Interrogations-and-Confessions-Handbook

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Hall, Darren, 442, 443, 495–9 Hall, Larry, 299–302 hand rigidity test, 338 Hanley, Mr (clinical psychologist), 505 Harrison, William, 166 Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, 368, 369 Harvey [1988], 254 Harvey, Margot, 503 Haward, Lionel, 449 Hawkins, Detective Sergeant Denis, 500, 501 Hegan, James Irwin, 517, 518 Henderson, J. Scott, QC 170 Henry, Lord Justice, 474, 492 heroin, 418, 420 false confessions to murder by an addict, 430–2 Heron murder case, 96–106 post-admission, 100–6 responses, 97–100 tactics, 97 Hickey, Michael, 519 Hickey, Vincent, 514, 519 Hidden, Justice, 519 Hill, Patrick, 452 Hill, Paul, 446, 447, 448 Hill, Vance, 575, 580, 581 Hill, Mrs Vance, 580 HMSO Report 1993, 58 Hodge, John, 472 Hoffa, Jimmy, 555 Holland, Detective Superintendent, 525, 526 Home Office Circular 22/1992, 53 Home Office Circular 7/1993, 53 ‘hooding’, 44 Hoyt, Jay, 543, 544, 545 Hoyt, Timothy, 543, 544–5 Hoyt, Waneta, 541–50 Hudson Index of Self-Esteem, 425 Hume, Cardinal, 448 hunger, 31 Hunter, Gerry, 452–6 hushed/lowered tones, 81 Hutton, Lord Chief Justice, 518 hypnosis, 337, 342 hypnotic susceptibility, suggestibility and, 368–70 hypnotizability, 338, 340 Ibrahim v. The Queen [1914], 573, 576 id, 123 identification, 192 ideo-motor response, 336, 338, 358 Illbert, Dr Robin, 509, 511 Subject Index 677 immediate recall, 362–3 impatience among interrogators, 28 implied evidence, 82 importance of confession, 130–3 impulsivity, suggestibility and, 388 inadmissible confessions, 34–5 Inbau–Reid–Buckley Model, 80 inconsistent pleaders, 184–5 indirect suggestion procedure, 336 indirection, 338 individual differences approach to interrogative suggestibility, 334–5, 353 indoctrination, 188–92 inducement, 83 inquisatorial strategies, 45 instructional manipulation, suggestibility and, 391–2 intelligence, 73, 277–8, 319, 320, 322–3, 324, 326, 443 suggestibility and, 381–4 interaction process model of confession, 124, 128 interest to confess, 83 internal pressure, 210, 211, 622 confession and, 152, 153, 157 false confession and, 212 interpersonal trust, 348, 349–50, 353, 355 interrogation, definition, 1–2 interrogation techniques, confession and, 151 interrogative suggestibility, 52 interrogator characteristics confession and, 151 desirable, 29–30 interrupting the suspect, 81 interview, definition, 1 interview tactics, confession and, 69–70 interviewing tactics in Britain, oppressive, 75–114 application of framework to individual cases, 87–96 armed robbery, 91–4 arson, 87–91 incest, 94–6 cases analysed, 77–9 court outcome, 112–14 delivery, 80–1 manipulation, 82–3 maximization, 81–2 methodology, 79–80, 85 research background, 75–7 suspects’ responses, 83–4 emotional responses, 84 information or knowledge, 84 negative, 84
678 Subject Index interviewing tactics in Britain, (cont.) positive, 83–4 projection, 84 rationalization, 84 statistical procedures, 86–7 investigative interviewing, definition, 2 involuntary confession, 284–5 IQ see intelligence Irving, Dr Barrie, 73, 449, 596 observational studies, 39–42 isolation, 44 Israeli terrorist case, 582–9 Jarrett, Mrs Cynthia, 459 Jenkins, Roy, 170 Johnson, Margaret, 510 Joseph, Dr Philip, 478, 491, 509, 511, 521 Jowitt, Mr Justice, 491 Judge, Justice, 532 Judges’ Rules and Home Office Administrative Directions, 249 Judith Ward [1992], 276 Kane, Patrick, 442, 479–82, 512–13 Kassin–Wrightsman model of false confessions, 625 critique of, 201–3, 211 Keenan [1990], 255 Keene, Justice, 497 Kellam, Dr Alexander, 531 Kelly, Lord Chief Justice, 518 Kelly, Madonna, 573, 576 Kennedy, County inspector Albert, 500, 501 Kerr, Mr Justice, 506 King, Ashley, 442, 443, 493–5, 513 Kiszko, Stefan, 438, 441, 443, 523–30 final appeal, 527–8 police interviews, 524–6 psychological evaluation, 528–9 trial, 526–7 Kline, Barbara, 550–1 Kline, Michelle, 550–1 Kopelman, Professor Michael, 275, 491, 497, 505, 509 Kumho Tire Co., Ltd. v. Carmichael (1999), 297–8, 300 labelling as a criminal, 146 lack of orientation, 84 Landau, Justice, 582 Landau Report, 582–3 Lane, Lord Chief Justice, 441, 448, 454, 464–5, 469, 470, 512, 527 language problems, 