Smithsonian at the Poles: Contributions to International Polar

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Steuer, A., and E. Hentschel. 1937. Die Verbreitung der copepodengattungen Sapphirina, Copilia, Miracia, Pleuromamma, Rhincalanus and Cephalophanes im südatlantischen Ozean. Nachtrag über die Verbreitung von Pleuromamma und Rhincalanus auf Vertikalschnitten. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Atlantic Expedition ‘Meteor,’ 12: 101– 163. Swadling, K. M., A. D. McKinnon, G. De’ath, and J. A. E. Gibson. 2004. Life Cycle Plasticity and Differential Growth and Development in Marine and Lacustrine Populations of an Antarctic Copepod. Limnology and Oceanography, 49(3): 644– 655. Tanaka, O. 1958. The Pelagic Copepods of the Izu Region, Middle Japan. Systematic Account. 5. Family Euchaetidae. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 6(3): 327– 367. ———. 1960. Biological Results of the Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition. Pelagic Copepoda. Special Publications from the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 10: 1– 177. ———. 1964. Two Small Collections of Copepods from the Antarctic. Special Publications from the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 22: 1– 20. Thompson, I. C. 1898. Report on a Small Collection of Antarctic Plankton from the Neighbourhood of the South Shetland Islands, Collected by the Staff of the Dundee Whaler in 1892– 3. Proceedings and Transactions of the Liverpool Biological Society, 12: 291– 297. ———. 1903. Report on the Copepoda Obtained by Mr. George Murray, F. R. S., during the Cruise of the Oceana in 1898. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 12: 1– 36. Vervoort, W. 1949. Some New and Rare Copepoda Calanoida from East Indian Seas. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 5: 1– 53. ———. 1950. The Genus Onchocalanus G. O. Sars, 1905 (Crustacea Copepoda). Zoologische Verhandelingen, 10: 1– 35. ———. 1951. Plankton Copepods from the Atlantic Sector of the Antarctic. Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, Afd. Natuurkunde, Section 2, 47(4): 1– 156. ———. 1957. Copepods from Antarctic and Sub-Antarctic Plankton Samples. The British-Australian-New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition, 1929– 1931, Reports. Under the Command of Sir Douglas Mawson, Kt, O.B.E., B.E., D.Sc., F.R.S. Series B, 3:1– 160, fi gs. 1– 138. ———. 1965a. Pelagic Copepoda. Part II. Copepoda Calanoida of the Families Phaennidae up to and Including Acartiidae, Containing the Description of a New Species of Aetideidae. Atlantide Report, 8:9– 216. ———. 1965b. Notes on the Biogeography and Ecology of Free-Living, Marine Copepoda. Monographiae Biologicae, 15: 381– 400. Vyshkvartzeva, N. V. 2000. Two New Genera of Scolecithrichidae and Redefi nition of Scolecithricella Sars and Amallothrix Sars (Copepoda, Calanoida). Zoosystematic Rossica, 8(2), 1999: 217– 241. Waghorn, E. J. 1979. Two New Species of Copepoda from White Island, Antarctica. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 13(3): 459– 470. With, C. 1915. Copepoda. 1. Calanoida Amphascandria. Danish Ingolf Expedition, 3(4): 1– 260. Wolfenden, R. N. 1903. Copepoda. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, Part 1: 117– 132. ———. 1904. Notes on the Copepoda of the North Atlantic Sea and the Faröe Channel. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 7: 110– 146. ———. 