HistoriquePolitiqueMedicament

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www.irdes.fr Juin 2013 La politique du médicament en France Sorasith C., Celant N., Pichetti S., Sermet C., CARTIERT., Bergua L. (2012). Déterminants de l'écart de prix entre médicaments similaires et le premier entrant d'une classe thérapeutique : Paris : Irdes Abstract: Cette recherche vise à estimer, au sein de 31 groupes de médicaments homogènes du point de vue de leur structure moléculaire et de leurs indications, l'écart de prix entre la première présentation arrivée sur le marché et les similaires qui l'ont suivie, et à analyser les déterminants de cet écart de prix. Les résultats montrent l'existence d'écarts de prix significatifs avec un écart moyen de 59 % par groupe. Au sein d'un groupe donné, l'innovation accroît les écarts de prix tandis que l'arrivée de génériques dans un groupe ou la mise sous TFR (Tarif forfaitaire de responsabilité) les réduit http://www.irdes.fr/EspaceRecherche/DocumentsDeTravail/DT43DeterminantsPrix- MedicamentsClasseTherapeutique.pdf (2011). L'évolution de la consommation et des dépenses de médicaments en France et dans les principaux pays européens Paris : CNAMTS Abstract: Cette étude de l'Assurance Maladie présente l'évolution de la consommation et des dépenses de médicaments en France et dans les principaux pays européens, pour 8 classes de médicaments et sur la période 2006-2009 http://www.ameli.fr/fileadmin/user_upload/documents/DP_Consommation_medicam- ents_en_Europe_vdef_01.pdf Danzon P.M., Furukawa M.F. (2011). Cross-National Evidence on Generic Pharmaceuticals: Pharmacy vs. Physician-- Driven Markets : Cambridge : NBER Abstract: This paper examines the role of regulation and competition in generic markets. Generics offer large potential savings to payers and consumers of pharmaceuticals. Whether the potential savings are realized depends on the extent of generic entry and uptake and the level of generic prices. In the U.S., the regulatory, legal and incentive structures encourage prompt entry, aggressive price competition and patient switching to generics. Key features are that pharmacists are authorized and incentivi- zed to switch patients to cheap generics. By contrast, in many other high and middle income countries, generics traditionally competed on brand rather than price because physicians rather than pharmacies are the decisionmakers. Physician-driven generic markets tend to have higher generic prices and may have lower generic uptake, depending on regulations and incentives. Using IMS data to analyze generic markets in the U.S., Canada, France, Germany, U.K., Italy, Spain, Japan, Australia, Mexico, Chile, Brazil over the period 1998-2009, we estimate a three-equati- on model for number of generic entrants, generic prices and generic volume shares. We find little effect of originator defense strategies, significant differences between unbranded and unbranded generics, variation across countries in volume response to prices. Policy changes adopted to stimulate generic uptake and reduce generic prices have been successful in some E.U. countries http://www.nber.org/papers/w17226 Filippini M., Gonzalez Ortiz L.G., Masiero G. (2011). Assessing the impact of antibiotic policies in Europe : Martigny : RERO Abstract: Because of evidence of causal association between antibiotic use and bacterial resistance, the implementation of national policies has emerged as a interesting tool for controlling and reversing bacterial resistance. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of public policies on antibiotic use in Europe using a differences-in-differences approach. Comparable data on systemic administered antibiotics in 21 European countries are available for a 11-years panel between 1997 and 2007. Data on national campaigns are drawn from the public health literature. We estimate an econometric model of antibiotic consumption with country fixed effects and control for the main socioeconomic and epidemiological factors. Lagged values and the instrumental variables approach are applied to address endogeneity aspects of the prevalence of infections and the adoption of national campaigns. It found evidence that public campaigns significantly reduce the use of Pôle documentation de l’Irdes – Safon M.-O., Suhard V. avec la collaboration de Pichetti S. http://www.irdes.fr/EspaceDoc/index.htm 120/147 http://www.irdes.fr/EspaceDoc/DossiersBiblios/<strong>HistoriquePolitiqueMedicament</strong>.pdf