68 Latimer, Neil Fraser, 517, 518 Lattimore, Colin, 170 Laws, Justice, 516 Lawton, Lord Justice, 275 leading question tests, 339, 340 learning disability, 68–9, 72 assessment of social functioning, 326–7 false confession in, 227–30, 230–1 fitness for interview, 318 as a vulnerability, 320–7 learning theories, 190, 191 Lee, Ann, 510 legal advice prior to interrogation, confession rate and, 149–50 legal advisor, presence of criticism of, 79 effect on rate of confession, 71, 73 legal rights of detainees, 71–3 Leighton, Ronald, 170 leniency, promises of, 11 Leonard, Mr Justice, 515, 531 Lewis, Dr Rossiter, 502, 505 lie detection, 123 Lindbergh kidnapping case, 194–5 Linklater, John, 503 Lloyd, Lord Justice, 454 Locus of Control Scale, 397 suggestibility and, 398–9 Logan, Alastair, 448, 449, 450 logistic regression analysis, 70–1 Long, George, 442, 444, 476–9 Longmore, Justice, 474 Lopatta, Nichole, 563–4, 565, 570 LSD, 420 Lucas, Henry Lee, 554–63, 571–2 MacKenzie, David, 438, 443, 472–3, 499, 512 magic mushrooms, 420 Maguire case, 454 Makos, Dr, 450, 451 Malone, Campbell, 528 Maloney and Doherty [1988], 263 manipulative interrogation tactics, 41 Mansfield, Michael, QC 516, QC 536 Marlowe–Crowne Social Desirability Scale, 372, 394 Marsh, Terry, 181 Masih [1986], 277, 322, 465, 467 maximization, 21, 36, 80, 153 May, Sir John, 454 McDermott, Lord, 501, 502 McDonald, Patrick: Make ‘Em Talk!, 8 McGovern, 257–8 McIlkenny, Richard, 452–6 McKenzie, Ian, 73
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The Psychology of Interrogations an
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The Psychology of Interrogations an
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þora Hannesdottir (b. 2.6.1918, d.
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viii Contents General Conclusions 7
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x Contents External Evaluation of t
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xii Contents Henry Lee Lucas 554 Jo
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Series Preface The Wiley Series in
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Preface The Psychology of Interroga
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Acknowledgements I am grateful to P
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2 A Psychology of Interrogations an
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4 A Psychology of Interrogations an
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CHAPTER 1 Interrogation Tactics and
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Interrogation Tactics and Technique
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Interrogation in Britain 39 from an
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Interrogation in Britain 41 for exc
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Interrogation in Britain 43 SOFTLEY
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Interrogation in Britain 45 note ta
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Interrogation in Britain 47 The wor
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Interrogation in Britain 49 real st
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Interrogation in Britain 51 BRITISH
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Interrogation in Britain 53 (R. v.
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Interrogation in Britain 55 influen
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CHAPTER 3 Persons at Risk During In
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Persons at Risk During Interviews i
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CHAPTER 4 The Identification and Me
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The Identification and Measurement
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9 multiple admissions 8 Tape1 Tape2
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8 new officers 7 Tape5 Tape6 6 ad 5
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8 day 2 day 3 7 6 Tape9 Tape10 Tape
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Tape 7 8 7 ad 6 5 4 3 2 1 Mr. Nasty
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CHAPTER 5 Why do Suspects Confess?
