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Potentiel d’économies d’énergie par les services énergétiques – Application au cycle de vie des équipements de conversion de l’énergie difficult to monitor but still possible. Although FINES is in charge of the audit, studies and financing, the execution is realised by subcontractors. Independent of any manufacturer, FINES guarantees savings for a minimal investment. As an ESCO, the company bears the technical risk because the contract includes an obligation of results but also the financial risk. There are two main ways to pay for this service: either the customer has the capital available to pay directly or he needs a financing plan (Third Party Financing contract). The other considered approach would be to sell new equipments to a financial company which would rent it to the customer. In the case of a TPF contract, payments are fixed and based on engineering estimates and on site verifications. Actually, before and after the relighting, energy consumptions of sample rooms are measured during a few weeks. Savings are assessed, and this assessment is the basis for the monthly payments. In most cases, the length of the payback period is about four to seven years. The overall lighting savings potential in Belgium is estimated at 260 million euros and the electricity consumption for service and industrial sectors is evaluated respectively about 5 TWh and 1,5 TWh. Excluding technical consultants, FINES is the only ESCO specialised in relighting on this market. The potentials are enormous and cannot be transformed into reality without FINES or similar firms bearing the project risks. The guaranteed savings in lighting are between 30 and 70 percents depending on the activity sector. Energy savings generated by FINES between 1997 and 2001 are given in the following figures. Annual energy consumptions (kWh) 6000000 5000000 4000000 3000000 2000000 1000000 0 2 483 818 1 093 851 Gymnasium, Swimming-pool 4 895 142 2 213 049 613 818 221 824 206 138 266 Before FINES action After FINES action 49 728 Industry Hospital School Parking Office HORECA Activity sector FINES is one of the GreenLight endorsers. The aim of the European GreenLight programme is to reduce the energy consumption from indoor and outdoor lighting throughout Europe, thus reducing polluting emissions and limiting the global warming. The objective is also to improve the quality of visual conditions while saving money. 60 286 16 732 35 272 15 685 13 664 7 047
Potentiel d’économies d’énergie par les services énergétiques – Application au cycle de vie des équipements de conversion de l’énergie Annexe 2 : Exemple de contrat de performance énergétique sous mécanisme « Guaranteed Savings » – Exploitation et maintenance d’un automate de gestion énergétique Galva Plus is specialized in the hot galvanization of steel parts (barriers...). The main equipment that needs electricity is an induction furnace used to maintain the Zinc in fusion (450 °C). The latter is operating 24 h/24 and is on/off controlled: when the temperature of the Zinc bath passes below the set point, the furnace is commanded to heat with full power independently of the difference to this reference value. This kind of control thus does not allow to manage the amplitude of the power demand and can generate important peaks. On the other hand, when the furnace is off, the power demand of the site is low. In the framework of an approach initiated by EDF, LM Control intervenes on site in order to optimize power calls. The invoicing of Electricity in France The invoicing of EDF is based on two criteria: on the one hand a subscribed power and on the other hand a price per kilowatt-hour consumed. The knowledge of consumption of the site allows to optimize tariffs by balancing the subscribed power and the possible overstepping. The subscribed power is then slightly lower than the total power absorbed. In spite of optimization, EDF is conscious that it is possible to more decrease the subscribed power and then to reduce the invoice of electricity. Indeed, EDF invoices its customers compared to their load diagram which is established by averaging the power called over ten minutes. By reducing the amplitude of power calls, it is possible to reduce the subscribed power and thus the invoice. The energy management system Before the energy management device is set up, each process could call power at the same time so that important peaks appeared on the load diagram. The client was then obliged to subscribe a electricity supply contract in relation to the amplitude of these peaks. This device allows to manage power calls. Indeed, when the power called passes over the set point, the device switch the supply of certain equipments off. Also, when the power called passes below the set point, the device switch the supply of certain equipments on. The on/off priority depends on the process and the customer choices. Finally, load management with this device is possible only for equipments with inertia and is then favorable for thermal uses (furnace, cold group, …). The specificity of the Galva Plus optimizer is that it manages only the furnace. LM Control implements a power set point into the optimizer and synchronizes its clock with the EDF network. In a 10 minutes interval, the optimizer calculates in real time the average power and avoids exceeding the power set point by ordering the stop of the heat sequence even if the Zinc bath did not reach the reference temperature. At the beginning of the next 10 minutes interval, the optimizer restores the signal to the furnace and proceeds in the same way until the reference temperature is reached. 207
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Ecole Doctorale n° 432 « Sciences
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