Lia PerjovschiTimelineMarcel Duchamp: “Tomorrow’s great artists will go underground.”1961 Yuri Gagarin, the first man in space, The Berlin Wall is built, Amnesty International (NGO) – defence of the human rights, I am born at Sibiu. 1962 Kobo Abe (Japan):“Woman of the Sands”, Heinrich Böll (Germany): “The Clown”, André Malraux – “Cultural Endowments in France”, Dictatorship Burma, Independence for Algeria, Rwanda,Uganda, Jamaica. 1964 Beatles, Max Frisch: “Let My Name Be Gautenbein”. 1965 Independence for Singapore, Gambia, Sayyid Qotb: “Landmarks” – “Bible” of the revolutionaryMoslems, Dictatorship Alger – 1978, Dictatorship Philippines: Marcos – 1986, Dictatorship The Central-African Republic: Bokassa – 1979, Dictatorship Congo (Zair):Mobutu – 1971–1997, Dictatorship Indonesia: Suharto – 1966, Romania: Ceauøescu is elected leader, US National Endowment for the Arts. 1966 Cultural Revolution in China,Andrei Tarkovsky (Russia): “Andrei Rubliov”, Ingmar Bergman (Sweden): “Persona”, Truman Capote (US): “In Cold Blood”, Michelangelo Antonioni: “Blow Up”, Dino Buzzati:“Colombre, the Monster”, Romania: The 770 decree forbids abortion and the import of contraceptive drugs. 1967 The first heart transplant, Dictatorship Greece – 1974,García Márquez (Colombia): “One Hundred Years of Solitude”, Milan Kundera (Czech Republic): “The Joke”. 1968 The Scanner, Dictatorship Peru, Stanley Kubrik: “2001: ASpace Odyssey”, The students rebel in Europe and USA, Attempt to democratize Czechoslovakia: “The Prague Spring”, USSR invade Czechoslovakia. 1969 Woodstock MusicFestival, Apollo 11 lands on the Moon (Neil Armstrong and Aldrin), The human ovule is fertilized in vitro, A case not at all isolated – after 1968: Rodica and Grigore Andreiare watched by Securitate... 1973: they demonstrate in street because they couldn’t earn their living... no job... with children... 1977 they sign up the Goma letter... theyleave the country..., The first Concord EUROPA–USA, Dictatorship Libya. 1970 Cerebral hormones. 1971 Green Peace, Dictatorship Uganda – 1979, The astronomers confirmthe black hole theory, Romania: Nicolae Ceauøescu in China and North Korea – he decrees the cultural mini revolution following the Asian example; the freshly won freedomof expression is, gradually, lost; he destroys for the second time the recently recovered elites; the “new man” is born; the civil society becomes atomized; resistance (individualor group manifestations) are repressed by Securitate... arrests, convictions, expulsions, home arrests... splitting-up the people around oneself. Workers manifesting – the isolationand deportation of the leaders, the militarization of the factories, in<strong>format</strong>ional blockage; there is no possibility of solidarity and general protest, Orlando (USA): Disneyworld.1972–1975 Aktionsgruppe Banat: a group of writers from Timiøoara, Mihai Olos, Baia Mare, performance in a mine with gold and corn, Stockholm: The first UnitedNations Conference on Environment. 1973 Global recession, Horia Bernea, Ion Bitzan, Dictatorship Chile: Pinochet – 1989. 1974 Democracy in Portugal and Greece (then inSpain – 1975), Marxist-Leninist regime in Abyssinia, Inflation and global recession, Victor Frunzæ draws a “History of Stalinism in Romania”; 1974–78 – open letter to Ceauøescu– he criticizes the violation of the human rights and the cult of personality; in 1980 he is forced to leave the country, Ion Grigorescu: “Electoral Meeting...”, The SigmaGroup Timiøoara, Øtefan Bertalan. 1975 Independence for Angola and Mozambique, The end of the Vietnam War, The third industrial revolution – electronics, in<strong>format</strong>ics,telecommunications, Helsinki: conference for promoting the human rights in Eastern Europe, Communist regime in Vietnam, Khmer Rouge in Cambodia, Solzhenitsyn publishes“The Gulag Archipelago”, Martial law in Poland, Catastrophic floods in Romania, Ion Grigorescu: in the kitchen... photo, Geta Brætescu, Mircea Florian, Decebal Scriba,Romania: Attempts to rebuild PNfi (National Peasants’ Party). 1976 Dictatorship Argentina – 1983. 1977 Disco Fever, Ridley Scott: “The Duellists”, Earthquake in Romania,Czechoslovakia: The dissidents of the civil rights group publish Charta 77, a manifesto for the human rights – 200 people signed the paper, Romania: The dissident PaulGoma is arrested after publishing a manifesto expressing his sympathy with Charta 77 – 177 people signed the letter; the initiators are being arrested, inquired, harassed,expelled; forms of opposition: the popular rebellion in Jiu Valley; 10,000 miners on strike – in Lupeni then all the Jiu Valley; the strike lasts one week; consequences – leadersdeported, miners moved to other mines, the area is militarized and Securitate agents are being infiltrated; the only sources of in<strong>format</strong>ion – Free Europe, BBC, DeutscheWelle, The Voice of America, Dictatorship Pakistan – 1988. 