Pan-Pacific Conference XXXIV. Designing New Business Models in Developing Economies

Circulation Type Farm Waste Management System
Environmentally Friendly and Economical IPC System
Lisa H. Hata
Office H Consulting
lisa.h.hata@gmail.co
ABSTRACT
Growing problem of waste management has
progressed with the evolution of industry and
human life style, and the insect power compost
(IPC) came to attract attention in recent years as an
effective alternative for the livestock manure
management. The system is expected to mitigate
environmental issues, utilize recyclable resources
and reduce economic burden of the farms.
The protagonist of IPC system is the maggot and its
principal constituents are expected to become the
substitution of some of the major ingredients
inevitable for the survival of humankind.
The potentials and the recent activities of the IPC
system are introduced in the following chapters.
I. GLOBAL SUSTAINABILITY: Population
Increase, Food Demand and Environmental
Pollution Issues
According to a report issued by the United Nations
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) in 2013,
the population of the Earth is expected to exceed 9
billion by 2050 and food shortage is alarmed.
The manure treatment method differs depending on
the forms of the manure either liquid or solid, and
livestock species, inappropriate handling of the
manure such as open-air dumping and lagoon
storage becomes the source of water contamination
and offensive odour. While the improvement of
storage system is pressed, appropriate manure
treatment system can be expensive and it is a factor
to put pressure on the business conditions of
livestock farms.
Livestock manure compositions such as organic
matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and the like pose a
direct threat to water quality of river and
groundwater, but nitrogen, phosphorus and
potassium are nutrients indispensable for crop
growth. As the nutrients are lost from the soil after
harvesting agricultural crops and the fertilizer shall
be added to the soil to continuously grow crops,
organic fertilizer improves physical and biological
properties of the soil and activates soil fertility.
For this reason, taking measures to prevent lagoon
leakage, overflows and inappropriate discharge of
manure that cause water contamination,
eutrophication and water permeation into
groundwater are stressed and effective utilization of
livestock manure as soil improvement agent and
fertilizer is desired.
Livestock environmental problem shall not remain
as a mere countermeasure, but it shall be considered
as the opportunity to review the way agriculture
ought to be and to promote natural circulation of
agriculture and to enhance self-sufficiency feed
system.
Fig. 1 Growth of Population and Food Supply
As the scale of livestock industry continues to
expand to meet food demand of the growing
population, the livestock manure problem has
become one of the major issues for environmental
pollution. Amongst livestock environmental
problems, odour and water contamination both
caused mainly by livestock manure are particularly
serious and require immediate solution, therefore
livestock environmental problem may be rephrased
as livestock manure management problem.
II. Fishing Industry Challenges
In the climate of world fishery output peak in the
1980s, and world population and food demand
increase, assuring sustainable aquaculture
production is receiving worldwide spotlight.
However, the feed cost which accounts for 80% of
aquaculture production is the crucial challenge. The
price of fish meal has quadrupled in 20 years due to
the impact of catch decline of anchovy/sardine, its
main raw material, caught in South America for the
climate change, and consumption increase of marine
products for health consciousness in developed
nations and for improvement of dietary level in
developing nations. Researches on nutritious and
stably suppliable insects as the alternative for the
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