Smithsonian at the Poles: Contributions to International Polar

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Index AAUS. See American Academy of Underwater Sciences Adams, David Hempelman, 53–54 Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-EOS, 311 Advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR), 310 Ahlmann, Hans W., 26 Ahmaogak, George, Sr., 104 Ahwinona, Jacob, 100, 105 Aiken, Martha, 100 Airy, George B., 17 Alaska. See also Barrow, Alaska; Biological invasion; Exhibits; Native peoples; Whaling art, public discovery, 67–70 ethnological collecting, 62–65, 89–96, 99–100, 118–121, 131–132 ethnological exhibits, 65–66 Gambell, and SIKU, 134–138 Smithsonian connection, revitalizing, 70–72 southwest (Yup’ik homeland), 80, 81 St. Lawrence Island, and SIKU, 134–138 Aleut people. See Native peoples Alutiiq people. See Native peoples American Academy of Underwater Sciences (AAUS), 242 Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, 382 Anchorage Museum of History and Art, xiv, 71, 80, 85 Andersson, Berit, 51 Andrée, Solomon August, 50–51, 53 ballooning, 50–51 cause of death, 52, 53 expedition camp, 51–52 archaeologic study, 50–54, 59 soil studies, 52–54 Andrew, Frank, 82–84, 85, 86 Andrew, Nick, 87 Annals of the IGY (1959), 31 Annual Reports of the Bureau of Ethnography, xiii
396 INDEX Antarctic Circumpolar Current copepod distribution, 153 nonpelagic development, 185–187, 192 productivity, 312 Antarctic Continental Shelf, isolation and speciation, 185–187 Antarctic Convergence, 145, 147 Antarctic deep-sea benthic biodiversity (ANDEEP), 191 Antarctic Marine Ecosystem Ice Edge Zone (AMERIEZ), 290 Antarctic Marine Living Resources (AMLR), 289 Antarctic Meteorite Working Group, 389, 392–393 “Antarctic Research—A European Network for Astronomy” (ARENA), 385 Antarctic Search for Meteorites (ANSMET), 389, 390 Antarctic Submillimeter Telescope and Remote Observatory (AST/RO), x, xiv, 361, 362, 363, 369–372, 381–384 Antarctic Treaty, 23 Antarctic Treaty Organization, 389 Antarctica. See also Biological invasion; Cosmology, Antarctica East Base (Stonington Island), 50, 54–55, 56, 59 Marble Point, 50, 56–59 West Base, 54 Anthropology, 115–126 circumpolar, 70 cultural, 64 foundations, 116–121 IPY goal, 121 museum, 62 physical, 66–67 salvage, 118 theory of, 65–66 Apangalook, Leonard, Sr., 134–138 Aporta, Claudio, 134 Applegate, S., 65 Archaeology. 115–126. See also Andrée, Solomon August; Antarctica circumpolar, 70 historic, 49–60 impact on Smithsonian, 66–67 tourism, 60 Arcminute Cosmology Bolometer Array Receiver (ACBAR), 363 Arctic as cultural construct, 115 differing meanings, 115–117 as homeland, 116 as “last imaginary place,” 115 Arctic studies, 61–74, 131–132. See also International Polar Year climate change, 65, 71, 72–74 hardships, 18–19 public interest, 49 Arctic Studies Center (ASC), x, xiv, 70, 133–134 Army Signal Corps, xiii, 5, 16, 19, 63 Arutiunov, Sergei, 70 Assault on the Unknown (Sullivan), 31 AST/RO. See Antarctic Submillimeter Telescope and Remote Observatory Aurora(s), 3, 7 Background Imaging of Cosmic Extragalactic Polarization (BICEP), 364 Bacterioplankton, productivity, 299–306 Baffi n Island, Boas visit, 117–118, 131 Baird, Spencer F. anthropology, 118, 119 arctic studies, 62–64, 65, 131 international cooperation, 17 IPY-1, xiii, 94 Polaris Expedition (1871), 18–19 Ballooning expeditions. See Adams, David Hempelman; Andrée, Solomon August Balloon Observations of Millimetric Extragalactic Radiation and Geophysics (BOOMERANG), 361 Barrow, Alaska, 89–96 as archaeological site, 60 early expeditions, 90–92 ethnological collecting, 64–65, 89–96, 131 geography and climate, 89 as IPY-1 station, xiii, 5, 6, 19, 64–65, 89, 92–95, 119 map, 91 post-IPY research, 95–96 whaling, 99–111 Bartlett Inlet, 267 Bearded seals. See Seals Beckman, Arnold, 28 Beechey, Frederick W., 90 Beluga whales. See Whales Bennett, Jim, 36 Benthic communities, link with pelagic, 218–219 Berkner, Lloyd, 9, 24–28, 29, 31, 35 Bertrand, Kenneth, 18 Bessels, Emil, 19 Biological invasion, 347–355 climate change, 351–354, 355 commercial shipping, 349–350, 352, 353–354 crabs, 348–349, 350–351 currents, 351, 352–353 detection and measurement, 355 fi sheries, 354 human-mediated, 347–348, 349–350 live trade, 349 oil and gas industry, 349–350, 353–354 prevention, 355 propagule supply, 349–350 resistance, 350–351 shoreline development, 353–354 species, Alaska, 348 species, Antarctic, 348–349 temperate-polar pattern, 348–349
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Smithsonian at the Poles Contributi
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Contents FOREWORD by Ira Rubinoff i
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Elaina Jorgensen, Alaska Fisheries
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CONTENTS vii Watching Star Birth fr
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x SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES blooms i
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xii SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES Change
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xiv SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES Museum
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Advancing Polar Research and Commun
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James P. Espy (1785- 1860), the fi
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ology fueled hopes that the scienti
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Meteorologists also provided critic
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visualize weather patterns remotely
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in ice sheets. The latest collapse
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Cooperation at the Poles? Placing t
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British Association for the Advance
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cations, in which the Smithsonian s
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ence” (Robinson, 2006: 76), he ha
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Taylor, C. J. 1981. First Internati
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24 SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES / KORSM
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36 SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES / De VO
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From Ballooning in the Arctic to 10
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ern Svalbard in 1896 (Capelotti, 19
