Principles of Plant Genetics and Breeding

More documents

Recommendations

Info

54 CHAPTER 3 Part A Please answer the following questions true or false: Outcomes assessment 1 A whole organism can be raised by nurturing a single cell. 2 The diploid chromosome number has half the number of chromosomes in the gametic cell. 3 Mitosis produces identical daughter cells. 4 A heterozygote has identical alleles of a gene at the locus. 5 Thymine occurs in DNA but not in RNA. Part B Please answer the following questions: 1 The four nucleic acids of DNA are …………., ……………., ……………, and …………. . 2 Distinguish between DNA and RNA molecules. 3 Discuss the levels of organization of eukaryotes. 4 In plants DNA occur in the nucleus, ……………, and …………….. . 5 A nucleic acid consists of a base, ……………, and ………………… . 6 Define epistasis. 7 What is an mRNA? 8 Give the three basic types of tissue and distinguish among them. Part C Please write a brief essay on each of the following topics: 1 Discuss the laws of Mendel. 2 Discuss the use of a testcross in plant breeding. 3 Discuss genetic linkage and its importance in plant breeding. 4 Distinguish between the phenomenon of variable gene penetrance and variable gene expressivity. 5 Discuss the regulation of gene expression.
Page 2:
Principles of Plant Genetics and Br
Page 6:
Principles of Plant Genetics and Br
Page 10:
Industry highlights boxes, vii Indu
Page 14:
Industry highlights boxes Chapter 1
Page 18:
Industry highlights box authors Acq
Page 22:
Plant breeding is an art and a scie
Page 26:
The author expresses sincere gratit
Page 32:
Section 1 Historical perspectives a
Page 36:
4 CHAPTER 1 accomplish astonishing
Page 40:
6 CHAPTER 1 modifying the crop prod
Page 44:
8 CHAPTER 1 Table 1.2 Selected mile
Page 48:
10 CHAPTER 1 one season. Furthermor
Page 52:
12 CHAPTER 1 Figure 1 Dr Norman Bor
Page 56:
14 CHAPTER 1 agrochemicals. Recent
Page 60:
Section 2 General biological concep
Page 64:
18 CHAPTER 2 discovered. As will be
Page 68:
20 CHAPTER 2 antiquity is establish
Page 72:
22 CHAPTER 2 cultivation in areas a
Page 76:
24 CHAPTER 2 Table 2.1 Characterist
Page 80:
26 CHAPTER 2 Table 2.2 An operation
Page 84: 28 CHAPTER 2 elite germplasm or adv
Page 88: 30 CHAPTER 2 identify the most prom
Page 92: 32 CHAPTER 2 Research Institute (SC
Page 96: 34 CHAPTER 2 Part A Please answer t
Page 100: 36 CHAPTER 3 out that when plants a
Page 104: 38 CHAPTER 3 Table 3.2 Number of ch
Page 108: 40 CHAPTER 3 AA × aa (a) A × a Aa
Page 112: 42 CHAPTER 3 (a) PP × pp Pp 100% (
Page 116: 44 CHAPTER 3 AB Ab aB ab (a) Parent
Page 120: 46 CHAPTER 3 lifeblood of plant bre
Page 124: 48 CHAPTER 3 -A=T- 5′ 3′ 5′ 5
Page 128: 50 CHAPTER 3 Expression of genetic
Page 132: 52 CHAPTER 3 Enhancer region subuni
Page 138: Purpose and expected outcomes Repro
Page 142: Zygote influenced by the duration o
Page 146: tobacco). However if a flower lacks
Page 150: of all gene loci and traits of the
Page 154: Apomixis Seed production in higher
Page 158: Potential pathways for apomixis gen
Page 162: (a) (b) PLANT REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS
Page 166: Stigma Pin flower Thrum flower Figu
Page 170: True male sterility There are three
Page 174: Kiesselbach, T.A. 1999. The structu
Page 178: Purpose and expected outcomes Biolo
