Interrogations-and-Confessions-Handbook

sleep
deprivation, 31, 389–90
rapid eye movement (REM), 339
Smith, Dr, 502
Social Avoidance and Distress (SAD)
scale, 387
social desirability, suggestibility and,
394–5
social events, confession and, 126
social isolation, 31
social learning theory approach, 124–5
socio-psychological theories, 190, 192,
215
sodium amytal, 124
Softley, P., study by, 43
special knowledge, misleading, 523–37
Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory, 35,
423, 425
Stafford v. DPP [1974], 475
State v. Christoff [1997], 16
State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)
(Spielberger), 60, 65–6, 372, 386,
388, 427
Steel, Justice, 534
Steele, Chief Inspector, 525
Steinschneider, Dr Alfred, 542–3, 549
Steuart-Pownall, Don, 450
stress–compliant confessions, 204,
206
stressors, classes of, 26
suggestibility, 64, 200, 626
age and, 380–1
alcohol and, 428–30
anger and, 400–2
anxiety and, 385–8
assertiveness and, 396
coping strategies and, 395–6
criteria, 308
dissociation and fantasy proneness,
390–1
ethnic background and, 380
experimenter effect, 392–4
eyewitness testimony and, 410–11
false confessions and, 407–10
field dependence and, 399–400
gender and, 379–80
hypnotic susceptibility and, 368–70
impulsivity and, 388
instructional manipulation, 391–2
intelligence and, 381–4
locus of control, 398–9
memory and, 384–5
MMPI-2 and, 389
police interviewing and, 403–4
previous convictions, 403
recovered memory and, 411–12
Subject Index 683
resisters and alleged false confessors,
404–7
self-esteem and, 396–8
sleep deprivation and, 389–90
social desirability and, 394–5
test setting and, 402–3
see also suggestibility, interrogative
suggestibility, interrogative, 332–59
characteristics, 335–6
classification, 338–40
definition, 344–7
Gudjonsson–Clark theoretical model,
347–52
historical background, 336–8
primary, 338–9, 340, 358
reinforcement and, 343
secondary, 338–9, 340, 358
state v. trait, 343–4
tertial, 338
theoretical approaches, 334–5
experimental approach, 334–5, 353
individual differences approach,
334–5, 353
theories of, 340–3
superego, 123
supported direct accusation, 45
suspiciousness, 28
suggestibility and, 401
swearing at suspect, 81
tactics, classification, 41
taken into consideration (TIC), 93, 134
tape recording of interrogation, 21–4
Taylor, Lord Chief Justice, 82, 476, 516,
532
Taylor, Peter, 529
test setting
suggestibility and, 402–3
Thomas, Justice, 532
Thomas-Peters, Dr Brian, 497
thought reform, 187
threats, 31, 81–2, 206
Tierney, Dr, 526
Toohey v. Commissioner of Metropolitan
Police [1965], 277
Tooley, Dr, 449
torture, 44
total suggestibility, 364
Tottenham Riots, 312, 441
Tottenham Three, 52, 55, 466
Toulson, Justice, 492
training in interviewing techniques, 619
trait and state anxiety, 65–6, 67
tranquillizers, 419
Traugott, Arthur, 299–300, 301
trickery see deception/trickery