1905. Plankton Studies: Preliminary Notes upon New or Interesting Species. Copepoda, Part 1, pp. 1– 24. London: Rebman Limited. ———. 1906. Plankton Studies: Preliminary Notes upon New or Interesting Species. Copepoda, Part 2, pp. 25– 44. London: Rebman Limited. ———. 1908. “Crustacea. 8. Copepoda.” In National Antarctic Expedition, 1901– 1904. Natural History. Volume 4. Zoology (Various invertebrata), pp. 1– 46. PELAGIC CALANOID COPEPODS OF THE SOUTHERN OCEAN 173 ———. 1911. Die marinen Copepoden der deutschen Südpolar-Expedition 1901-1903. 2. Die pelagischen Copepoden der Westwinddrift und des südlichen Eismeers. Deutsche Südpolar-Expedition, 1901– 1903, 12(2): 181– 380, pls. 22– 41. Yamanaka, N. 1976. The Distribution of Some Copepods (Crustacea) in the Southern Ocean and Adjacent Regions from 40E to 81EW Long. Boletim de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, 1: 161– 196. Yen, J. 1983. Effects of Prey Concentration, Prey Size, Predator Life Stage, Predator Starvation, and Season on Predation Rates of the Carnivorous Copepod Euchaeta elongata. Marine Biology, 75(1): 69– 77. ———. 1991. Predatory Feeding Behaviour of an Antarctic Marine Copepod, Euchaeta antarctica. Polar Research, 10(2): 433– 442. APPENDIX 1 This appendix contains a list of pelagic calanoid copepod species, alphabetical by genus and then species, reported from the Southern Ocean. Each species name includes the author and date of publication of the original species description. The author and date entry listed below a species name is the latest taxonomic reference to the species. Abbreviations for distributions are as follows: Ant, Antarctic; sAnt, subantarctic; Stemp, south temperate; Trop, tropical; Ntemp, north temperate; sArc, subarctic; Arc, Arctic. Aetideopsis antarctica (Wolfenden, 1908): Ant Faroella antarctica Wolfenden, 1908:39, pl. 2, fi gs. 1– 4. Aetideopsis antarctica Bradford, 1971:18, fi gs. 31– 48. Aetideopsis minor (Wolfenden, 1911): Ant, Arc Faroella minor Wolfenden, 1911:214. Aetideopsis minor Park, 1978:115– 118, fi gs. 8– 9; Markhaseva, 1996:32, fi gs. 20– 21. Aetideopsis multiserrata (Wolfenden, 1904): Ant, sArc Faroella multiserrata Wolfenden, 1904:117, pl. 9, fi gs. 26– 28. Aetideopsis multiserrata Park, 1978:111– 115, fi gs. 6– 7; Markhaseva, 1996:37, fi gs. 22– 23. Aetideopsis rostrata Sars, 1903: Ant, sArc, Arc Aetideopsis rostrata Sars, 1903:160, pls. 4, 5; Markhaseva, 1996:42, fi gs. 26– 28. Aetideopsis infl ata Park, 1978:118– 122, fi gs. 11– 12. Aetideopsis tumorosa Bradford, 1969: sAnt Aetideopsis tumorosa Bradford, 1969:74, fi gs. 1– 28; Park, 1978:118, fi g. 10; Markhaseva, 1996:42, fi g. 29. Aetideus arcuatus (Vervoort, 1949): sAnt, Ntemp Snelliaetideus arcuatus Vervoort, 1949:4, fi g. 1; Park, 1978:108– 111, fi gs. 4– 5. Aetideus arcuatus Markhaseva, 1996:14, fi g. 3. Aetideus australis (Vervoort, 1957): Ant, sAnt Euaetideus australis Vervoort, 1957:46, fi gs. 16– 19, 20a; Park, 1978:105– 108, fi gs. 2– 3. Arietellus simplex Sars, 1905: Ant, sArc Arietellus simplex Sars, 1905:5, 22; 1925:334, pl. 120, fi gs. 7– 12; Vervoort, 1957:141. Augaptilus glacialis Sars, 1900: Ant, Arc Augaptilus glacialis Sars, 1900:88, pl.s 26, 27; 1925:254, pl. 76, fi gs.1– 6; Vervoort, 1951:144, fi gs. 80, 81. Batheuchaeta antarctica Markhaseva, 1986: Ant Batheuchaeta antarctica Markhaseva, 1986:848, fi g. 6; 1996:53, fi g. 34.