Page 182: 3 Frequently, the scientist who fir
Page 186:
Types of variation among plants As
Page 190:
It should be pointed out that recom
Page 194:
The Ac element has an open reading
Page 198:
Short short short plants Short shor
Page 202:
Purpose and expected outcomes As pr
Page 206:
crossing involving parents from wit
Page 210:
PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES FOR PLANT B
Page 214:
(a) Hybrids with GP3 Anomalous, let
Page 218:
What plant breeders can do to addre
Page 222:
into wild habitats by livestock far
Page 226:
ackup collections, active collectio
Page 230:
elow a certain predetermined level,
Page 234:
located in developing countries, wh
Page 238:
and the Animal and Plant Health Ins
Page 242:
Astley, D. 1987. Genetic resource c
Page 246:
Purpose and expected outcomes Plant
Page 250:
Aa, and 51 will be aa. Using the pr
Page 254:
Disequilibrium 1 0.5 0 0 c = 0.5 Fi
Page 258:
germplasm collection and maintenanc
Page 262:
Differential fitness is a factor th
Page 266:
individual through one parent back
Page 270:
Purpose and expected outcomes Most
Page 274:
Polygenes and polygenic inheritance
Page 278:
of the trait of interest determines
Page 282:
variation that the primary genetic
Page 286:
may also be reported as a percentag
Page 290:
will be advanced, and will conseque
Page 294:
Frequency Frequency µ µ s Phenoty
Page 298:
Selection using a restricted index
Page 302:
INTRODUCTION TO QUANTITATIVE GENETI
Page 306:
Explicit indices are laborious, req
Page 310:
This is done for each combination a
Page 314:
A B C Males (a) Conceptual Paired r
Page 318:
Falconer, D.S., and T.F.C. Mackay.
Page 322:
averages, to the more complex multi
Page 326:
andomization. The blocks should be
Page 330:
Coefficient of variation The coeffi
Page 334:
By plugging values for X i , corres
Page 338:
Multivariate statistics in plant br
Page 342:
PC3 (15.8%) PC2 (30.72%) 0.10 0.05
Page 346:
Canonical function II 0.8 0.6 0.4 0
Page 350:
Discriminant function analysis Disc
Page 354:
Section 5 Tools in plant breeding C
Page 358:
Applications of crossing in plant b
Page 362:
emasculation is not a universal req
Page 366:
However, in other crosses, the F 2
Page 370:
Single cross A × B AB Proportion A
Page 374:
3 Creation of new alloploids. Wide
Page 378:
SEXUAL HYBRIDIZATION AND WIDE CROSS
Page 382:
SEXUAL HYBRIDIZATION AND WIDE CROSS
Page 386:
R. C. Buckner and his colleagues su
Page 390:
Purpose and expected outcomes The c
Page 394:
TISSUE CULTURE AND THE BREEDING OF
Page 398:
previously described. Sometimes, to
Page 402:
fraction of androgenic grains devel
Page 406:
Introduction Sergey Chalyk TISSUE C
Page 410:
Page 414:
Page 418:
only be maintained by vegetative pr
Page 422:
Sexually reproductive Apomict New c
Page 426:
Purpose and expected outcomes It wa
Page 430:
the same plant. However, the dual c
Page 434:
1 The ends of the segment may be di
Page 438:
mutagen frequency is desired, the e
Page 442:
Introduction F. Laurens MUTAGENESIS
Page 446:
Climatic adaptation MUTAGENESIS IN
Page 450:
MUTAGENESIS IN PLANT BREEDING 211 K
Page 454:
Part A Please answer the following
Page 458:
Triticum monococcum (2n = 2x = 14)
Page 462:
(a) (b) A B A B a b a b A B A B a b
Page 466:
Table 13.4 Genetics of autoploids.