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Why do Suspects Confess? Theories 1
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Why do Suspects Confess? Empirical
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Table 6.1. The proportion of suspec
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Miscarriages of Justice and False C
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CHAPTER 8 The Psychology of False C
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The Psychology of False Confession:
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They state: The Psychology of False
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CHAPTER 9 The Psychology of False C
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CHAPTER 10 The English Law on Confe
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The English Law on Confessions 249
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CHAPTER 11 The American Law on Conf
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The American Law on Confessions 285
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The Psychological Assessment 309 TH
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The Psychological Assessment 311 ps
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The Psychological Assessment 313 an
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The Psychological Assessment 315 im
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The Psychological Assessment 317 Ta
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The Psychological Assessment 319 Ro
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The Psychological Assessment 321 as
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The Psychological Assessment 323 ad
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The Psychological Assessment 325 in
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The Psychological Assessment 327 Sc
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The Psychological Assessment 329 Th
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The Psychological Assessment 331 as
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Suggestibility: Historical and Theo
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Suggestibility: Empirical Findings
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CHAPTER 15 The Effects of Drugs and
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The Effects of Drugs and Alcohol up
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Score 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 The E
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CHAPTER 16 The Court of Appeal In E
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Table 16.1. Some leading British co
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The Court of Appeal 441 individuals
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The Court of Appeal 443 experience
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CHAPTER 17 The ‘Guildford Four’
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The ‘Guildford Four’ and the
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Psychological Vulnerability 459 Bac
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Psychological Vulnerability 461 In
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Psychological Vulnerability 463 to
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Psychological Vulnerability 465 the
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Psychological Vulnerability 467 How
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Psychological Vulnerability 469 hav
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Psychological Vulnerability 471 Pri
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Psychological Vulnerability 473 due
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Psychological Vulnerability 475 mar
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Psychological Vulnerability 477 he
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Psychological Vulnerability 479 Com
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Psychological Vulnerability 481 and
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Psychological Vulnerability 483 Acc
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Psychological Vulnerability 485 pro
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Psychological Vulnerability 487 to
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Psychological Formulation Psycholog
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Psychological Vulnerability 491 (I
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Psychological Vulnerability 493 pro
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Psychological Vulnerability 495 wou
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Psychological Vulnerability 497 fro
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Psychological Vulnerability 499 Com
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Psychological Vulnerability 501 Gor
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Psychological Vulnerability 503 nor
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Psychological Vulnerability 505 com
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Psychological Vulnerability 507 Fel
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Psychological Vulnerability 509 int
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Psychological Vulnerability 511 The
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Psychological Vulnerability 513 did
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Police Impropriety 515 STEPHEN MILL
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Police Impropriety 517 It is fair t
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Police Impropriety 519 THE CARL BRI
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Police Impropriety 521 mental capac
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CHAPTER 20 Misleading Special Knowl
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Misleading Special Knowledge 525 to
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Misleading Special Knowledge 527 Th
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Misleading Special Knowledge 529
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Misleading Special Knowledge 531 th
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Misleading Special Knowledge 533 wa
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Misleading Special Knowledge 535 ex
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Misleading Special Knowledge 537 CO
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CHAPTER 21 Four High Profile Americ
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Four High Profile American Cases 54
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4 December Four High Profile Americ
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CHAPTER 22 Canadian and Israeli Cas
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Canadian and Israeli Cases 575 fema
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Canadian and Israeli Cases 577 pers
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Canadian and Israeli Cases 579 also
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Canadian and Israeli Cases 581 the
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Canadian and Israeli Cases 583 revi
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Canadian and Israeli Cases 585 had
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Canadian and Israeli Cases 587 Thes
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Canadian and Israeli Cases 589 and
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Murder in Norway 591 centre and the
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Murder in Norway 593 informing the
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Murder in Norway 595 (MMPI; Hathawa
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Murder in Norway 597 to testify. Th
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Murder in Norway 599 were highly el
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Murder in Norway 601 not want to
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Murder in Norway 603 Officer E told
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Murder in Norway 605 being a crimin
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Murder in Norway 607 Mr A that were
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Murder in Norway 609 interviewed by
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Murder in Norway 611 (approximately
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Murder in Norway 613 False Belief V
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Conclusions GENERAL COMMENTS AND CO
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Conclusions 617 Outside England and
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Conclusions 619 � Regular use of
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Conclusions 621 The focus in this b
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Conclusions 623 interviews were gen
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Conclusions 625 The reasons why peo
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Page 652 and 653: References Abed, R.T. (1995). Volun
Page 654 and 655: References 633 Billings, A.G. & Moo
Page 656 and 657: References 635 Cardone, D. & Dent,
Page 658 and 659: References 637 Craft, M. (1984). Lo
Page 660 and 661: References 639 Farber, I.E., Harlow
Page 662 and 663: References 641 Grisso, T. (1998a).
Page 664 and 665: References 643 Gudjonsson, G.H. (19
Page 666 and 667: References 645 Gudjonsson, G.H. & S
Page 668 and 669: References 647 Hunter, E. (1951). B
Page 670 and 671: References 649 Konoske, P., Staple,
Page 672 and 673: References 651 Matarazzo, J.D. (197
Page 674 and 675: References 653 Moston, S. & Stephen
Page 676 and 677: References 655 Pope, K.S. & Brown,
Page 678 and 679: References 657 Santtila, P., Ekholm
Page 680 and 681: References 659 Stark, M. (1994). Ma
Page 682 and 683: References 661 Walker, C. (1999c).
Page 684 and 685: Abed, R.T., 197 Abramson, L.Y., 343
Page 686 and 687: Dent, H., 318, 325, 410 Dession, G.
Page 688 and 689: Isaacs, B.J., 318 Izard, C.E., 427
Page 690 and 691: Pear, T.H., 345 Pearse J., 22, 27,
Page 692 and 693: Wallington, S.A., 375, 376 Walsh, D
Page 694 and 695: Armstrong, Paddy, 446, 447, 448, 44
Page 696 and 697: discrepancy detection, 200, 335, 35
Page 700 and 701: McKinnon, Gil, QC 579 McNamara, His
Page 702 and 703: property offenders, confession and,
Page 704 and 705: sleep deprivation, 31, 389-90 rapid
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