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FIGURE 2. The Andrée campsite in 1
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National Zoo in Washington, D.C.—
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FROM BALLOONING TO 10,000-FOOT RUNW
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e rapidly deployed to South America
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“Of No Ordinary Importance”: Re
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1942). Ethnological collecting had
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group. More importantly, Murdoch’
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gan to study the question of Indian
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small museums and culture centers i
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fer of Alaskan objects and informat
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fi rst time in polar research— di
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Boas, Franz. 1888a. “The Central
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Lindsay, Debra. 1993. Science in th
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80 SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES / FIENU
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90 SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES / BURCH
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100 SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES / CROW
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From Tent to Trading Post and Back
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in befriending an extraordinary Inu
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The Smithsonian Institution’s pre
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of departure for research during th
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FIGURE 8. A drawing of the so-calle
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situated experiential education and
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the Past: Archaeologists, Native Am
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130 SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES / KRUP
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144 SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES / PARK
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Brooding and Species Diversity in t
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iefl y consider below some of the i
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ment. Consequently, the selective e
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ated from the Antarctic. Strong cur
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the four main genera of brooding sc
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ing such cryptic speciation suggest
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LITERATURE CITED Absher, T. M., G.
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Madon-Senez, C. 1998. Disparité Mo
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Persistent Elevated Abundance of Oc
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ABUNDANCE OF ANTARCTIC OCTOPODS 199
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Considerations of Anatomy, Morpholo
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Many theories have been hypothesize
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FIGURE 4. A three dimensional recon
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are wider and more bulbous in the a
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mimicked the shape and profi le of
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faces for SEM observation. The spec
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DISCUSSION Imaging and dissection o
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out its length. The pulp chamber al
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pulpal neurons and dentin tubules.
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Scientifi c Diving Under Ice: A 40-
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TABLE 2. Principal Investigators an
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attaching ice anchors to the chunks
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dumping of weight under water. The
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MARINE LIFE HAZARDS Few polar anima
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Urine should be copious and clear a
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Environmental and Molecular Mechani
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face (�1.8°C) are likely to pose
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FIGURE 2. Illustrated selection shi
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FIGURE 4. Distribution of respirati
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invertebrates were placed in the ba
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Meehan, R. R., D. S. Dunican, A. Ru
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272 SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES / DUNT
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286 SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES / QUET
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300 SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES / NEAL
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Capital Expenditure and Income (For
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tal breeding systems (Boyd, 1998; T
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FIGURE 3. Pup mass gain in relation
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MONITORING FOOD CONSUMPTION DURING
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primary productivity in McMurdo Sou
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Page 380 and 381: TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTS AT THE S
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Page 384: J. M. Kovac, C. L. Kuo, A. E. Lange
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Page 398 and 399: Watching Star Birth from the Antarc
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Page 416 and 417: Fishing. See also Biological invasi
Page 418 and 419: McMurdo Station, xiv, 265-267, 393
Page 420 and 421: Rogick, Mary, 206 Ronne, Finn, 55 R
Page 422: U.S. Naval Support Force Antarctica
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