174 SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES / PARK AND FERRARI Batheuchaeta lamellata Brodsky, 1950: Ant-Ntemp Batheuchaeta lamellata Brodsky, 1950:189, fi gs. 106– 107; Markhaseva, 1996:57– 58. Batheuchaeta peculiaris Markhaseva, 1983: Ant-Ntemp Batheuchaeta peculiaris Markhaseva, 1983:1740, fi g. 1; 1996:58, fi gs. 41– 42. Batheuchaeta pubescens Markhaseva, 1986: Ant Batheuchaeta pubescens Markhaseva, 1986:846, fi g. 5; 1996:58, fi g. 43. Bathycalanus bradyi (Wolfenden, 1905): Ant-Ntemp Megacalanus bradyi Wolfenden, 1905:1– 3, pl. 1, fi gs. 1– 6. Bathycalanus maximus Wolfenden, 1911:198, pl. 23, fi gs. 1– 7, text fi g. 2. Bathycalanus bradyi Vervoort, 1957:32, fi g. 7. Bathycalanus eltaninae Björnberg, 1968: sAnt Bathycalanus eltaninae Björnberg, 1968:75, fi gs. 15– 41. Bathycalanus infl atus Björnberg, 1968: sAnt Bathycalanus infl atus Björnberg, 1968:81, fi gs. 42– 54. Bathycalanus unicornis Björnberg, 1968: sAnt Bathycalanus unicornis Björnberg, 1968:73, fi gs. 1– 14. Bradycalanus enormis Björnberg, 1968: sAnt Bradycalanus enormis Björnberg, 1968:85, fi gs. 64– 77. Bradycalanus pseudotypicus Björnberg, 1968: sAnt Bradycalanus pseudotypicus Björnberg, 1968:82, fi gs. 55– 63, 78. Calanoides acutus (Giesbrecht, 1902): Ant Calanoides acutus Giesbrecht, 1902:17, pl. 1, fi gs. 10– 14; Vervoort, 1951:42, fi gs. 25– 33. Calanus australis Brodsky, 1959: sAnt-Stemp Calanus australis Brodsky, 1959:1539– 1542, pl. 1, fi gs. 9– 12; pl. 2, fi gs. 4, 8, 10, 11; pl. 3, fi gs. 11, 13, 14; pl. 4, fi gs. 8, 9. Calanus propinquus Brady, 1883: Ant Calanus propinquus Brady, 1883:34, pl. 2, fi gs. 1– 7; pl. 14, fi gs. 10– 11; Vervoort, 1951:27, fi gs. 14– 24. Calanus simillimus Giesbrecht, 1902: sAnt Calanus simillimus Giesbrecht, 1902:16, fi g. 9; Vervoort, 1951:11, fi gs. 3– 14. Candacia cheirura Cleve, 1904: sAnt Candacia cheirura Cleve, 1904:180, 186, 198, pl. 1, fi gs. 1– 6; pl. 2, fi gs. 7– 10; Farran, 1929:273, fi g. 29; Vervoort, 1957:142. Candacia falcifera Farran, 1929: Ant-sArc Candacia falcifera Farran, 1929:270, fi g. 28; Vervoort, 1957:142, fi g. 132. Candacia maxima Vervoort, 1957: Ant-sAnt Candacia maxima Vervoort, 1957:142– 144, fi gs.132– 138. Centraugaptilus rattrayi (Scott, 1894): sAnt-sArc Augapatilus rattrayi Scott, 1894:36, pl. 2, fi gs. 25– 37. Centraugaptilus rattrayi Sars, 1925:304, pl. 106; Hardy and Gunther, 1935:183. Cephalophanes frigidus Wolfenden, 1911: Ant-sAnt Cephalophanes frigidus Wolfenden, 1911:284– 285, fi g. 46; Park, 1983b:321– 325, fi gs. 3– 4. Chiridiella megadactyla Bradford, 1971: Ant Chiridiella megadactyla Bradford, 1971:19– 20, fi gs. 49– 60. Chiridiella subaequalis Grice and Hulsemann, 1965: Ant-Ntemp Chiridiella subaequalis Grice and Hulsemann, 1965:231– 235, fi g. 10a– l; Markhaseva, 1996:108, fi g. 82. Chiridius gracilis Farran, 1908: Ant-sArc Chiridius gracilis Farran, 1908:30, pl. 2, fi gs. 1– 3; Park, 1978:122– 124, fi g. 13; Markhaseva, 1996:111, fi gs. 83– 84. Chiridius polaris Wolfenden, 1911: Ant, Ntemp Chiridius polaris Wolfenden, 1911:211, text fi g. 6, pl. 24, fi gs. 9– 12; Markhaseva, 1996:119, fi gs. 94– 97. Chiridius subantarcticus Park, 1978:125– 127, fi g. 14. Chirundina streetsii Giesbrecht, 1895: sAnt-sArc Chirundina streetsii Giesbrecht, 