1978 Great Britain: The first child born in a test-tube, The communists take the power in Afghanistan, GrahamGreene: “The Human Factor”, Andrei Tarkovsky: “The Stalker”, Romania: Mihai Botez’s dissidence (in 1987 is permitted to leave the country). 1979 Hole in the stratosphereozone layer, The Islamic Republic of Iran, The first European Parliament elections, The first Philips CD, Romania: Carmen Popescu is arrested for listening to Radio FreeEurope and for joining The Free Working Men Syndicate (SLOMR); pardoned in 1983, Francis Ford Coppola (USA): “Apocalypse Now”, Umberto Eco (Italy): “The Name ofthe Rose”, Romania: dissidence in PCR – Constantin Pârvulescu, SLOMR – the initiators, Dr. Ionel Gana and the engineer Gheorghe Braøoveanu, are secluded; Vasile Paraschiv,a worker from Ploieøti, who had been protesting since 1960, is arrested and undergoes a psychiatric treatment, Paul Neagu. 1980 USA: The neutron bomb, USA boycottThe Moscow Summer Olympics, CNN is born, Poland: Solidarity; Lech Walesa; strikes in Gdansk, Romania: the ongoing form of protest and in<strong>format</strong>ion was the resistancethrough culture – metaphoric, illusive language; writers banned and kept under watch, not SF, but crime novels, Sibiu. I graduated from the Pedagogic high-school, the artsdepartment. I wanted to study psychology, but the Faculty of Psychology was abolished. I attend the Astra Library and Brukenthal Museum, Romania: Queues for food; cold...;forms of protest – the open letters of the intellectuals (by means of the foreign radio stations broadcasting in Romanian or in the Western press); individual or group actions– young engineers, workers, students; manifests, destroying communist monuments and symbols, illegal publications, open protests in public spaces, public suicides – arrestsand long-time convictions; illegal crossings of the border to Yugoslavia, Hungary; escaping with small airplanes to Austria; by boats, on the Black Sea, to Turkey; the GreekCatholic Church resisting in catacombs; protests against the demolition of churches and the systematization of the villages; The Writers Union (1964–1981), a barricadeagainst dictatorship, censorship, limitation of the human rights; in 1981 an obedient direction is being forced in, Eugenia Pop, Horia Bernea, Sorin Dumitrescu, Graffiti exhibitionat New York. 1981 The first human gene is created by chemical synthesis of the interferon, AIDS, Karl Gjellerup: “Kamanita the Pilgrim” (1970). 1982 Ridley Scott:“Blade Runner”, Dan Mihælflianu, László Újvárossy, Rudolf Bone, Romania: anticommunist protests, dissident positions; Cluj (1982–1989): Doina Cornea, teacher – open letters,with a critic analysis of the social, economic and cultural politics of the dictator; scores of intellectuals and workers sympathize with Doina Cornea; Bucharest (1982–1983):Radu Filipescu, engineer – spreads thousands of manifests against Ceauøescu using the mail boxes of the Bucharest buildings – sentenced to 10 years in prison and incarceratedat the Aiud Penitentiary. 1983 Romania: Dumitru Iuga, Romanian Television technician, together with 6 other young men, found “The Movement for freedom and socialjustice”; they are convicted for “plotting against the social system”; sentenced up to 10 years at Aiud Penitentiary, Ion Ilie (Piteøti), Florin Vlæsceanu, Pavel Vechio, VictorTotu (Tîrgoviøte), Gheorghe Gheorghina, Nicolae Ionel, Ion Dræghici (Bucharest) – sentenced to prison from 6 to 10 years, Carbide suitcases explode, dogs are wrapped inslogans, manifests in the telephone boots, slogans on the building walls, Popular rebellion of the miners in Maramureø. 1984 The building of The House of the People starts.1985 Romania: As a result of the international community pressure, the priest Gheorghe Calciu-Dumitreasa and the writer Dorin Tudoran are allowed to leave country, aftermany years of protests and harassment by Securitate; the engineer and poet Gheorghe Ursu is killed in the Bucharest Securitate detention room – because of a diary (hekept for 15 years in a drawer at his workplace) and because of the critical articles published in the foreign press, Gorbachev – president of USSR; perestroika/restructuringand glasnost/transparency, Romania: heating and electricity are available just a few hours a day, Oradea. Dan is assigned to the Museum, I am assigned to the State Theatre.70
