Sensors and Actuators - Fachbereich Physik der Universität ...

Unterschiede zwischen CCD und APS-CMOS
CMOS sensors are much less expensive to manufacture than CCD sensors.
Both CCD (charge-coupled device) and CMOS (complimentary metal-oxide semiconductor)
image sensors start at the same point -- they have to convert light into electrons. If you have
read the article How Solar Cells Work, you understand one technology that is used to
perform the conversion. One simplified way to think about the sensor used in a digital
camera (or camcorder) is to think of it as having a 2-D array of thousands or millions of tiny
solar cells, each of which transforms the light from one small portion of the image into
electrons. Both CCD and CMOS devices perform this task using a variety of technologies.
The next step is to read the value (accumulated charge) of each cell in the image. In a CCD
device, the charge is actually transported across the chip and read at one corner of the
array. An analog-to-digital converter turns each pixel's value into a digital value. In most
CMOS devices, there are several transistors at each pixel that amplify and move the charge
using more traditional wires. The CMOS approach is more flexible because each pixel can
be read individually.
CCDs use a special manufacturing process to create the ability to transport charge across
the chip without distortion. This process leads to very high-quality sensors in terms of fidelity
and light sensitivity. CMOS chips, on the other hand, use traditional manufacturing
processes to create the chip -- the same processes used to make most microprocessors.
Because of the manufacturing differences, there have been some noticeable differences
between CCD and CMOS sensors.
• CCD sensors, as mentioned above, create high-quality, low-noise images. CMOS
sensors, traditionally, are more susceptible to noise.
• Because each pixel on a CMOS sensor has several transistors located next to it, the
light sensitivity of a CMOS chip tends to be lower. Many of the photons hitting the
chip hit the transistors instead of the photodiode.
• CMOS traditionally consumes little power. Implementing a sensor in CMOS yields a
low-power sensor.
• CCDs use a process that consumes lots of power. CCDs consume as much as 100
times more power than an equivalent CMOS sensor.
• CMOS chips can be fabricated on just about any standard silicon production line, so
they tend to be extremely inexpensive compared to CCD sensors.
• CCD sensors have been mass produced for a longer period of time, so they are
more mature. They tend to have higher quality and more pixels.
Quelle: http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/question362.htm
Anwendungsbereiche optoelektronischer Sensoren
Sicherungseinrichtungen
• Lichtschranken, Taster
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