Page 470:
of sterility because of the odd chr
Page 474:
(a) (b) (c) Figure 1 (a) Germinated
Page 478:
Figure 2 In vitro regenerated plant
Page 482:
(AABBDDRR, 2n = 8x = 56), but it re
Page 486:
(in alloploids) or homologous (in a
Page 490:
Purpose and expected outcomes Genes
Page 494:
and expression (including codon usa
Page 498:
1 Efficient plant regeneration syst
Page 502:
Structural defect in the gene const
Page 506:
sequence analysis. It is an applica
Page 510:
Analysis BIOTECHNOLOGY IN PLANT BRE
Page 514:
BIOTECHNOLOGY IN PLANT BREEDING 243
Page 518:
of genes of known functions. Three
Page 522:
source of the gene is a wild germpl
Page 526:
ands for identification may minimiz
Page 530:
location, genetic effects, and the
Page 534:
3 Germplasm evaluation. Markers can
Page 538:
Engineering pest resistance To date
Page 542:
Purpose and expected outcomes Intel
Page 546:
the key functions of a patent is to
Page 550:
The development of truly new and un
Page 554:
Ethics in plant breeding Manipulati
Page 558:
Introduction ISSUES IN THE APPLICAT
Page 562:
ISSUES IN THE APPLICATION OF BIOTEC
Page 566:
Overview of the regulation of the U
Page 570:
Table 15.2 Some viral-coated protei
Page 574:
conditions. Further, these phenotyp
Page 578:
there is no inherent health risk in
Page 582:
esistance concerns (or “collatera
Page 586:
Damage to economic interest (market
Page 590:
Section 6 Classic methods of plant
Page 594:
Open-pollinated cultivars Contrary
Page 598:
Common plant breeding notations Pla
Page 602:
(a) Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 (b) Source
Page 606:
2 Cultivars developed for a discrim
Page 610:
especially where readily identifiab
Page 614:
Comments 1 Growing parents, making
Page 618:
Comments Generation Year 1 P 1 × P
Page 622:
3 Natural selection may increase fr
Page 626:
5 Every plant originates from a dif
Page 630:
1 year BREEDING SELF-POLLINATED SPE
Page 634:
BREEDING SELF-POLLINATED SPECIES 30
Page 638:
Year 1 Year 2 F 1 Year 3 Year 4 Yea
Page 642:
2 Extensive advanced testing is not
Page 646:
Applications One of the earliest ap
Page 650:
species (maize) and has been a majo
Page 654:
Purpose and expected outcomes As pr
Page 658:
epistatic interactions enhance the
Page 662:
Season 1 Source population C 0 Seas
Page 666:
Procedure: cycle 1 This is the same
Page 670:
Advantages and disadvantages The ma
Page 674:
(a) (b) Figure 1 Examples of (a) Po
Page 678:
Figure 3 Range of seed development
Page 682:
Applications The scheme has been us
Page 686:
stems from several biological facto
Page 690:
Factors affecting the performance o
Page 694:
7 Give a specific disadvantage of m
Page 698:
Other notable advances in the breed
Page 702:
BREEDING HYBRID CULTIVARS 337 ducin
Page 706:
BREEDING HYBRID CULTIVARS 339 for c
Page 710:
of interest. As Falconer indicated,
Page 714:
patterns derived from the same open
Page 718:
(a) (b) Seed parent (male-sterile)
Page 722:
Table 18.1 Calculating heat units a
Page 726:
such as sugarcane (most commercial
Page 730:
Section 7 Selected breeding objecti
Page 734:
water utilization, photoperiod, har
Page 738:
expense of the rest of the plant. N
Page 742:
usually results from one component
Page 746:
Figure 3 Field trials demonstrating
Page 750:
References Concept of yield plateau
Page 754:
Shatter-sensitive cultivars are sus
Page 758:
Nature, types, and economic importa
Page 762:
Purpose and expected outcomes Plant
Page 766:
elative to a benchmark. A genotype
Page 770:
Types of genetic resistance The com
Page 774:
General considerations for breeding
Page 778:
for most middling resistance. It sh
Page 782:
pathogen to give resistance), was c
Page 786:
BREEDING FOR RESISTANCE TO DISEASES
Page 790:
BREEDING FOR RESISTANCE TO DISEASES
Page 794:
5 The plant or cell overproduces th
Page 798:
Purpose and expected outcomes Clima
Page 802:
ultimately its productivity and eco
Page 806:
Breeding for drought resistance Dro
Page 810:
drought. Consequently, phenotypic s
Page 814:
BREEDING FOR RESISTANCE TO ABIOTIC
Page 818:
More N partitioned to leaves before
Page 822:
interruption in normal germination,
Page 826:
Table 21.1 Relative salt tolerance
Page 830:
toxicities of economic importance t
Page 834:
Acevedo, E., and E. Fereres. 1993.