scenaOn the background of nothingness. Interdisciplinary research, informal meetings, discussions (with students, journalists, writers, actors, musicians, artists, critics, researchers)in our apartment on 22 Italian Street Bl. Y3. The Hungarian Television (without knowing the language, by the dictionary): interesting exercise of making sense out of the imageanalysis. Mail art... imaginary form of external communication. The County Library – forbidden books – the librarian at the reading hall – lesson in empathy, altruism, responsibilityand generosity. 1986 USA: Biological agents, altered viruses, Calf and sheep cloned; Dolly, the sheep – 2003–2006, Ukraine: Catastrophe at Chernobyl; Romania isaffected – the state doesn’t admit a thing, Doru Covrig, Napoleon Tiron, Gusztáv Ütô, Réka Kónya. 1987 Romania: Iaøi and Braøov – 5,000 workers rebel; protest movementat “Nicolina” Workshops in Iaøi, and students’ manifestation; workers manifest at “Steagul Roøu” Plant in Braøov – thousands of people cross the city chanting slogans; theydevastate the Party’s County Committee headquarters – on the front wall, anti-communist slogans; in several cities around the country, 62 workers are being arrested andexpelled; Doina Cornea, her son Leontin Iuhas, a group of students, Marius Baia sympathize with them; the union members from Zærneøti – Mihai Torje, Marin Brâncoveanu,Marian Lupou – are being arrested and inquired, Bucharest. I start to study at the Art Academy. I have a collection of incredible events related to my admissions... I developan infinite repulsion for everything – I want to make up for the time lost and do what I want to. (1987–93) I founded and organized the experimental workshop at the faculty(exhibitions, meetings, debates). I wanted it to be a students’ project, self-motivated... a space of freedom, of attempts... an <strong>idea</strong>l space. Experiment/Challenge for mycolleagues. Moved image – work lasting a few seconds... (it’s just after 1990 that I would find out it is called performance). The answer of a colleague, Beer Peter – a smokeinstallation, Teodor Graur, Intifada – against the occupation of Palestine by Israel. 1988 Hungary: The Party of Young Democrats, Nationalist movements in USSR, Prague:10,000 de protesters beaten by the police, Oradea. In the apartment we live in – Proba somnului [The Ordeal of sleep], The poet Ana Blandiana banned and under watch,The Triumphal Arch is set on fire; Lenin’s statue – anticommunist slogans, Radu Chesaru, Geo Asavei; scores of young men from Bucharest spread manifests – arrested andinquired, Dan Perjovschi, Dan Stanciu, Mircea Stænescu. 1989 Democracy in Chile, Paraguay, Alger, Romania: three editors from “România liberæ” are arrested – Petre MihaiBæcanu, Mihai Creangæ, Anton Uncu, plus Nicolae Chivoiu, printer, for editing an illegal publication with anticommunist articles, Braøov, Liviu Babeø sets himself on fire ona ski path at Poiana Braøov, shouting anticommunist slogans, Mircea Dinescu, letter in “Libération” – home arrest, Dan Deøliu – home arrest; arrested and inquired – GabrielAndreescu (Bucharest), Dan Petrescu, Liviu Antonesei, Liviu Cangeopol (Iaøi), Anti-Ceauøescu rally at Iaøi; the organizers Cassian Maria Spiridon, Øtefan Prutianu, Titi Iacobare arrested, The Hungarian-Austrian border is opened – 57,000 East-Germans go to Austria via Hungary, Beijing: the rallies held in Tiananmen Square are crushed in blood,Czechoslovakia, Poland: mass protests, Free elections in Hungary, Salman Rushdie: “The Satanic Verses” – sentenced to death by Ayatollah Khomeini, Oradea: Anulare[Cancel] – a photo work in our apartment; Oradea. Hærfli de impresii [Sensation maps] – paper sculptures; Bucharest. The Art Academy. Pentru departele meu în timp [Formy distant one in time] – experiment; Bucharest. The Art Academy. Legæturi [Bonds] – experiment; My class is forced to make mosaic floors for the House of the People – Irefuse and I am threatened to be expelled by inspector Popa from the Minister of Education. A paper on Aesthetics about experiment – I invite artists and theoreticiansfrom outside the country; an experiment about experiment; I organize two exhibitions – Studiu [Study] and Autoportret [Self-portrait], Romania: PCR dissidents “the letterof the 6”, November 9 – The Fall of the Berlin Wall, The knocking down of the communist regimes, Democracy in Eastern Europe, Romania: December 16 – the revolutionof the young starts at Timiøoara; tens of deaths and hundreds injured; arrests, torture, December 20 – we are at Sibiu, in the street, Bucharest: December 21 – following thefiasco of the rally set up by Elena and Nicolae