1895:249, pl. 1, fi gs. 5– 10; Park, 1978:179, fi gs. 52– 53. Clausocalanus brevipes Frost and Fleminger, 1968: sAnt Clausocalanus brevipes Frost and Fleminger, 1968:70, fi gs. 56– 59. Clausocalanus brevipes Farran, 1929: Ant Clausocalanus laticeps Farran, 1929:224, fi g. 4; Frost and Fleminger, 1968:42, fi gs. 24– 28. Cornucalanus chelifer (Thompson, 1903): Ant-Ntemp Scolecithrix chelifer Thompson, 1903:21, pl. 5, fi gs. 1– 9; Park, 1983b:352– 357, fi gs. 23– 26. Cornucalanus robustus Vervoort, 1957: Ant-Trop Cornucalanus robustus Vervoort, 1957:88– 91, fi gs. 71– 76; Park, 1983:358– 363, fi gs. 27– 30. Cornucalanus simplex Wolfenden, 1905: Ant-Ntemp Cornucalanus simplex Wolfenden, 1905:22; Park, 1983b:364– 365, fi g. 31. Ctenocalanus citer Heron and Bowman, 1971: sAnt Ctenocalanus citer Heron and Bowman, 1971:142, fi gs. 1, 16– 18, 31– 36, 54– 58, 71– 77, 94– 99, 130– 150. Ctenocalanus vanus Vervoort, 1951:59– 61; 1957:37. Disseta palumbii Giesbrecht, 1889: sAnt-sArc Disseta palumbii Giesbrecht, 1889a:812; 1893:369, pl. 29, fi gs. 2, 8, 14, 19, 23– 25, 27; pl. 38, fi g. 44; Park, 2000:14– 18, fi gs. 1– 3. Drepanopus bispinosus Bayly, 1982; Ant Drepanopus bispinosus Bayly, 1982:165, fi gs. 2a– 2h, 3a– 3f. Drepanopus forcipatus Giesbrecht, 1888: sAnt Drepanopus forcipatus Giesbrecht, 1888:335; Hulsemann, 1985: 911, fi gs. 2– 4, 6– 8, 10, 12, 14, 16– 20, 23, 24, 27– 29, 32– 33. Drepanopus pectinatus Brady, 1883: sAnt Drepanopus pectinatus Brady, 1883:77, pl. 24, fi gs. 1– 11; Hulsemann, 1985a:910, fi gs. 1, 5, 9, 11, 13, 15, 21, 22, 25, 26, 30, 31. Euaugaptilus aliquantus Park, 1993: sAnt-Stemp Euaugaptilus aliquantus Park, 1993:13– 14, fi gs. 7– 8. Euaugaptilus angustus (Sars, 1905): sAnt-Ntemp Augaptilus angustus Sars, 1905:10– 11. Euaugaptilus angustus Sars, 1925:281– 282, pl. 91; Park, 1993:27– 30, fi gs. 19– 20. Euaugaptilus antarcticus Wolfenden, 1911: Ant Euaugaptilus antarcticus Wolfenden, 1911:334– 336, fi g. 70, pl. 36, fi gs. 6– 7; Park, 1993:32– 37, fi gs. 23– 25. Euaugaptilus austrinus Park, 1993: Ant Euaugaptilus austrinus Park, 1993:37– 41, fi gs. 26– 28. Euaugaptilus brevirostratus Park, 1993: sAnt-Stemp Euaugaptilus brevirostratus Park, 1993:19– 22, fi gs. 12– 14. Euaugaptilus bullifer (Giesbrecht, 1889): Ant-Ntemp Augaptilus bullifer Giesbrecht, 1889a:813; 1893:400, pl. 28, fi gs. 6, 21, 24; pl. 39, fi g. 46. Euaugaptilus bullifer (Giesbrecht, 1889); Park, 1993:22– 25, fi gs. 15– 16. Euaugaptilus gibbus (Wolfenden, 1904): sAnt-Ntemp Augaptilus gibbus Wolfenden, 1904:122; 1911:337– 339, fi g. 72, pl. 37, fi gs. 2– 3. Euaugaptilus gibbus (Wolfenden, 1904); Park, 1993:25– 27, fi gs. 17– 18. Euaugaptilus hadrocephalus Park, 1993: Ant-Stemp Euaugaptilus hadrocephalus Park, 1993:6– 9, fi gs. 3, 4. Euaugaptilus laticeps (Sars, 1905): sAnt-Ntemp Augaptilus laticeps Sars, 1905b:11. Euaugaptilus laticeps Sars, 1925:264– 265, pl. 80; Park, 1993:30– 32, fi gs. 21– 22. Euaugaptilus magnus (Wolfenden, 1904): Ant-Ntemp Augaptilus magnus Wolfenden, 1904:111, 122, 142, 145; Wolfenden 1911:341– 343, fi g. 74, pl. 37, fi gs. 4– 9. Euaugaptilus magnus Park, 1993:41– 44, fi gs. 29– 30. Euaugaptilus maxillaris Sars, 1920: Ant-Ntemp Euaugaptilus maxillaris Sars, 1920:15; 1925:287– 288, pl. 95; Park, 1993:5– 6, fi gs. 1– 2.