Page 838:
Table 22.1 Essential amino acids th
Page 842:
BREEDING COMPOSITIONAL TRAITS AND A
Page 846:
Figure 1 Farmer (left) and research
Page 850:
the presence of β-carotene, but no
Page 854:
and cell walls are degraded. There
Page 858:
milling, extraction of oil, starch
Page 862:
Section 8 Cultivar release and comm
Page 866:
in two stages. The first stage, cal
Page 870:
genotype is reduced. This raises th
Page 874:
Different models of ANOVA are used
Page 878:
Table 23.2 Stability analysis. PERF
Page 882:
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION FOR CROP CUL
Page 886:
esources available (land, seed, lab
Page 890:
Advantages 1 It is the simplest of
Page 894:
Mapping populations have additional
Page 898:
Purpose and expected outcomes The u
Page 902:
Funk Columbiana Farm Seed Germain
Page 906:
Joe W. Burton SEED CERTIFICATION AN
Page 910:
Registered seed Registered seed is
Page 914:
Canada’s Plant Breeders’ Rights
Page 918:
Seed certification process There ar
Page 922:
Table 24.1 Information on a seed ta
Page 926:
Boswell, V.R. 1961. The importance
Page 930:
property is a major one in plant br
Page 934:
important issues to be considered i
Page 938:
Soybean Soybean research is conduct
Page 942:
INTERNATIONAL PLANT BREEDING EFFORT
Page 946:
Selected accomplishments The impact
Page 950:
national entities. More importantly
Page 954:
Cicarelli contest that most farmers
Page 958:
EMERGING CONCEPTS IN PLANT BREEDING
Page 962:
EMERGING CONCEPTS IN PLANT BREEDING
Page 966:
Principles of organic plant breedin
Page 970:
Part II Breeding selected crops Cha
Page 974:
Adaptation Wheat is best adapted to
Page 978:
are less successful, being of poor
Page 982:
Introduction BREEDING WHEAT 477 Ind
Page 986:
Host plant resistance to disease an
Page 990:
Greenhouse nursery Breeders may use
Page 994:
when the production area is isolate
Page 998:
Taxonomy Kingdom Plantae Subkingdom
Page 1002:
encloses the soft starch at the cen
Page 1006:
Designated ms 1 , ms 2 ,...ms n , o
Page 1010:
F. J. Betrán Texas A&M University,
Page 1014:
Development of hybrids BREEDING COR
Page 1018:
chambers may be used for experiment
Page 1022:
orer. A chemical found in corn with
Page 1026:
A British sea captain brought rice
Page 1030:
while awnless is conditioned by an
Page 1034:
Figure 1 Rice panicle being prepare
Page 1038:
Figure 5 A foundation seed field of
Page 1042:
emoved with forceps, the cut may be
Page 1046:
Page 1050:
green midrib because of the presenc
Page 1054:
BREEDING SORGHUM 513 Kansas State U
Page 1058:
Summer Year 5 Summer Year 7 Summer
Page 1062:
covered with the bag. Pollination s
Page 1066:
Page 1070:
and brown being dominant over gray.
Page 1074:
BREEDING SOYBEAN 523 easily selecte
Page 1078:
BREEDING SOYBEAN 525 An advantage o
Page 1082:
Common breeding objectives 1 Grain
Page 1086:
Page 1090:
Program objectives Charles Simpson
Page 1094:
BREEDING PEANUT 533 lines in hopes
Page 1098:
for emasculation, which is done in
Page 1102:
Page 1106:
Evolution of the modern potato crop
Page 1110:
BREEDING POTATO 541 Table 1 The Sco
Page 1114:
(berries) called potato balls. The
Page 1118:
6 Potato tuber quality improvement.
Page 1122:
grown in America, Africa, Asia, and
Page 1126:
Introduction Don L. Keim BREEDING C
Page 1130:
BREEDING COTTON 551 are grown in tr
Page 1134:
economically important traits has b
Page 1138:
Part B Please answer the following
Page 1142:
Central dogma: The underlying model
Page 1146:
Mitosis: The process of nuclear div
Page 1150:
Chapter 1 http://www.foodfirst.org/
Page 1154:
Imperial unit Metric conversion Vol
Page 1158:
complex inheritance, 42 composite c
Page 1162:
minor gene resistance, 371 minor ge
Page 1166:
technology protection system (TPS),
show all

Principles of Plant Genetics and Breeding

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?