Ceauøescu, they flee by helicopter; they are caught and executed on December 25, at Tîrgoviøte, The power is taken by theNational Salvation Front – a neo-communist transition, 1,000 people die, December 1989 marked the fall of Ceauøescu and the end of the communist regime in Romania,a violent change, which resulted in more than 1,000 deaths during the key events of Timiøoara and Bucharest. After a weeklong state of unrest in the city of Timiøoara, Ceauøesculost his grip on power. A mass rally summoned in support of Ceauøescu on December 21, 1989 turned hostile and the Ceauøescu couple was forced to flee Bucharest.However, they ended up in the custody of the army, and after being tried and convicted for “genocide” and other crimes by a kangaroo court, they were executed on December25, 1989. The series of events known as the Romanian Revolution of 1989 remain to this day a matter of debate, with many conflicting theories as to the motivationsand even the actions of some of the main players. Ion Iliescu, a former Communist Party official marginalized by Ceauøescu, attained national recognition as the leader ofan impromptu governing coalition, the National Salvation Front (FSN) that proclaimed the restoration of democracy and civil liberties on December 22, 1989. The CommunistParty was outlawed, and Ceauøescu’s most unpopular measures, such as bans on abortion and contraception, were rolled back. 1990 Euro-tunnel under The Channel,Romania: Presidential and parliamentary elections on May 20. Running against representatives of the pre-war National Peasants’ Party and National Liberal Party, and takingadvantage of FSN’s tight control of the national radio and television, Iliescu won 85% of the vote. The FSN secured two-thirds of the seats in Parliament. A university professorwith strong family roots in the Communist Party, Petre Roman, was named Prime Minister of the new government, which consisted mainly of former communist officials.The government initiated modest free market reforms. Because the majority of ministers in the Petre Roman government were ex-communists, anti-communist protestersinitiated a round-the-clock anti-government demonstration in University Square, Bucharest in April 1990. Two months later, these protesters, whom the government referredto as “hooligans”, were brutally dispersed by the miners from Jiu Valley, called in by President Iliescu; this event became known as the Mineriad. The miners also attackedthe headquarters and private residences of opposition leaders. Petre Roman’s government fell in late September 1991, when the miners returned to Bucharest to demandhigher salaries. A technocrat, Theodor Stolojan, was appointed to head an interim government until new elections could be held, The Two Germany unite, Hungary: The lastSoviet troops leave the country, The gradual elimination of the apartheid in South Africa, 1990–92 Chicago: “Conceptualism – Post-conceptualism” 1960–1990, MCA,Montreal: “The Art of Installation”, MCA, Vác, Budapest, Belgrade, Sarajevo, Istanbul and Ankara – first trips out of the country; Bucharest. Collections of terrestrial globes,nylon bags with printed images, art catalogues and multiples...; I take part to anticommunist protests – the revolution was stolen; University Square – student rallies againstneo-communism – the forces of order and the miners brutally step in and break down the pro-democracy movement; The Students’ League – I refused to meet Iliescu;Andreea Flondor replaces me, Romania acknowledges AIDS among the children, Sibiu. “Experiment” Camp; Liviana Dan, curator at Brukenthal Museum; a sad, but interestingexperience. Bucharest. “Modified Space”, Cæminul Artei Gallery, group exhibition in an architecturally altered space. I met Geta Brætescu – I saw what she had donein the ’70, in her workshop... I found out about performance art; I found out that I might find Kaprow at the UAP library (if it didn’t vanish – the habit was: leave nothing forthe others), she told us about Kantor... we talked about the reformulation of art education... she said I should teach, because I have pedagogic abilities... Surprisingly, IonBitzan asked if I would like to assist him (he teaches design), One billion people travel by plane each year in the world, Geta Brætescu gives up the studio; we apply at UAP[Romanian Artist Union] and receive the studio... shortly after it becomes a space for meetings, debates, lectures, dia/video presentations, exhibitions, conferences,71
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Oraø al paniciiPaul Virilio„Atun
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s-o cîøtigæm. Acum, aceastæ lup