part B Please answer the following
Page 1142:
Central dogma: The underlying model
Page 1146:
Mitosis: The process of nuclear div
Page 1150:
Chapter 1 http://www.foodfirst.org/
Page 1154:
Imperial unit Metric conversion Vol
Page 1158:
complex inheritance, 42 composite c
Page 1162:
minor gene resistance, 371 minor ge
Page 1166:
technology protection system (TPS),
show all

Principles of Plant Genetics and Breeding

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?