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Smithsonian at the Poles Contributi
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Contents FOREWORD by Ira Rubinoff i
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Elaina Jorgensen, Alaska Fisheries
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CONTENTS vii Watching Star Birth fr
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x SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES blooms i
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xii SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES Change
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xiv SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES Museum
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Advancing Polar Research and Commun
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James P. Espy (1785- 1860), the fi
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ology fueled hopes that the scienti
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Meteorologists also provided critic
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visualize weather patterns remotely
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in ice sheets. The latest collapse
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Cooperation at the Poles? Placing t
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British Association for the Advance
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cations, in which the Smithsonian s
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ence” (Robinson, 2006: 76), he ha
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Taylor, C. J. 1981. First Internati
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24 SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES / KORSM
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36 SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES / De VO
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From Ballooning in the Arctic to 10
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ern Svalbard in 1896 (Capelotti, 19
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FIGURE 2. The Andrée campsite in 1
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National Zoo in Washington, D.C.—
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FROM BALLOONING TO 10,000-FOOT RUNW
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e rapidly deployed to South America
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“Of No Ordinary Importance”: Re
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1942). Ethnological collecting had
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group. More importantly, Murdoch’
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gan to study the question of Indian
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small museums and culture centers i
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fer of Alaskan objects and informat
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fi rst time in polar research— di
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Boas, Franz. 1888a. “The Central
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Lindsay, Debra. 1993. Science in th
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80 SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES / FIENU
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90 SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES / BURCH
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100 SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES / CROW
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From Tent to Trading Post and Back
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in befriending an extraordinary Inu
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The Smithsonian Institution’s pre
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of departure for research during th
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Page 210 and 211: LITERATURE CITED Absher, T. M., G.
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Considerations of Anatomy, Morpholo
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Many theories have been hypothesize
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FIGURE 4. A three dimensional recon
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are wider and more bulbous in the a
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mimicked the shape and profi le of
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faces for SEM observation. The spec
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DISCUSSION Imaging and dissection o
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out its length. The pulp chamber al
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pulpal neurons and dentin tubules.
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Scientifi c Diving Under Ice: A 40-
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TABLE 2. Principal Investigators an
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attaching ice anchors to the chunks
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dumping of weight under water. The
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MARINE LIFE HAZARDS Few polar anima
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Urine should be copious and clear a
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Environmental and Molecular Mechani
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face (�1.8°C) are likely to pose
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FIGURE 2. Illustrated selection shi
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FIGURE 4. Distribution of respirati
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invertebrates were placed in the ba
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Meehan, R. R., D. S. Dunican, A. Ru
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266 SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES / KOOY
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272 SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES / DUNT
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286 SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES / QUET
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300 SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES / NEAL
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320 SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES / KIEB
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Capital Expenditure and Income (For
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tal breeding systems (Boyd, 1998; T
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FIGURE 3. Pup mass gain in relation
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MONITORING FOOD CONSUMPTION DURING
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primary productivity in McMurdo Sou
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Non-steady-State Systems. Journal o
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Latitudinal Patterns of Biological
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and perhaps others, may have invade
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colonizing the Arctic Ocean under c
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due in part to the great distances
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and (2) human-mediated responses to
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Lewis, P. N., M. Riddle, and C. L.
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Cosmology from Antarctica Robert W.
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There they found better observing c
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TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTS AT THE S
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Gaier, T., J. Schuster, and P. Lubi
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J. M. Kovac, C. L. Kuo, A. E. Lange
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370 SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES / MART
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372 SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES / MART
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374 SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES / WALK
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Watching Star Birth from the Antarc
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STAR BIRTH FROM THE ANTARCTIC PLATE
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is constructing and deploying the P
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Antarctic Meteorites: Exploring the
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at the Field Museum, and pieces wer
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the description and curation of Ant
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led these committees throughout the
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Index AAUS. See American Academy of
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temperature, 350-355 tourism, 354 B
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Fishing. See also Biological invasi
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McMurdo Station, xiv, 265-267, 393
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Rogick, Mary, 206 Ronne, Finn, 55 R
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U.S. Naval Support Force Antarctica
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