Pan-Pacific Conference XXXIV. Designing New Business Models in Developing Economies

feed that consumes a large amount of sardines
continue.
Million ton
Acquaculture
Wild Catch
Housefly eggs laid onto 3000 kg of solids separated
from animal waste, leftovers and water from 1000
swine in the IPC plant hatch and become larvae in 8
hours, continue growing into maggots in 3 to 7 days
and move to the dry area. The solids are
decomposed with larval digestive enzyme, lose
moisture and turn into organic fertilizer. In other
words, 3000 kg of solids produce 300 kg of live
larvae and 1200 kg of high performance organic
fertilizer.
World Fishery Output
Fig. 2 (Japan Fisheries Agency)
III. IPC – Insect Power Compost
Whilst public image of the housefly larvae or
maggots farmed by using livestock manure is filthy
and unhygienic, research to use them as the
ingredient of the feed for farm-raised fish has been
conducted. This measure reduces the consumption
of fishmeal whose main ingredient may also be
consumed by humans and accelerates
decomposition speed of livestock manure by larvae
into fertilizer. It may be one of the viable solutions
for food shortages and environmental problems.
Houseflies may be regarded as more
environmentally friendly as the maggots decompose
10 kg of swine manure, increase body weights and
produce 1 kg of larvae, and 3 kg of fertilizer. They
leave nothing to be wasted and save cost for waste
disposal.
Fig. 4 IPC Technology Outline - Recycle Type
Waste Management System
Ehime University has been working on the research
for aquaculture feed using insects mainly houseflies
since 2008. Ground dry maggots and pupae
containing about 60% of crude protein and about
20% of crude fat, with their amino acid composition
similar to that of fishmeal have sufficient utility
value as raw ingredient for feed. Farmed red sea
bream fed with 2.5% of housefly pupae substituting
10% of fishmeal grows faster, and its oxidative
stress alleviated and mortality rate lowered. It
suggests that housefly larvae contain substances that
improve immune system of fish and potentially
livestock and poultry making them less susceptible
to diseases.
Fig. 3 Life Cycle Stage – Livestock, Agriculture
and Fishery (E’s Inc.)
From 2014, E’s Inc. operates housefly farm facility
in Kagoshima (1 M heads) which raises the most
number of swine in Japan to substantiate the
applicability of the company’s IPC (Insect Power
Compost) plant. In theory, it can be assumed that
farmed larvae using manure from Kagoshima and
neighbouring Miyazaki (766,000 heads) will
produce enough maggots to replace about 30% of
fishmeal for domestic use.
Fig. 5 South Ehime Fisheries Research Center,
Ehime University
Also, the organic fertilizers produced this way are
rich in larval digestive enzymes and possess
antimicrobial components and susceptible antibody
against plant pathogens.
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