www.irdes.fr Juin 2013 La politique du médicament en France antimicrobials in the community by 1.4 to 3.7 defined daily doses per 1000 inhabitants. This roughly represents an impact between 7.2% and 18.5% on the mean level of antibiotic use in Europe between 1997 and 2007. The effect is robust across different measurement methods. Further research is needed to investigate the effectiveness of policy interventions targeting different social groups such as general practitioners or patient http://doc.rero.ch/lm.php?url=1000,42,6,20111222090546-HR/wp1202.pdf Godman B., Shrank W., Andersen M., Berg C., Bishop I., BURKHARDTT., Garuoliene K., Herholz H., Joppi R., Kalaba M., LAIUSO., Lonsdale J., Malmstrom R.E., Martikainen J.E., SAMALUKV., Sermet C., Schwabe U., Teixeira I., Tilson L., TULUNAYF.C., Vlahovic- Palcevski V., Wendykowska K., Wettermark B., Gustafsson L.L. (2011). Policies to enhance prescribing efficiency in Europe: findings and future implications. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 1 (141) : 1-16. http://www.frontiersin.org/pharmacoeconomics,_health_outcomes_and_pharmaceu- tical_medicine/10.3389/fphar.2010.00141/full Sussex J., Towse A., Devlin N. (2011). Operationalising Value Based Pricing of Medicines: A Taxonomy of Approaches : York : CHE Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to provide an account of the full set of possible means by which value based pricing (VBP) might be operationalised; to describe and categorise them by developing a taxonomy of approaches; to give an initial assessment of the challenges, pros and cons that each of the principal types of approach implies. To achieve this, we review the elements of value that could be taken into account, how they might be measured and valued, how the different elements could be combined into an overall assessment of a medicine’s value, and how that then could be linked to the maximum price the health service is willing to reimburse. The UK Department of Health’s consultation document regarding the introduction of VBP (DH, 2010a) outlines one possible approach to these steps – but others are possible. We begin with a brief discussion of value in economics and theoretical frameworks from economics relevant to the normative question of which attributes of medicines should be taken into account in VBP. We proceed to outline a taxonomy of approaches to VBP, taking as our starting point that VBP will include a measure of health gain and that this will be built on the QALY. Our principal interest is in the way criteria other than QALYs are taken into account. We set out to: (i) identify and describe the full range of alternative means by which “value” might be measured and valued, (ii) identify and describe the options available for aggregating the different components of value to establish a maximum price, and (iii) note the challenges and relative advantages associated with these approaches. Finally, we review the means by which VBP is currently operationalised in a selection of countries and place these, and proposals for the UK, in the context of our taxonomy http://www.ohe.org/publications/recent-publications/list-by-date-20/detail/- date////operationalising-value-based-pricing-of-medicines-a-taxonomy-of-approaches.html (2011). Health Systems Governance in Europe : The role of European Union Law and Policy. Health Economics, Policy and Management. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press Abstract: This book, a co-publication by the European Social Observatory (OSE) and the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, was funded by the Belgian federal health authorities (SPF Santé Publique) and the National Institute for Health and Disability Insurance (NIHDI/INAMI). It offers a state of the art of academic discussion on a number of current and emerging governance issues in EU healthcare policy, including regulatory, legal, ‘new governance’ and policy-making dynamics. The study looks into different areas of European Union policy and law-making that have an impact on national healthcare systems. It provides policy-make- rs with a compelling and rigorous analysis of the real and potential impacts of EU integration on the organisation of healthcare provision and the protection of public health, highlighting the need to balance economic and social imperatives Pôle documentation de l’Irdes – Safon M.-O., Suhard V. avec la collaboration de Pichetti S. http://www.irdes.fr/EspaceDoc/index.htm 121/147 http://www.irdes.fr/EspaceDoc/DossiersBiblios/<strong>HistoriquePolitiqueMedicament</strong>.pdf
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